Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY2316

Advanced Emergency Service Locator: IoT and

Machine Learning for Efficient Emergency Response
K. Manivannan1 (Professor) Aashish Gurung2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Civil Engineering,
JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University), JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University),
Bangalore, India Bangalore, India

Hitesh Mehta3 Yangchen Sherpa4

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Department of Software Engineering,
JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University), JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University),
Bangalore, India Bangalore, India

Akshara Avasthi5 Kasis Thapa6

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University), JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University),
Bangalore, India Bangalore, India

Yaksh Gupta7
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University),
Bangalore, India

Abstract:- The Emergency Service Locator (ESL) project the-art geolocation technology. At its heart, Emergency
describes a reformed system of emergency response that Service Locator uses advanced geolocation techniques to
uses advanced localization technology. This paper accurately identify emergency incidents. Such technological
presents some essential features of ESL such as exact acumen results in actual reduction in response durations,
identification of incident location, user-friendly interface, which might be critical given that seconds may separate
tracking incidents in real-time and co-ordination between between life and death. The friendly interface of ESL ensures
different agencies. In addition, ESL incorporates two that individuals who are under stressful situations can easily
additional algorithms: one for detecting false emergency access the service during emergencies. This differs from
calls and another for identifying hit-and-run accidents. traditional emergency response systems that often struggle
While greatly improving time management during with complexities thereby delaying prompt and effective
emergencies as well as cooperation among responding assistance.However, the advancement of emergency service
organizations, ESL also poses privacy concerns and locator as a tool puts it in the face of numerous challenges.
exposes the system to cyber-attacks due to its reliance on The keeping of personal data has become a problem because
reliable networks. The adaptability to wearable devices is privacy issues have arisen with the gathering and exploitation
another aspect that makes this system more responsive. of location data. As such, finding an adequate balance
Therefore, it can be stated without any doubt that public between obtaining vital information for a swift response to
safety will be improved significantly through emergencies and protecting individuals’ privacy is
implementation of such like systems but still there are increasingly becoming a complex matter which necessitates
challenges which need continuous improvement so that all nuanced solutions. This makes it more complicated.
people can benefit from them regardless of their abilities Emergency service’s reliance on technology calls for robust
or locations. protection against potential threats. If the emergency service
locator system is to be trusted, it must be able to endure cyber-
I. INTRODUCTION attacks without revealing any of its stored sensitive
information. Hence, continuous efforts within this sphere are
In this era of unusual challenges and fluctuating crises, crucial for strengthening the resistance capacity of the project
the efficiency of emergency services is one thing that has to of the emergency service locator. Emergency service locator
be taken into account since it determines the extent to which takes a leap forward in wearable technology by merging with
a community’s safety is ensured. Emergency Service Locator those gadgets of life around it. In doing so, this significant
represents a breakthrough concept aimed at redefining how step goes beyond traditional boundaries by automating
emergency services are delivered through exploiting state-of- emergency alerts where users may not be able or can fail to

