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Informatics Practices

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9 views9 pages

Informatics Practices

Uploaded by

nagiyaaashik
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INFORMATICS PRACTICES

(065)

Unit-1
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Project File
(Session: 2024-25)
For
Class 11th
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Saran Nagiya Manish Agarwal
COMPUTER SYSTEM

 Computer is a machine or an electronic machine to perform a task


named as Computer.

 A computer is a machine who can perform arithmetical and logical


operations.

 A computer system is an electronic device under the system of


instruction stored in its memory. That can be accept data as
(INPUT), process the data on processor and produce a meaning full
information (OUTPUT).

 The machine also stores the information for future use.

DATA
Data are the raw number or other findings which by themselves are limited
value. It is the meaningless or unprocessed information.

INFORMATION
Information is the processed or a meaningful data. It is the data that has
been converted into or meaningful and useful context.
ADVANTAGES/ Characteristics OF COMPUTER
 Speed
 Accuracy
 Large system
 Versatility
 Tirelessness

DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER

 Data security issue


 Bad impact on environment
 Health issue
 Generate cyber crime

METHLOGY/ FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER

 Take data as input


 Store data in memory and instruction
 Process stored data
 Generate output
 Control all above steps
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

GENERATION YEARS TECHNOLOGY & DEVICE OPERATING


CHARACTERISTICS SPEED

1st Generation 1941-1956 Vacuume tube Univac Mili second


enivac

2nd Generation 1956-1964 Transistors IBM040 Micro second


1
IBM
1920

3rd Generation 1964-1975 IC’s CDC Nano second


(Integrated-Circuit) 1700
IBM
360

4th Generation 1976-2015 VLSIC Apple Pico second


(Very Large Integrated
Circuit

5th Generation 2016-Till AI Param 1.5 billion


date (Artificial Intelligence) IBM Bytes/second
Note
book
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

CPU is the main part of the computer system which is accountable for all
the functions and processes of computer system.

Basically, there are three unit of CPU:

1) Control unit (CU)


2) Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU)
3) Memory unit (MU)

Control Unit –
It organizes the computer to work computer as single unit. It is just like a
manager of an organization. It assigns the task or job of the other units of
the CPU.

Arithmetic and logical Unit –


It performs basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction and
also performs logical operations like AND, OR NOT. The modern ALU
have a small amount of special storage unit called registers that can exist
faster that human memory.
Memory Unit –

It stores or saves the data as well as send the raw information to the ALU
unit for the purpose of processing.

MEMORY

 In the computer system collection of cells. A collection of cells and


each cell unit’s unique physical advice is called memory of a computer
system.

 More computers save their data in bytes therefore most digital


computer are byte addressable.

 Cell at address contains in 0 or 1 form like 1010101


MEMORY / STORAGE DEVICES

The computer storage is used for storing, sorting and extracting data files.
Such devices can hold and store information temporary or permanently.

Storage devices can be classified in two categories:


1. Internal Storage
2. External Storage

INTERNAL STORAGE (PRIMARY MEMORY)


These are the types of storage devices that are fixed inside the system unit
box such as RAM, ROM and Hard Disk

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM): It is a type of temporary memory in


which each location can be accessed and changed. This type of memory is
volatile in nature, for example, static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM
(DRAM).

READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM): Memory in which each memory location can
be accessed but not changed is called permanent memory. ROM (Read-
Only Memory) is an example of this type of memory and is not volatile in
nature.

Types of ROM are:


I. PROM
II. EPROM
III. EEPROM

EXTERNAL STORAGE DEVICES (SECONDARY MEMORY)


External storage devices are the portable devices that are used to store
information and can be carried out anywhere
Or
External storage device that are not fixed inside the system unit box
Example of external storage device following are :
 Flappy
 CD
 DVD
 Blue ray disc
 USB or PANDRIVE
 MEMORY CARD or memory stick etc...
SOFTWARES
The software is the interface between user and hardware

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