PROBABLE QUESTIONS (2022-23)

Subject: Chemistry (Code: 043) Class: XII

S. CHAPTER 1. SOLUTIONS
No.
Q1. Define the following terms
1. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTY
2. ROULTS LAW
3. HENRY’S LAW
4. AZEOTROPE
5. BENDS
6. OSMOSIS
7. EBULLIOSCOPIC and
CRYOSCOPIC CONSTANT
8. MOLE FRACTION and
MOLALITY
9. VANT HOFF FACTOR
10. ISOTONIC SOLUTION
Q2. Differentiate between the following
pairs
1. Ideal and non ideal solution
2. Minimum and maximum boiling
azeotrope
3. Positive and negative deviation
from Ideal solution.1

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Q3. GIVE REASON
1. Explain why aquatic species
are more comfortable in cold
water rather than in warm
water.
2. Why do gases nearly always
tend to be less soluble in
liquids as the temperature is
raised?
3. Why is boiling point of 0.1 M
KCl solution is more than that
of 0.1 M glucose solution.
Q4. 45 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is
mixed with 600 g of water. Calculate
(i) the freezing point depression and
(ii) the freezing point of the solution
(Given : Kf of water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)

Q5. What mass of NaCl must be dissolved in

65.0 g of water to lower the freezing point
of water by 7.5°C? The freezing point
depression constant (Kf) for water is
1.86°C/m. Assume van’t Hoff factor for
NaCl is 1.87. (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.5
g)

CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Q6. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING
a)
1. CORROSION
2. FARADAY’S FIRST AND
SECOND LAW
b) Write the reactions taking place at
cathode and anode in lead storage
battery when the battery is in use.
What happens on charging the battery

Q7. a)Differentiate between

1. Electrochemical and electrolytic
cell
2. Primary and secondary cell
b) Write the function and composition of a
salt bridge.
c) The conductivity of 0.20 M solution of
KCl at 298 K is 0.025 S cm-1. Calculate its
molar conductivity

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 Q8. (a) State Kohlrausch law of
independent migration of ions. Write
an expression for the molar
conductivity of acetic acid at infinite
dilution according to Kohlrausch law.

(b) Calculate Λ°m for acetic acid.

Given that Λ°m (HCl) = 426 S cm2 mol-1
Λ°m (NaCl) = 126 S cm2 mol-1
Λ°m (CH3COONa) = 91 S cm2 mol-1
Q9. (a) What is limiting molar conductivity?
Why there is steep rise in the molar
conductivity of weak electrolyte on
dilution?

(b) Calculate the emf of the following

cell at 298 K :
Mg (s) | Mg2+ (0.1 M) || Cu2+ (1.0 ×
10-3M) | Cu (s) [Given = E0 Cell = 2.71
V].

Q10.
a) Determine the values of equilibrium
constant (Kc) and ΔG° for the following
reaction :
Ni(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) → Ni2+ (aq) + 2Ag(s),
E° = 1.05 V
(1F = 96500 C mol-1)
(b) The resistance of a conductivity
cell containing 0.001 M KCl solution at
298 K is 1500 Ω. What is the cell
constant if conductivity of 0.001 M KCl
solution at 298 K is 0.146 × 10-3 S
cm-1?

Q11. CHAPTER 3: CHEMICAL KINETICS

a)Define the following

1. Order
2. Molecularity
3. Pseudo unimolecular reaction
4. Activation energy
b) De ne rate constant (k). Write
the unit of rate constant for the
following:
(i) First order reaction
(ii) Second order reactio

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Q12. a)Differentiate between
1. Order and molecularity
b) A reaction is second order with
respect to a reactant .How is its rates
effected when concentration of the
reactant is i) double ii) is reduced to
half
Q13. a)A first order reaction takes 10
minutes for 25% decomposition.
Calculate t1/2 for the reaction.(Given :
log 2 = 0·3010, log 3 = 0·4771, log 4 =
0·6021)
b)Why molecularity of a reaction
cannot be more than 3.
C) Can we predict the order of a
complex reaction, if yes,how?
Q14. The rate of a reaction becomes four
times when the temperature
changes from 293 K to 313 K.
Calculate the energy of activation
(Ea) of the reaction assuming that it
does not change with temperature.
[R = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1, log 4 = 0.6021]