IJISRT24MAY2316 www.ijisrt.com 2892

Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY2316

press them manually. This union between wearables and and machine learning techniques that improve detection
emergency service locators points towards an era in which accuracy.
emergency services are faster acting than ever before and are
more adaptable across different situations that may arise Ms. Vidhi Dave and Prof. Amit Welekar wrote a paper
while delivering them. called "Location-Based Emergency Service: An Android
Application Proposal". It emphasizes their use of Android
II. LITERATURE REVIEW smartphones with GPS to locate where emergencies are
happening, thus there is no need to rely on the internet
The research paper "Smart Car: An IoT Based Accident connection any more. The authors point out that many
Detection System" by Arif Shaik et al. investigates children own smart phones and there is a great need for
extensively on the incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) creative applications which would cater for safety issues
for transportation in order to make sure that motor vehicle especially when it comes to cases of loss or missing people.
safety, communication and emergency response systems are This proposed android application employs text message
enhanced. The rise of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to- (SMS) as a mode of communication between parent and child
Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) devices thereby enabling sharing location details along with
communications paradigms have resulted into Intelligent notification alerts. Researches have partially dealt with this
Transportation Systems (ITS) whose main objective is to subject in line with previous studies on the same topic such
improve traffic management, reduce accidents and improve as missing children tracking by use of GPS and SMS in
emergency responses efficiency. Using smartphone addition to vehicle monitoring through the method named
applications alongside IOT devices as demonstrated by above. These challenges include poor network coverage in
different studies also helps in monitoring conditions of rural areas as well as traffic jams experienced in urban places
vehicles, results into relayed real-time data then sent to cloud hence emphasizing on the importance of coming up with
servers and calls for help from emergency services in case an effective solutions that can be accessed by everybody. The
accident occurs. Applications like these rely on proposed system therefore attempts at solving these problems
accelerometers and GPS sensors that can detect collisions through inclusion of accurate position following means based
hence being able to send exact locations where they happen on GPS technology and text messaging using mobile phones
to relevant authorities. Other earlier studies have mentioned even when network connectivity is limited.In addition, the
live monitoring devices for health related emergencies where software is designed in such a way that it can help solve some
internet enabled gadgets such as wearable nano technology problems of the system. The limitations of the proposed
are used to update hospitals with real time patient statistics system include GPS signal reliability, battery drain, data
paving way for similar implementations on road car accident privacy, scalability, interoperability and accurate emergency
detections.These systems are geared towards the elimination detection algorithms. However, for this particular Android
of intermediary steps during emergency response processes, application concept to work effectively and be relied upon
in order to minimize the time that it takes for help to be during various emergencies more thoughtful explorations are
availed at the scene. In this study therefore, a proposed IoT needed than have been made so far.
based accident detection system builds on these advances by
automating the process of notifying emergency contacts and The paper titled “Web Application for Accident
services through a Raspberry Pi and GPS and accelerometer Emergency in Nearby Hospitals and Donor Locator” by R.
sensors. This paper is significantly limited in relation to IoT Mohanasundaram et al., examines the current scenario of
based accident detection systems. Firstly, GPS signal smartphone applications which help to expedite emergency
reliability poses a challenge particularly for urban settings medical services particularly during road accidents. By
with tall structures or underground areas where signals might advancing in technology, the authors propose a sophisticated
be weak or blocked. Continuing monitoring and web-based solution designed to quickly locate the nearby
communication also pose a danger of emptying the car battery health centers and blood and organ donation processes.
especially when the system functions while the vehicle is Derived from the ground-breaking studies (Kumar, Ouhbi &
potentially off which thereby requires power optimization Mostafa), the study highlights how user-centric interfaces that
solutions. Encryption must be robust while data privacy are seamlessly integrated with social networking sites
including security is a mandatory requirement that enhance donor involvement in healthcare ecosystems. GPS
necessitates strong authentication procedures for access navigation technology and cloud-based databases are some of
prevention against unknown persons as well as tampering the latest developments incorporated into it to make it timely
with anything.Another thing that they must be concerned geographically situated while also enabling end-users to have
about is data privacy and security whereby a robust immediate access to vital medical interventions during
encryption and secure authentication protocols are needed to emergencies. Nonetheless, this paper is not without flaws.
prevent unauthorized access or tampering. In this case, the The paper presents a new promising development in ways of
system should also scale up as well as interoperate with dealing with emergency issues as presented in “Web
different vehicle models while working with established Application for Accident Emergency in Nearby Hospitals and
emergency response systems which leads to standardized Donor Locator”.Seamless integration of contrasting systems
communication protocols. Thereafter, the system has to is hindered by fragmentation and interoperability issues
differentiate between major accidents and minor events in which pose a challenge to the universal access of emergency
order to avoid false alarms by using sophisticated algorithms healthcare services. Not only that, but differences in
geography also widen the gap between the haves and have-

