INFORMATICS PRACTICS

(065)

Artificial Intelligence
Project File
(Session: 2022-23)
FOR
CLASS-XI
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Aashi Nagiya Mr. Manish Agarwal Sir
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

 Artificial Intelligence is an umbrella term.

 Artificial Intelligence means a “MAN-MADE” thinking power/capacity.
 Artificial Intelligence means “NON-NATURAL” thinking power.
 Artificial Intelligence exist where, a machine can have human based skill such as-learning,
reasoning and solving problems.

[ Sir John McCarthy is the father of Artificial Intelligence ]

According to the sir John, Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making
intelligent machines.
OR
Artificial Intelligence is an intelligent machine mainly created by human intelligence
thinking power as human brain in the machines.

GOALS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

1) To create a expert system:
The system which holds intelligent behavior, learn, explain and advice like humans.\

2) To implement human intelligence in machines:

Creating a system that can understand, think, behave and learn like humans.

APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

 There are different applications in various fields of Artificial Intelligence, such as:
1. Intelligent Robots
2. Expert machines/systems
3. Online gaming
4. Natural language Processing (NLP)
5. Speech recognition
6. Pattern recognition
7. Handwriting recognition
 ADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
 Following are the different types of advantages of Artificial Intelligence:
1. Digital assistance
2. High speed
3. High level reliability
4. Useful for public utilities
5. Very less error in calculation or processing
6. High level of accuracy
7. Useful for dangerous works and risky areas

BRANCHES OR SUB-FIELDS OF ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE
 As per the definition, Artificial Intelligence is the umbrella term. There are many branches
and sub-fields of Artificial Intelligence, like:
1. Artificial Intelligence
2. Deep learning
3. Machine learning

MACHINE LAERNING
 Machine learning is a system that can learn from example through self-improvement.
 Machine gives the computer system that makes it more similar to humans, the ability to
learn.

Machine learning process

ANSWER MACHINE
LEARNING RULES
DATA
 USES OR APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE LEARNING
 There are various fields or applications where Machine learning can be applied:
1. Weather for caste or prediction.
2. Medical diagnosis.
3. Virtual personal assistant.
4. Traffic prediction.
5. Speech recognition.
6. Location detactor.
7. Self-driving/Automobiles.
8. ALT (Automobile language translator)
9. Textures/Pattern/Image recognition.

HOW THE MACHINE LEARNING WORK

We can explain the Machine learning process or its working with the help of the following
diagram:

Regression
Supervised
Machine learning

learning Classification
Unsupervised
lerning
Clustering

As per the above diagram the process of Machine learning can be explained with the help of
these three parts:
1. Regression
2. Classification
3. Clustering

1) Regression = Regression is a technique which predict continuous responses, changes

in weather.
 2) Classification = Classification is a technique which predict discrete responses like
email (spam and genuine).

3) Clustering = Clustering is a most common unsupervised learning techniques that is

used for explain data analyzing to find the hidden pattern or grouping the different
types of data.

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)

 Natural language processing is a way of computer to analyzing, understanding and drive
the meaning from a human language such as: Hindi, English, German, French.
OR
 Natural language processing is a technology that is used by machine to understand,
analyzing , manipulating or interpreted the human language.

COMPONENTS OF NATURAL LANGUAGE

PROCESSING
 There are 2 main components of Natural language processing:

1) NLU (Natural Language Understanding)

2) NLG (Natural Language Generation)

ADVANTAGES OF NLP
1. NLP is a very time efficient technology.
2. NLP offers exact or correct answer of each one question.
3. NLP helps to get the direct response within a second.
4. NLP helps us to communicate with the human in their own language.
5. NLP offers to improve the efficiency of the documentation process, accuracy from large
database.
 APPLICATION OF NLP
1. Machine translation
2. Speech recognition
3. Spelling correction/recognition
4. Question recognition
5. Spam detection
6. Chatbot

AUGMENTATION REALITY
 Augmentation Reality enhancing every day in our daily life in the form of different
technology.
 Augmentation Reality use one or more technology linked together in an immersive
experiences , pulls a person into a new augmented reality.

 The three pillars of immersive experiences are :-

1. Visual Quality
2. Sound Quality
3. Intuitive Interactions
 Full immersion can only be achieved by simultaneously applied to above three.

HOW DOES AUGMENTED REALITY WORK?

 In augmented reality it involves technology in life simulation, depth tracking,
calculating distance and the following components :-

1. Camera and Sensors

2. Projection

3. Reflection

APPLICATIONS OF AUGMENTED REALITY

1) The most popular application of augmented reality is online gaming.

2) Another important application of augmented reality is retail chain, and online

marketing for promoting the new product for improving the sale.
 VIRTUAL REALITY
 Virtual reality is used for computer to create a simulated environment.
 Virtual reality places the user inside and experience instead of viewing the screen user
are immersed and able to interact with 3-D world or objects.

HOW THE VIRTUAL REALITY WORK?

 Every headset is used to perfect their approach to creating an immersive 3-D
environment, every headset puts up a screen in front of eyes, eliminating any reaction
with the real world to auto-focus on lens are generally placed between our screens and
eyes that adjust is based on individual eye moment and positioning.

 The visuals on the screens are rendered either by using a mobile phone or the SDMI
cable connected to a laptop or PC. A frame rate is minimum 60 frame per sec (FPS)
and equally frame refresh rate and maximum field of view (FOV) required.

APPLICATIONS OF VIRTUAL REALITY

1. Tourism
2. Health care
3. Education
4. Real state/ Architecture
5. Gambling
6. Online marketing and promotion
7. Research and science development

BIG DATA
 Big data is a data with a huge size and volume and yet growing expentially with time.