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 CHAPTER 4 D and f block elements
Q15.
a) Explain the following
observations :
(i) Transition elements generally
form coloured compounds.
(ii) Zinc is not regarded as a
transition element.
b) What is Lanthanoid contraction?
What are its two consequences?
c) Write one similarity and one
difference between the chemistry
of lanthanoids and that of
actinoids.
d) Assign reasons for the following
:
(i) Cu(I) ion is not known to
exist in aqueous solutions.
(ii) Transition metals are much
harder than the alkali metals.
(iii) From element to element
actinoid contraction is greater
than the lanthanoid contraction.
(iv) Mn2O7 is acidic whereas MnO is
basic.
a) (v) Though copper has completely
filled d-orbital (d10) yet it is
considered as a transition metal

Q16. i) E° value for the Mn+3/

Mn+2 couple is positive (+1.5
V) whereas that of Cr+3/
Cr+2 is negative (-0.4 V).
Why? ‘
(ii) Transition metals form
coloured compounds. Why?
ii) Account for the following:
(a) (i) Eu2+ is strong
reducing agent
(ii) Transition metals form
coloured compounds
(iii) Zn has lowest enthalpy
of atomisation.
(b) Complete the following
equations:
(i) KMn04-(heat) ——-> (ii)
Cr2072- + 14H+ + 6Fe2+
———–>

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Q17. Account for the following:
(a) (i) Transition elements form interstitial
compounds.
(ii) Mns+(3d4) is strongly oxidising, where
as Cr2+(3d4) is strongly reducing.
(iii) Transition metals have high melting
points.
(b) What is misch metal? Write its one use

Q18. (a) How do you prepare:

(i)K2Mn04 from Mn02?
(ii) Na2Cr207 from Na2Cr04?
(b) Account for the following:
(i) Mn2+ is more stable than Fe2+
towards oxidation to +3 state.
(ii) The enthalpy of atomization is
lowest for Zn in 3 d series of the
transition elements.
(iii) Actinoid elements show wide
range of oxidation states.
(b) (a) Which metal in the rst
transition series (3d series)
exhibits +1 oxidation state most
frequently and why?
(b) Which of the following cations
are coloured in aqueous solutions
and why?
Sc3+, V3+, Ti4+, Mn2+
(At. Nos. Sc = 21, V = 23, Ti = 22,
Mn = 25)

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 CHAPTER 5 CO ORDINATION
Q19. COMPOUNDS
a) State a reason for each of the
following situations :
(i) Co2+ is easily oxidized to Co3+ in
presence of a strong ligand.
(ii) The molecular shape of [Ni(CO)4] is
not the same as that of [Ni(CN)4]
b) Giving a suitable example for each,
explain the following :
(i) Crystal field splitting
(ii) Linkage isomerism
(iii) Ambidentate ligand
iv) Homoleptic and Heteroleptic
complex
v) Denticity
vi) Chelates
b) Give an example of hexadentate
ligand .

Q20. Name the following coordination

compounds according to IUPAC
system of nomenclature :
(i) [Co(NH3)4 (H2O)Cl]Cl2
(ii) [CrCl2(en)2]Cl,
(en = ethane – 1, 2 – diamine )
b) Indicate the types of structural
isomerism exhibited by the complex
[Ni(NH3)3NO3]Cl

Q21. a)Describe the shape and magnetic

behaviour of following complexes :
(i) [CO(NH3)6]3+
(ii) [Ni(CN)4]2-
b) Explain why [Co(NH3)6]3+ is an inner
orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH3)6]2+ is an
outer orbital complex. (At. no. Co = 27, Ni
= 28

