Chapter Six (06) contains

01.The WHILE Statement

02.The DO Statement
03.The FOR Statement
04.Jumps in LOOPS
05.Concise Test Expressions

Problem No-6.2: Fill in the blanks in the following statements.

(a) In an exit controlled loop, if body is executed n times, test condition is evaluated
times.
Ans: (n-1)
(b) The statements is use to skip a part of the statements in a loop.
Ans: continue.
(c) A for loop with the no test condition is known as loop.
Ans: infinite
(d) The sentinel controlled loop is also; known as loop.
Ans: indefinite repetition.
(e)In a counter controlled loop, variable known as is used to count the
loop operation.
Ans: definite repetition.

Problem No-6.1 State whether the following statements are true or false:
(a) The do… while statement first executes the loop body and then evaluate the loop control
expression.
Ans: True.
(b) In a preset loop, if the body is executed n terms, the test expression is executed n+1
times.
Ans: True.
(c) The number of times a control variable is updated always equals the number of loop
iterations.
Ans: True.
(d) Both the preset loops include initialization within the statement.
Ans: True.
(e) In a for loop expression, the starting value of the control variable must be less than its ending
value.
Ans: True.
(f) The initialization, test condition and increment parts may be missing in a for statement.
Ans: False.
(g) While loops can be used to replace for loops without any change in the body of the loop.
Ans: False.
 (h) An exit control loop is executed a minimum of a one line.
Ans: False.
(i) The use of continue statement considered as unstructured programming.
Ans: True.
(j) The three loop expressions used in a for loop header must be separated by commas.
Ans: True.

Problem No-6.8 explain the operation of each of the following for loops.
(a)for (n=1;n!=10;n+=2)
sum=sum+n;
Ans :The loop repeats 5 times.
(b)for(n=5;n<=m;n-=1)
sum+=n;
Ans: The continue until n<=m where m initializes from 5 and decrements by 1.
(c) for(n=1;n<=5)
sum+=n;
Ans: Since there is no increment or decrement condition the loop repeats 5 times.
(d) for(n=1; ;n+=1)
sum+=n;
Ans: The loop repeats infinity times.
(e)for(n=1;n<5;n++)
n=n-1;
Ans: The loop repeats infinity times.
Problem No-6.9: what would be the output of each of the following code
segments?
(a)count=5;
while(count-- >0)
printf(“count”);
Output:
5 4 3 2 1
(b)count=5;
while(-- count>0)
Printf(“count”);
Output:
4 3 2 1
(c) count=5;
do printrf(“count”);
while(count>0)
Output:
 5 4 3 2 1
(d)for(m=10;m>7;m-=2)
printf(“m”);
output;
10 8
Problem No-6.11:Analyse each of the program segment that follow the
determine how many times the body of each loop will be executed.
(a)x=5;
y=50;
while(x<=y)
{
x=y/x;
…………………..
…………………..
}
Ans: Infinity times
(b) m=1;
do
{
……………………
……………………….
m+=2;
}
while(m<10)
Ans: 5 times.
(c) int i;
for(i=0;i<=5;i=i+2/3)
{
…………………..
…………………….
}
Ans: Infinity times.
(d) int m=10;
Int n=7;
while(m%n>=0)
{
………………
m+=1;
n+=2;
…………….
}
Ans: 4 times.
Problem No-6.12:Find errors, if any, in each of the following looping segments.
Assume that all the variables have been declared and assigned values.
(a)while(count!=10);
{
count=1;
sum+=x;
count+=1;
}
Error: while(count!=10);
Correct Ans: while(count!=10)

(b) name=0;
do
{
name+=1;
printf(“my name is Dinar\n”);
while(name=1);
Error: while (name=1);
Correct Ans: while(name==1);
(c) do;
total+=value;
scanf(“%f”,&value);
while(value!=999);
Error: do;
Correct Ans: do
(E) m=1;
n=0;
for(p=10;p>0;)
p-=1;
printf(“%f”,p);
Error: for(p=10;p>0;)
p-=1;
printf(“%f”,p);
Correct ans: for(p=10;p>0;)
{
p-=1;
printf(“%f”,p);
}
Problem No-6.13:Write a for statement to pront each of the following sequence
of integers:
(a) 1,2,4,8,16,32
Ans: for(i=1;i<=32;i=i*2)
printf(“%d”,i);
(b) 1,3,9,27,81,243
Ans: for(i=1;i<=243;i=i*i)
printf(“%d”,i);
(c) -4,-2,0,4
for(i=-4;i<=4;i=i+2)
printf(“%d”,i);
(d) -10,-12,-14,-18,-26,-42
for(i=-10;i<=-42;i=i-2)
printf(“%d”,i);
Problem No-6.14:Change the following for loops to while loops :
(a)for(m=1;m<10;m=m+1)
printf(“m”);
Ans: m=1;
while(m<10)
{
…………….
m++;
}
printf(“m”);
(b)for(;scanf(“%d”,&m)!=-1;)
printf(“m”);
Ans:
while(scanf(“%d”,&m)!=-1)
printf(“m”);

Problem No-6.16:What is the output of following code?