 We can also say the big data is so large and complex that of the traditionally
management tools are able to store ot, or crosses it properly and efficiently.
 BENEFITS OF BIG DATA
1. Improve Customer Servicing
2. Better Operational Efficiency
3. Early identification of any product for its risk or service
4. Business can utilize outside intelligence while taking decisions.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BIG DATA

 Following are the different characteristics of big data in the form of 4 V:-

1. VOLUME: - The name big data itself related to a size which is enormous.

2. VELOCITY: - Speed of generation of the big data. How fast the data is
generated and processed.

3. VARIABILITY: - This refers to the inconsistency which can be shown by the

data at the time.

4. VARIETY: - Variety refers to homogeneous source and the nature of the data,
the both can be structured and unstructured. This variety of unstructured data
occur certain issues for storage, mining and analyzing the data.

INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

 The IOT concept was initially processed by the number of Integrated/International

Functional requirements Documents (IFRD) in 1999, now it become more relavent to
the practical world as the use of mobile device, communication, cloud computing and
data analysis have increased.

 Internet connects all people means “Internet of peoples” (‘IOP’).

 The Internet connects all things means “Internet of Things” (‘IOT’).

 Internet of things (IOT) technology can include any sensor, electronic devices or
software which are connected to the internet and can be utilize remotely.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNET OF THINGS
1. Very large scale
2. Heterogeneously
3. Pervasively

APPLICATIONS OF INTERNET OF THINGS

1. Smart Gas
2. Smart and Secure house
3. Delivery drones
4. Disaster Warning

IOT PLATFORM
 IOT Platform is an integrated service which offers the things to bring physical objects
online.
 IOT Platform easily allowed to configure device for machine to machine
communication through millions of devices connects simultaneously.
 In IOT Platform sensors are very useful and important for the related devices in order
to fetch the data.
 The data can be real time which includes the current temperature, pressure or
humidity.

LIST OF SENSORS
 Following are the most common sensors in IOT devices :-
1. Optical Sensor
2. Gas Sensor
3. Fire Sensor
4. Smoke Sensor
5. Temperature Sensor
6. Pressure Sensor
 TYPES OF IOT PLATFORM
1. IOT Cloud Computing
2. Data Platform
3. End-to-end IOT Platform
4. Connectivity IOT Platform

CLOUD COMPUTING
 Cloud Computing refers to internet or the network or present at the remote location.
 It refers to the remote access of hardware/software resources for accessing the
configuration and manipulation.
 Cloud Computing also refers to online data storage, infrastructure and various types of
application.
 Application such as-Customer Relationship Management (CRM).
 Email, video conferencing, web conferencing that is executed in the cloud platform.
 Such type of application can work on the both type of network, i.e. public and private.
Like, [LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN]

MODELS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

PUBLIC CLOUD
(FOR GENERAL PUBLIC)

PRIVATE CLOUD
(FOR AN ORGANISATION)
DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNITY CLOUD
MODEL (FOR A GROUP OF COMPANIES OR ORGANISATION)
MODELS OF
CLOUD HYBRID CLOUD
COMPUTING (IT IS A MIXTURE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CLOUD)

SERVICE MODEL

SOFTWARE MODEL
INFRASTRUCTURE MODEL PLATFORM MODEL
 USES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
 Following are the area which uses Cloud Computing: -
1. Host Website and Vlogs
2. Software Delivery on demand
3. Stream Audio and Video
4. Create new application services
5. Store backup& Recover data

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CLOUD COMPUTING
PRIVATE CLOUD COMPUTING PRIVATE CLOUD COMPUTING

1 Support connectivity over the internet. Support connectivity over the internet or the
. private network.
2 Utilize shared infrastructure. Utilize own infrastructure.
.
3 Support multiple customer. Support single/1 customer.
.
4 Fixed cost. Variable cost.
.
5 Cheaper than private cloud. Costly as compared to public cloud.
.
6 Required higher level of security. Required medium level of security.
.

SERVICE MODELS
 Following are the different types of service models :-
1. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
2. PaaS (Platform as a Service)
3. SaaS (Software as a Service)

I. IaaS = IaaS provides a completely virtualize computer infrastructure, that is managed

over the internet. In IaaS provider manage the physical end of the infrastructure in a
data structure.
For ex= Microsoft Assure
Amazing Web Service (AWS)
Google Computing Engine (GCE)
 II. PaaS= PaaS is extremely helpful for any company that develops software and
communication. By using PaaS customer can be access the development tools when
they needed The platform is accessible over the internet, remote development team,
etc can access the same assets to speed up the product development.
For ex= Google App Engine
Microsoft Assure, etc….

III. SaaS= SaaS is a fully develop software solution, ready for purchase on use over the
internet on the subscription basis. SaaS provides a manage infrastructure operating
system, middleware and data necessary to deliver the program. Many SaaS
application run directly through the web browser. SaaS gently reduce the software
management issues for internal IT Teams.
For ex= MS. Office
CISCO WebEx
Google Apps

BLOCK CHAIN
 Block Chain technology refers to the transparent, trust less, publicity accessible ledger
that allow us to security transfer the ownership of value using public key encryption
and prove of work method.

OR
 Block chain technology is simply defined as a distributed ledger that records the of a
digital assets.
 The potential for block chain technology is not limited to bitcoin, such as- it has
gained a lot of attention in a variety of industries like:-
1. Financial Services
2. Charities (NGOs)
3. Non-Profitable Organization (NPO)

 We can also improve arts and e-commerce area in this series.

 BLOCK CHAIN DIAGRAM

A transaction is required

This transaction is broadcast

to pear to pear network.

Note validates the transaction This new block is added to

using algorithm and validate user the block chain
status. permanently.

Verified
This transaction is combined
transaction hold cry to
with other transaction to
currency and user records.
build a block.