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Chapter 3 Outline

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37 views4 pages

Chapter 3 Outline

Uploaded by

nisanorafiqah2704
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 3

Research Methodology

3.1 Introduction

This chapter discusses the methodology used in this research. Discussion


includes the research design, population and sampling, questionnaire design, data
collection and data analyses methods.

3.2 Research Design

This study is a descriptive study and the investigation is correlational as it


focuses on the relationship between variables. This study is a field study as the study is
carried out in noncontrived settings with minimal interference from the researcher. Data
is only collected once, hence the time horizon is cross-sectional. The unit of analysis is
the individual student of UiTM KBM.

3.3 Population and Sample

The population for this study is ……………… which is made up of ……..


elements. There is a population frame, however, as the students are currently not on
campus, the sampling technique will be purposive to ensure that we get the targeted
respondents.

As there are 6 groups in the class, each group will be responsible to obtain 10
respondents each and there would be a total of 60 respondents.

3.4 Measurement of variables

The questionnaire contains …3….. sections. Section A is made up of ….items on


the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Section B is made up of …… items
testing the dependent variable. Section C contains items related to the independent
variables. Table 3.1 gives a summary of the items used in the questionnaire.

Table 3.1 Questionnaire Design

Sections No of items Source/s Scale

A / Demographic -- Nominal
Data

B/ Dependent Likert Scale


variable
(1= Strongly
Disagree to 5
Strongly Agree)

C/ Independent 7 Lee & Chan, 2021 Likert Scale


variable (Social
isolation) Daniel et al., 2020 (1= Strongly
Disagree to 5
Strongly Agree)

3.5 Data collection methods

Questionnaires are prepared as Google forms with online link. The link is then
shared with respondents. Respondents are given one week to complete and return
forms. Once the target number is met, the link will be deactivated.

3.6 Data analyses methods

Analysis is the application of reasoning to understand about a subject. The


procedure of data analysis may involve determining consistent patterns and
summarizing the appropriate details revealed by the study. The process of data analysis
begins after all data is obtained from the respondents. After the questionnaire collection
was completed, the data will be coded before it is analysed. The Statistical Package for
Social Science (SPSS) for Windows was used to analyse the data and obtain answers
for the research questions. For this research, using SPSS for Windows, researcher
conducted the Reliability analysis, Descriptive Analysis, Frequency Distribution Analysis,
Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression.

3.6.1 Frequency Distribution

The frequency distribution is used by researcher to understand the respondent profiles


which describes the frequency characteristics of the respondents. The attributes of each
category were analysed by using descriptive statistics which shows frequencies and
percentage.

3.6.2 Descriptive Analysis

Descriptive analysis is a summarization of the data set that indicates the basic features
of data in the research. The summary of the data or measures obtained can be
visualized through figures and graphical analysis. These descriptive statistics also can
be obtained by measure of central tendency such as the mean scores and as well as the
standard deviation. SPSS is used to analyse the data obtained from the respondents.
Table 3.2 shows the range of mean score level.

Table 3-2 Mean Score Level


Level Mean Score
Low 1.00 – 2.33
Moderate 2.34 – 3.67
High 3.68 – 5.00
Source: Sekaran & Bougie (2013)

3.6.3 Reliability Analysis

Reliability test is done with the purpose of checking whether the data obtained from the
survey is reliable or not for the study. The reliability of measures indicates the extent to
which it is without error and hence ensures consistent measurement across time and
across the various items in the instrument.

Cronbach’s alpha tests to see if multiple-questions based on the Likert scale are reliable.
There were certain variables that are very difficult to measure. Thus, the Cronbach’s
alpha test will tell the researcher if the test that they have designed is accurately
measuring the variable of interest.

Table 3-3 Cronbach’s Alpha

Cronbach’s Alpha Internal Consistency


α ≥ 0.9 Excellent
0.9 > α ≥ 0.8 Good
0.8 > α ≥ 0.7 Acceptable
0.7 > α ≥ 0.6 Questionable
0.6 > α ≥ 0.5 Poor
0.5 > α Unacceptable
Source: (Tavakol & Dennick, 2011)

3.6.4 Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Pearson correlation coefficient is used to measure the direction, strength and


significance of association among all the variables in the study.

Table 3.4 shows the interpretation of the Pearson’s correlation coefficient that shows the
strength of association that exists between each independent variable and dependent
variable.

Table 3.5.3: Pearson’s Correlation

R Strength of Relationship

< 0.20 Almost negligible


0.20 – 0.39 Low correlations; definite but small relationship
0.40 – 0.69 Moderate correlation with; substantial relationship
0.70 – 0.89 High correlation; marked relationship
>0.90 Very high correlation; very dependable relationship
Source: Guilford’s Law (1973)

3.6.5 Multiple Regression Analysis

Multiple regression indicates the relationship whether the independent variables are able

to affect/influence the dependent variable. Besides that, it will show which independent

variable are had the strongest influence on the independent variable.

3.7 Summary

This chapter discussed the methods used to conduct this research and collect the data.
The techniques of data analysis is also discussed.

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