Int m=100,n=0;
while(n==0)
{

if(m<10)
break;
m=m-10;
}
Output: No output
6.17: What is output of the following code?
int m=0;
do
{
if(m>10)
continue;
m=m+10;
}
while(m<50);
printf(“%d”,m);
Output: 50
6.18: What is the output of the following code?
int n=0,m=1;
do
{
printf(“m”);
m++;
}
while(m<=n);
Output: 1
Problem No-6.19:What is the output of the following code?
int n=0,m;
for(m=1;m<=n+1;m++)
printrf(“m”);
Output: 1
Problem No-6.20:When do we use the following statement?
for(; ;)
Ans : When we need an infinity loop the statement for(; ;) can be used.

Programming Solution of Exercise

Problem No-6.2:The factorial of an integer m is the product of consecutive

integers from 1 to m. that is
Factorial m=m!=m*(m-1)*…………………*1.
Write a program that computes and print the result for any
given m.
Solution :
/*……………………………factorial…………………………*/
 #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int sum,i,m;
clrscr();
printf(“Input number:”);
scanf("%d",&m);
sum=1;
for(i=m;i>1;i--)
sum*=i;
printf("The result is: %d",sum);
getch();
}

Problem No-6.1:Given a integer number write using while loop to reverse the
digit of the number. For example, the number
12345
should be written as
54321
Solution:
/*……………..…..reverse number ……………………*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
long int n,b;
printf("\n\n\n Input number:");
scanf("%ld",&n);
while(n>10)
{
b=n%10;
printf("The reversed number is:%ld",b);
n=n/10;
}
printf("%ld",n);
getch();
}
Problem No-6.3:Write a program that compute the sum of the digit of a given
integer number.
Solution:
/*………………..sum of given integer number………………….*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
long int n,b,sum=0;
printf("\n\n\nInput number:");
scanf("%ld",&n);
while(n>10)
{
b=n%10;
printf("%ld+",b);
n=n/10;
sum+=b;
}
sum+=n;
printf("the result is= %ld",sum);
getch();
}
Problem No-6.4:The numbers in the sequence
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21……………………..
Are called Fibonacci numbers. Write a program using a do-while loop to
calculate and print the Fibonacci numbers.
Solution :
/*……………………Fibonacci sequence…….……………….*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int m,x,y,n,z;
m=0;
x=0;
y=1;
printf("\n\nInput number of count:");
scanf("%d",&n);
 printf("%d",y);
do{
z=x+y;
x=y;
y=z;
m++;
printf(" the result= is %d",z);
}while(m<n);
getch();
}
Problem No-6.5:The numbers in the sequence
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21……………………..
Are called Fibonacci numbers. Write a program using a for loop to calculate
and print the Fibonacci numbers.
Solution :
/*……………………Fibonacci sequence…….……………….*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int x,y,n,z,i;
x=0;
y=1;
printf("\n\nInput number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%d",y);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
z=x+y;
x=y;
y=z;
printf(" the result= %d",z);
}
getch();
}
Problem No-6.6:Write a program to evaluate the following investment
equation
V=P(1+r)n
And print the tables which would give the value of V for various combination
of the following values of P,r and n.
Solution:
/*…………investment equation………………..*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n,p,j;
double v,r,t;
printf("\n\n\n");
clrscr();
r=0.10;
n=10;
p=1000;
t=pow((1+r),i);
// printf("\n\n%.6lf ",t);
printf("\nP R N V\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(r<=0.20 && p<=10000)
{
t=pow((1+r),i);
v=p*t;
p=p+1000;
r=r+0.01;
}
printf("%d %lf %d ",p,r,n);
printf("V=% .6lf ",v);
printf("\n");

}
getch();
}
Problem No-6.7(a): Write the program to print the following outputs using for
loops.
1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
 5 5 5 5 5
Solution :
/*………...trivues……………*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
int i,j,n;
clrscr();
printf("\n\n Input number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%d",i);
printf(" ");
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Problem No-6.7(b): Write programs to print the following outputs using for
loops.
*****
****
***
**
*
Solution:
/*………………………….star…………………….….*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,n,c;
clrscr();
printf(“Input number:”);
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
 {
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
c=i;
if(c>j)
{
printf(" ");
c++;
}
else
printf("*");
}
printf("\n");
getch();
}
Problem No-6.8:Write a program to read the age of 100 persons and count the
number of persons in the age group 50to 60. Use for and continue statements.