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 Q22. a) When a co-ordination compound
CrCl3.6H2O is mixed with AgNO3, 2
moles of AgCl are precipitated per
mole of the compound. Write
(i) Structural formula of the
complex.
(ii) IUPAC name of the complex.
b) Using IUPAC norms write the
formulae for the following:
(i) Sodium dicyanidoaurate (I)
(it) Tetraamminechloridonitrito-N-
platinum (IV) sulphate

Q23. For the complex [Fe(en)2Cl2], Cl, (en =

ethylene diamine), identify
(i) the oxidation number of iron,
(ii) the hybrid orbitals and the shape of the
complex,
(iii) the magnetic behaviour of the
complex,
(iv) the number of geometrical isomers,
(v) whether there is an optical isomer also,
and
(vi) name of the complex. (At. no. of Fe =
26

Q24. What is meant by crystal eld splitting

energy? On the basis of crystal eld
theory, write the electronic con guration of
d4 in terms of t2g and eg in an octahedral
eld when
(i) Δ0 > P
(ii) Δ0 < P

CHAPTER 6: HALOALKANE AND

Q25. HALOARENE

Write down the following named

reactions:
1. Gattermann reaction
2. Sandmeyer reaction
3. Swarts reaction.
4. Dows reaction.
5. Wurtz reaction
6. Balz Schiemann reaction
7. Filkenstien reaction
8. Darzen process

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Q26. Account for the following :
(a) The dipole moment of
chlorobenzene is lower than that of
cyclohexyl chloride.
(b) Alkyl halides, though polar, are
immiscible with water.
(c) Grignard’s reagents should be
prepared under anhydrous conditions.
(d) Ethyl iodide undergoes SN2
reaction faster than ethyl bromide.
(e) (±) 2-Butanol is optically inactive.
(f) C—X bond length in halobenzene is
smaller than C—X bond length in CH3
—X
(g) allyl halides are easily hydrolysed
than vinyl halides.
(h) tertiary alkyl halides cannot
undergo SN2 whereas primary cannot
undergo SN1
(h) Why does p-dichlorobenzene have a
higher m.p. than its o- and m-isomers

Q27. a)Predict the order of reactivity of the 3

following compounds in SN1 reaction :
C6H5CH2Br, C6H5C(CH3) (C6H5)Br,
C6H5CH(C6H5)Br, C6H5CH(CH3)Br
b) Arrange the following in increasing
order of boiling point:
(i) CH3CH2CH2CH2Br
(ii) (CH3)3.Br
(iii) (CH3)2C.Br
c) Write the structure of an isomer of
compound C4H9Br which is most reactive
towards SN1 reaction
d) How are the following conversions
carried out?
(i) Benzyl chloride to benzyl alcohol,
(ii) Methyl magnesium bromide to 2-
methyl- propan-2-ol
€ Out of SN1 and SN2, which reaction
occurs with
(a) Inversion of con guration
(b) Racemisation

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Q28. CHAPTER 7 ALCOHOL PHENOL
EITHER

A)Give equations for the following

named reactions :
1.Reimer tiemann reaction

2. Williamson ether synthesis

B)Convert

1. Benzene to phenol

2. Phenol to Acetophenone

3. How are the following

conversions carried out?
(i) Propene to propan-2-ol
(ii) Ethylmagnesium
chloride to propan-1-ol.

4. How are the following

conversions carried out?
(i) Benzyl chloride to benzyl
alcohol,
(ii) Methyl magnesium
bromide to 2-
methylpropan-2-ol.

5. How would you obtain

(i) Picric acid (2, 4, 6-
trinitrophenol) from phenol,
(ii) 2-Methylpropene from
2-methylpropanol?