IJISRT24MAY2316 www.ijisrt.com 2893

Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY2316

nots resulting in variances in service delivery thereby vehicle to arrive at the scene and get to the hospital promptly
necessitating unique approaches for dealing with varying without wasting any time.In the system architecture, there are
local contexts. The main concerns are centered on data three interconnected units that are responsible for accident
privacy and security as a result; there is need to have strong detection and location transmission; these units include the
encryption protocols and tight authentication mechanisms to Vehicle Unit which is charged with responsibility of detecting
protect vulnerable patient details. This has been further accidents and Android applications. It coordinates ambulance
compounded by limited empirical research into the dispatches and traffic signal control. Traffic unit manages
effectiveness or real-world impact of these applications, thus traffic signal responses to ambulance proximity. Despite the
needing wide-ranging evaluation devices alongside fact that this ITLS proposal has substantial potential in
interdisciplinary partnerships aimed at bridging existing improving emergency response efficiency, there are a number
knowledge gaps and facilitating comprehensive technological of limitations to be considered as well. Among them are
solutions to address emergency health settings’ multi- difficulties connected with WSN scalability and reliability
dimensional challenges. especially in densely populated urban areas with high
vehicular densities and complicated traffic patterns.
In the study titled "Review Paper on Cloud-Based Furthermore GSM messaging for communication between
Emergency Response System" by Suhas Chavan et al., the vehicles and the control center may also cause delays during
author examines how technology and emergency peak usage periods, thereby undermining response time.
management meet at a point, particularly on Cloud-based Additionally, effectiveness of this system may depend on
Emergency Response System with QR Code Integration. This weather conditions including interference factors like signal
creative project is expected to change how crucial individual blockage occurrence through events such as stormy weather
information can be accessed during emergencies and road or rain fall as well as maintenance of infrastructure. Further
accidents in particular. Traditional emergency response research is needed to address these limitations and validate
systems often face difficulties in rapid data retrieval and the system’s performance across diverse operational
dissemination making it necessary for a game-changing scenarios before widespread implementation. Similarly,
approach. The project seeks to redefine information further work is required to alleviate these concerns in order to
accessibility during emergencies through a comprehensive substantiate the adequacy of this scheme under various
platform leveraging cloud computing, secure authentication operating circumstances ahead of its extensive deployment.
methods, and QR code technology. Its main objective is to
improve the efficiency of emergency response by providing III. LITERATURE SUMMARY
seamless inputting and storage of critical information for
users using an error-free process which can be reached very Shaik et al. (2016) carried out a study on the
fast by the responders or relevant authorities as employment of IoT in accident detection systems to improve
well.However, the study is still faced with significant vehicle security and emergency response systems in
challenges and limitations, despite promising advancements. transportation. The article explains how V2V, V2I and V2X
Fragmentation as well as lack of interoperability is a communication paradigms are significant for Intelligent
challenge in providing emergency healthcare universally Transportation Systems (ITS), as well as highlights the
while data privacy and security necessarily require strong efficiency of smartphone applications and IoT gadgets in real-
encryption protocols and authentication mechanisms like time data relay and emergency alerts. The proposed system
these. Besides, there is dearth of empirical studies that assess uses Raspberry Pi, GPS, and accelerometer sensors to do
efficiency of the system necessitating rigorous evaluation automatic notifications during emergencies; though there are
methods and interdisciplinary collaboration for addressing weaknesses like poor signal from GPS, battery drainage,
gaps in knowledge that exist at present with a view to privacy of data, scalability and false positive detection.
developing all-round technologically driven solutions to the
complex challenges experienced in emergency care facilities. A Location Based Emergency Services Android
Application Using GPS Without Internet Connectivity is an
Mr. S. Iyyappan et al.’s study “Automatic Accident article by Dave & Welekar (2009) that proposes an android
Detection and Ambulance Rescue with Intelligent Traffic application for location-based emergency services using
Light System” introduces an original approach that employs smartphones and GPS technology to track real time locations
contemporary technologies to mitigate the impacts of car without internet connectivity. This can be achieved through
crashes, mainly targeting to minimize traffic jams that slow use of SMS communication which is very accessible even in
down emergency vehicles such as ambulances. The planned areas with limited network coverage. Alongside the need for
system whose operation is based on Wireless Sensor accurate emergency detection algorithms, the paper
Networks (WSN) is meant to revolutionize traffic acknowledged challenges such as network limitations and
management by having smart control systems on traffic lights battery drain, along with the need for accurate emergency
which will enable uninterrupted passage of ambulances. Both detection algorithms.
intrusive and non-intrusive sensor nodes used in this system
are situated at the roadside for early accident identification The authors of Mohanasundaram et al. (2015)
purposes before being relayed to a central processing unit. emphasize the importance of real-time medical assistance in
The center coordinates with nearby ambulances and road accidents, and they focus on a web application for
communicates with traffic signals using radio frequency accident emergencies and donor location. Their proposed
transmission, thereby securing an unimpeded path for the solution is an integration of GPS navigation and cloud-based

