1

1 Dilute sulfuric acid is electrolysed using the apparatus shown in the diagram.

power
supply

+ – inert electrodes

dilute sulfuric acid

(a) State what is meant by the term electrolysis.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Explain why inert electrodes are used.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Name the products formed at each electrode.

negative electrode ...........................................................................................................

positive electrode ............................................................................................................ [2]

(d) Write an ionic half-equation for the reaction at the negative electrode.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

2 Electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride using inert electrodes forms chlorine.

(a) What is meant by the term electrolysis?

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
 2

(b) Name a substance that can be used as the inert electrodes.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Write an ionic half-equation for the formation of hydrogen during this electrolysis.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Give the formulae of the four ions present in concentrated aqueous sodium chloride.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(e) Explain how sodium hydroxide is formed during this electrolysis.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

3 Metal objects can be electroplated with silver.

(a) Describe how a metal spoon can be electroplated with silver.

Include:
● what to use as the positive electrode and as the negative electrode
● what to use as the electrolyte
● an ionic half-equation to show the formation of silver.

You may include a diagram in your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

ionic half-equation ............................................................................................................ [4]

 3

(b) Give one reason why metal spoons are electroplated with silver.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

4 Copper is refined (purified) by electrolysis. Nickel can be refined using a similar method.

(a) The diagram shows the refining of nickel by electrolysis.

Complete the labels in the boxes.

power
supply

+ –
anode made of cathode made of
.......................................... ..........................................

electrolyte of
..........................................

[3]

(b) Indicate, by writing N on the diagram, where nickel is produced. [1]

[Total: 4]

5 Magnesium cannot be produced by electrolysis of aqueous magnesium chloride using inert

electrodes.

(a) Name the product formed at the negative electrode (cathode) during the electrolysis of aqueous
magnesium chloride.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Suggest how magnesium can be produced from magnesium chloride by electrolysis.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

6 The table gives information about the products of the electrolysis of two electrolytes. Platinum
electrodes are used in each case.
 4

(a) Give two reasons why platinum is suitable to use as an electrode.

1.........................................................................................................................................

2......................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Complete the table.

observation name of product observation name of product

electrolyte
at the anode (+) at the anode (+) at the cathode (−) at the cathode (−)

concentrated
bubbles of
aqueous
colourless gas
potassium chloride

aqueous bubbles of
copper(II) sulfate colourless gas

[6]

[Total: 8]

7 A student electrolyses aqueous copper(II) sulfate using the apparatus shown.

power supply

+ –
carbon electrodes

aqueous
copper(II) sulfate

Oxygen gas forms at the positive electrode (anode).

(a) Describe what the student observes at the negative electrode.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Give two other observations which the student makes during the electrolysis.

1.........................................................................................................................................

2......................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]
 5

8 Deduce the charge on the iron ion in each of these compounds.

FeF3 ........................................................................................................................................

Fe(NO3)3 ................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

9 Solutions of ionic compounds can be broken down by electrolysis.

Concentrated aqueous copper(II) chloride was electrolysed using the apparatus shown.

power
supply

– +

cathode made anode made

of platinum of platinum

concentrated aqueous
copper(II) chloride

The ionic half-equations for the reactions at the electrodes are shown.
2+ –
negative electrode: Cu (aq) + 2e → Cu(s)
– –
positive electrode: 2Cl (aq) → Cl2(g) + 2e

(a) Platinum is a solid which is a good conductor of electricity.

State one other property of platinum which makes it suitable for use as electrodes.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State what would be seen at the positive electrode during this electrolysis.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 6

(c) State and explain what would happen to the mass of the negative electrode during this
electrolysis.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) The concentrated aqueous copper(II) chloride electrolyte is green.

Suggest what would happen to the colour of the electrolyte during this electrolysis.
Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(e) Identify the species that is oxidised during this electrolysis.

Explain your answer.

species that is oxidised .....................................................................................................

explanation .......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

10 Displacement reactions are redox reactions.

On the following equation, draw a ring around the reducing agent and an arrow to show
the change which is oxidation.
2+ 2+
Zn + Pb → Zn + Pb

[2]

[Total: 2]

11 Lead is formed when red lead oxide, Pb3O4, is heated with carbon.

Pb3O4 + 4C → 3Pb + 4CO

Explain how this equation shows that Pb3O4 has been reduced.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

12 Indigo is a blue dye.

 7

When an alkaline solution of indigo undergoes reduction, it turns colourless.

(a) What is meant by the term reduction?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A piece of white cloth is soaked in the colourless solution.

When the cloth is left in the air it turns blue.

What type of chemical reaction occurs?

Draw a circle around the correct answer.

decomposition fermentation oxidation polymerisation

[1]

[Total: 2]

13 The equations below all show redox reactions.

Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2

2ZnO + C 2Zn + CO2

Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Fe

2CO + 2NO 2CO2 + N2

Which oxide is oxidised in these reactions?

A Fe2O3 B CO C ZnO D NO
[1]

[Total: 1]

14 Ammonia, NH3, is used to produce nitric acid, HNO3. This happens in a three-stage process.

Stage 1 is a redox reaction.

4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O

(a) Identify what is oxidised in stage 1.

Give a reason for your answer.

substance oxidised .........................................................................................................

reason .............................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
 8

(b) In this reaction the predicted yield of NO is 512 g. The actual yield is 384 g.

Calculate the percentage yield of NO in this reaction.

percentage yield of NO = .................................. [1]

(c) The equation for the reaction in stage 2 is shown.