Q29. A)Differentiate chemically between

following pair of compounds
1. Methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol
2. 2-pentanol and 3- pentanol
3. Benzoic acid and phenol
B) Explain the mechanism of
acid catalysed hydration of an
alkene to form corresponding
alcohol
C) Arrange the following
compounds in the increasing
order of their acid strength: p-
cresol, p-nitrophenol, pheno

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Q30. Explain the following observations :
(i) The boiling point of ethanol is higher
than that of methoxymethane.
(ii) Phenol is more acidic than ethanol.
(iii) o- and p-nitrophenols are more
acidic than phenol.
(iv) Ortho nitrophenol has lower boiling
point than p-nitrophenol. Why ? Or Which
of the following isomers is more volatile :
o-nitrophenol or p-nitrophenol.why?
(V)Alcohols are more soluble in water
than the hydrocarbons of comparable
molecular masses

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Q31. CHAPTER 8 ALDEHYDE KETONE
AND CARBOXYLIC ACID

A) Give a test to distinguish

between
1)propan-2-one and pentan-3-
one.
2) benzoic acid and phenol
3)Propanal and Propanone
4) Acetophenone and
Benzophenone

B) Arrange the following

compounds in increasing order
of their property as indicated :
(i) CH3COCH3, C6H5COCH3,
CH3CHO
(reactivity towards nucleophilic
addition reaction)
(ii) Cl—CH2—COOH, F—CH2—
COOH, CH3—COOH (acidic
character)
C) Write the equations involved in
the following reactions:
(i) Wolff-Kishner reduction
(ii) Etard reaction
(iii) Clemmensen reduction
(iv) Hell-Volhard Zelinsky
reaction
(v) Decarboxylation reaction
vi) Cannizaro reaction
vii) Aldol condensation

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Q32. A)Do the following conversions in not 4
more than two steps:
(i) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde
(ii) Ethyl benzene to Benzoic acid
(iii) Propanone to Propene
(iv) Benzoic acid from ethyl benzene,
(v) Benzaldehyde from toluene

B) Two moles of organic compound ‘A’

on treatment with a strong base gives
two compounds ‘B’ and ‘C’. Compound
‘B’ on dehydrogenation with Cu gives
‘A’ while acidi cation of ‘C’ yields
carboxylic acid ‘D’ with molecular
formula of CH2O2. Identify the
compounds A, B, C and D and write all
chemical reactions involved.

D) (a) How will you carry out the

following conversions?
(i) Acetylene to Acetic acid (ii)
Toluene to m-nitrobenzoic acid
(iii) Ethanol to Acetone
(b) Give reasons :
(i) Chloroacetic acid is stronger
than acetic acid.
(ii) pH of reaction should be
carefully controlled while
preparing ammonia derivatives
of carbonyl compounds.
E) Arrange the following
compounds in an increasing
order of their indicated property

(a) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic

acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-
Methoxybenzoic acid (acid
strength)
(b) ethanal, propanal,
propanone, butanone.
( reactivity in nucleophilic
addition reactions.
CHALTER 9: NITROGEN
CONTAINING COMPOUNDS

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 Q33. A)Write the equa on for the following 5
named reac ons:
1. Gabriel Pthalimide reac on
2. Ho mann Bromamide reac on
3. Carbyl amine reac on
B) Arrange the following compounds in an
increasing order of their solubility in
water : C6H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, C2H5NH2
C) Arrange the following in increasing
order of basic strength :
1. C6H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, C6H5CH2NH2
D) Give the chemical tests to distinguish
between the following pairs of compounds
:
(i) Ethyl amine and Aniline
(ii) Aniline and Benzylamine
(iii)Methylamine and Dimethylamine
(iv) Aniline and N-methylaniline
E) How are the following conversions
carried out?
(i) CH3CH2Cl to CH3CH2CH2NH2
(ii) Benzene to aniline

Q34. GIVE REASON

I)Electrophilic substitution in aromatic
amines takes place more readily than
benzene.
ii) Aniline does not undergo Friedel –
Crafts reaction.
iii) pKb of methylamine is less than that
of aniline.
(ii) CH3CONH2 is weaker base than
CH3CH2NH2
CHAPTER 10 BIOMOLECULES
Q35.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS:

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