IJISRT24MAY2316 www.ijisrt.com 2894

Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY2316

databases that offers geographically tailored information to data privacy, false positive detections, scalability problems
users. Nevertheless, significant obstacles remain as that could affect interoperability.
fragmentation, interoperability, data privacy and security.
To overcome these challenges we propose an Integrated
In Chavan et al.(2016), the authors reviewed a cloud- Emergency Response Platform (IERP) which incorporates
based emergency response system with QR code integration cutting-edge components as well as approaches to solve them.
which aimed at improving data accessibility during The IERP is designed to improve the effectiveness and
emergencies. However, there are still fragmentation issues to efficiency of emergency response through employing IoT
tackle as well as data privacy challenges among others like devices with advanced sensors, applying machine learning
the efficacy evaluation of the system. algorithms, using cloud computing infrastructure as well as
encryption protocols plus standardized communication
Iyyappan et al.(2014) propose an intelligent traffic light protocols. In addition, community engagement features
system for automatic accident detection and ambulance encourage active citizen involvement in responding to
rescue. WSNs is used by this system for prompt accident emergencies thereby facilitating situational awareness and
identification and ambulance dispatch coordination together coordination.
with traffic signal control. The limitations include scalability
issues; reliability of WSN infrastructure; delays in GSM Over and above, the recommended IERP is a
messaging; environmental factors. comprehensive way of dealing with the complex emergencies
that come with emergency response. The IERP seeks to
Consequently, these studies highlight major barriers that change in entirety how an emergency situation is managed
need to be addressed as part of any technology driven through technology and community participation for the
intervention in emergency response systems. safety and welfare of an individual in crisis. However, more
studies are needed to improve on this system further and test
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM it across various operational scenarios before it is rolled out
widely.
The Emergency Service Locator (ESL) is a fine-tuned
technology which aims to bridge the gaps in the current REFERENCES
emergency response systems by incorporating advanced IoT
devices, cloud computing, and community participation. It’s [1]. Mohanasundaram, R., Arun, R., Jothi, K.R., Malhotra,
made up of sensors like gyroscopes, accelerometers and GPS A., Gopinath, M.P., & Lokeshkumar, R. (2019). Web
modules that detect and analyze vehicle collisions, giving application for Accident Emergency in Nearby
real-time accident intensity and location. Accident Hospitals and Donor Locator. Biosci. Biotech. Res.
classification based on severity using machine learning Comm. Special Issue, 12(1), March.
algorithms such as decision trees, random forests and neural [2]. Dave, V., & Welekar, A. (2015). Design of an Android
networks optimizes resource allocation while reducing false Application to provide Emergency Service.
positives. Fake calls are filtered out through assessing impact International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends
of the accidents hence a user-specific timer helps cancel false in Computing and Communication, 3(3), 1484-1488.
alarms; also this system uses sensor data to analyze hit-and- ISSN: 2321-8169.
run cases thus assisting in identification and tracking of [3]. Shaik, A., Bowen, N., Bole, J., Kunzi, G., Bruce, D.,
offenders. Cloud infrastructure offers data storage and Abdelgawad, A., & Yelamarthi, K. (2019). Smart Car:
processing with encryption algorithms like AES or RSA An IoT Based Accident Detection System.
providing data integrity security. Standardized [4]. Chavan, S., Nigade, V., & Rajwal, S. (2013). Review
communication protocols (MQTT) together with RESTful Paper on Cloud-Based Emergency Response System.
APIs will enable smooth integration into existing emergency [5]. Iyyappan, S., & Nandagopal, V. (2013). Automatic
systems. Also, citizens can use mobile applications to report Accident Detection and Ambulance Rescue with
emergencies or volunteer as first responders thereby Intelligent Traffic Light System. International Journal
enhancing situation awareness and response coordination of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and
through social media integration. Instrumentation Engineering, 2(4), 1319.
[6]. A. John and P. R. Nishanth, “Real-time embedded
V. CONCLUSION system for accident prevention, “ International
Conference of Electronics, Communication, and
The literature review concludes with a summary of the Aerospace Technology (ICECA), pp. 645-648, 2017.
highlights of important improvements and barriers in a [7]. H. N. Saha, N. F. Raun, and M. Saha, “Monitoring
variety of emergency response systems such as IoT-based patient’s health with smart ambulance system using
accident detection, Android applications for emergency the Internet of Things( IOTs), “8th Annual Industrial
services, web applications for medical emergencies, cloud- Automation and Electromechanical Engineering
based emergency response systems and intelligent traffic light Conference (IEMECON), pp. 91-95, 2027.
systems. Although these studies demonstrate how technology
can be used to enhance the efficiency of emergency response,
they also highlight various challenges like GPS signals
dependability and battery usage, security issues related to

IJISRT24MAY2316 www.ijisrt.com 2895

Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY2316

[8]. S. Kumar, D. Akash, K Murali, R. Shriram, “Call

Ambulance Smart Elderly Monitoring System with
Nearest Ambulance Detection using Android and
Bluetooth” ,Second International Conference on
Science Technology Engineering and
management(ICONSTEM), 2016.
[9]. R. Ghandour, A. Victorino, M. Doumiati, and A.
Charara, “Tire/road friction coefficient estimation
applied to road safety” , 18th Mediterranean
Conference on Control & Automation, pp 1485-1490,
June 2010.
[10]. D. Shanahan, “ Human Tolerance and Crash
Survivability” , RTO HFM lecture Series, pp 6-1-6-16,
Nov 2004.

IJISRT24MAY2316 www.ijisrt.com 2896