2NO + O2 → 2NO2

Which major environmental problem does NO2 cause if it is released into the atmosphere?

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) The equation for the reaction in stage 3 is shown.

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 → 4HNO3

Calculate the volume of O2 gas, at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.), needed to produce
1260 g of HNO3.
Use the following steps.

• Calculate the number of moles of HNO3.

moles of HNO3 = ...................................

• Deduce the number of moles of O2 that reacted.

moles of O2 = ........................................

• Calculate the volume of O2 gas that reacts at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

3
volume of O2 gas = .................................... dm [4]
 9

(e) The reaction in stage 3 is exothermic.

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 → 4HNO3

Complete the energy level diagram for this reaction. Include an arrow that clearly shows the
energy change during the reaction.

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2
energy

progress of reaction

[3]

[Total: 11]

15 Iron(II) sulfate can be converted to iron(III) sulfate by potassium manganate(VII) at room

temperature.

(a) What is the role of potassium manganate(VII) in this reaction?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) What condition must be used for this reaction to occur?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) In terms of electron transfer, what happens to the iron(II) ions in this reaction?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) State the colour change seen during this reaction.

from purple to .................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 4]

16 Iron can be obtained by heating iron(III) oxide with zinc powder.

Fe2O3 + 3Zn → 2Fe + 3ZnO

 10

(a) What can be deduced about the reactivity of zinc from this reaction?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The ionic equation for this reaction is shown.

3+ 2+
2Fe + 3Zn → 2Fe + 3Zn

Identify the oxidising agent in this reaction.

Explain your answer in terms of electron transfer.

oxidising agent ..................................................................................................................

explanation .......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

17 Barium can be extracted by heating barium oxide with aluminium.

4BaO + 2Al → 3Ba + BaAl2O4

How does this equation show that barium oxide gets reduced?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

18 The rate of a photochemical reaction is affected by light.

(a) The decomposition of silver bromide is the basis of film photography. This is a redox reaction.

2AgBr 2Ag + Br2

→
cream black

– –
step 1 2Br → Br2 + 2e

+ –
step 2 Ag + e → Ag

(i) Which step is reduction? Explain your answer.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Which ion is the oxidising agent? Explain your answer.

................................................................................................................................ [1]
 11

(b) A piece of white paper was coated with silver bromide and exposed to the light. Sections of
the paper were covered as shown in the diagram.

paper coated with

silver bromide

not covered

covered with
thin paper

covered with
thick card

Predict the appearance of the different sections of the paper after exposure to the light and
the removal of the card. Explain your predictions.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 6]

19 The structure of glycolic acid is shown below.

H O
H C C

O O H
H

Glycolic acid can be prepared by the reduction of oxalic acid.

(a) What does the term reduction mean?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 12

(b) Give the name of the reducing agent in the following reaction.

2CuO(s) + C(s) 2Cu(s) + CO2(g)

name of reducing agent .................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]
3
20 A sample of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, has a concentration of 0.75 mol / dm .
3
Calculate the concentration of sulfuric acid in g / dm .

3
............................... g / dm [2]

[Total: 2]

21 A compound contains 85.7% carbon and 14.3% hydrogen by mass.

(a) Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.

Show your working.

................................................. [2]

(b) The molecular mass of the compound is 112.

Calculate the molecular formula of this compound.

................................................. [1]

[Total: 3]

22 A student wanted to find the concentration of some dilute sulfuric acid by titration. The student
3 3 3
found that 25.0 cm of 0.0400 mol / dm NaOH(aq) reacted exactly with 20.0 cm of H2SO4(aq).

(a) Name a suitable indicator to use in this titration.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 13

3
(b) Calculate the concentration of the H2SO4(aq) in mol / dm using the following steps.
3
• Calculate the number of moles of NaOH in 25.0 cm .

moles = .................................
3
• Deduce the number of moles of H2SO4 that reacted with the 25.0 cm of NaOH(aq).

moles = .................................
3
• Calculate the concentration of H2SO4(aq) in mol / dm .

3
concentration = ......................... mol / dm [3]
3 3
(c) Calculate the concentration of the 0.0400 mol / dm NaOH(aq) in g / dm .

3
concentration = ............................. g / dm [2]

[Total: 6]

23 The equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is shown.

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(I) + O2(g)

3 3
25.0 cm of aqueous hydrogen peroxide forms 48.0 cm of oxygen at room temperature and pressure
(r.t.p.).
 14

(a) Calculate the concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide at the start of the experiment using
the following steps.

• Calculate the number of moles of oxygen formed.

........................................ mol

• Deduce the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide that decomposed.

........................................ mol
3
• Calculate the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in mol / dm .

3
..................................mol / dm [3]

(b) Oxygen can also be produced by the decomposition of potassium chlorate(V), KClO3.

The only products of this decomposition are potassium chloride and oxygen.

Write a chemical equation for this decomposition.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]
 15

24 PCl5 reacts with lithium fluoride, LiF, to form LiPF6.

PCl5 + 6LiF → LiPF6 + 5LiCl

Calculate the mass of LiF needed to form 3.04 g of LiPF6 using the following steps.

• Calculate the number of moles of LiPF6 formed.

[Mr: LiPF6, 152]

number of moles = .........................................

• Deduce the number of moles of LiF needed.

number of moles = .........................................

• Calculate the mass of LiF needed.

mass = ................................ g [3]

[Total: 3]