Solution:
/****************age count into 50 to 60***************/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int count,i,age;
count=0;printf(“Input age of 100 persons:”);
for(i=1;i<=100;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&age);
if(age>=50&&age<=60)
count+=1;
continue;
}
printf("the countable number is:%d",count);
getch();
}
Problem No-6.9: We have two function of the type
Y1=exp(-a*x)
Y2=exp(-a*x*x/2)
Plot the graphs of these function for x verifying from 0 to 5.0.
Without using continue statement.
Solution:
/*……………..plotting two function………………..*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
clrscr(); printf("\n\n");
int i;
float a,x,y1,y2;
a=0.4;
printf(" Y.....>\n");
printf("0-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for(x=0;x<5;x+=0.25)
{
y1=(int)(50*exp(-a*x)+0.5);
y2=(int)(50*exp(-a*x*x/2)+0.5);
if(y1==y2)
{
if(x==2.5)
printf("x|");
else
printf(" |");
for(i=1;i<=(y1-1);++i)
printf(" ");
printf("#\n");
}
else if(y1>y2)
{
if(x==2.5)
printf("x|");
else
printf(" |");
for(i=1;i<=(y2-1);++i)
printf(" ");
 printf("*");
for(i=1;i<=(y1-y2-1);++i);
printf("-");
printf("0\n");
}
else
{
if(x==2.5)
printf("x|");
else
printf(" |");
for(i=1;i<=(y1-1);++i)
printf(" ");
printf("0");
for(i=1;i<=(y2-y1-1);++i)
printf("-");
printf("*\n");
}

}
printf(" |\n");
getch();
}
Problem No-6.10:Write a program to print a table of values of the function
Y=exp(-x)
For x varying from 0.0 to 10.0 in steps of 0.10.

Solution:
/*……………….y=exp(-x)………………*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int i,j;
float y;
 printf("\n\n....................................\n");
printf("x");
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<10;j++)
{
y=exp(-i);
printf(" %.2f ",y);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

Problem No-6.12:Write a program using for and if statement to display the

capital letter S in a grid of 15 rows and 18columns as shown
below. ******************
******************
******************
****
****
****
******************
******************
******************
****
****
****
*******************
*******************
*******************
Solution :
/*……………………S grid…………………..*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int row,col,i,j,k;
 row=15;
col=18;
for(i=1;i<=row;i++)
{
if((i<=3)||(i>=7&&i<=9)||(i>=13&&i<=15))
{
for(j=1;j<col;j++)
printf("*");
printf("\n");
}
else if(i>=4&&i<=6)
{
for(j=1;j<=4;j++)
printf("*");
printf("\n");
}
else
{
for(j=1;j<=13;j++)
printf(" ");
for(j=1;j<=4;j++)
printf("*");
printf("\n");
}
}
getch();
}

Problem No-6.11:Write a program that will read a positive integer and

determine and print its binary equivalent.
Solution:
/* ………………….to binary…………………..*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char binary[20],temp[20];
int i,j,num;
clrscr();
 i=0;
printf("\n\nEnter value:");
scanf("%d",&num);
while(num>=1)
{
temp[i++]=(num%2)+48;
num=num/2;
}
printf("\n\nthe binary equvelant is:");
for(j=i-1;j>=0;j--)
printf("%c",temp[j]);
getch();
}

Problem No-6.13:Write a program to compute the value of Euler’s number e,

that is used as the base of natural logarithms. Use the following formula.
e=1+1/1!+1/2!+1/3!+…………………………………+1/n!
use a suitable loop construct. The loop must terminate when the difference
between two successive values of e is less than0.00001.
Solution:
/*……………………….Euler’s number……………………..*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
float fact(float i)
{
float f=1;
int k;
for(k=1;k<=i;k++)
f*=k;
return(f);
}
void main()
{
float e,a,b,d=1,temp;
int i,j,k;
clrscr();
e=1;i=2;b=1;
while(d>=0.00001)
{
temp=fact(i);
 a=1/temp;
e=e+a;
d=b-a;
if(d>=0.00001)
b=a;
i++;
}
printf("\n\nthe result = %f",e);
getch();

}
Problem No-6.14:Write programs to evaluate the following
functions to 0.0001% accuracy.
(a) sinx =x-x3/3!+x5/5!-x7/7!+………………….
Solution:
/*……………….sinx function………………..*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
double fact(double power)
{
double f=1;
int k;
for(k=1;k<=power;k++)
f=f*k;
return f;
}
void main()
{
int i=1;
double x,term,deno,lob,sin,power=3;
clrscr();
scanf("%lf",&x);
term=x;
sin=x;
while(term>=0.0001)
{
lob=pow(x,power);
deno=fact(power);
term=lob/deno;
 power+=2;
if(i%2==1)
sin=sin-term;
else
sin=sin+term;
i++
}
printf("the result= %lf",sin);
getch();
}
Problem No-6.14:Write programs to evaluate the following
functions to 0.0001% accuracy.
(b) cosx = 1-x2/2!+x4/4!-x6/6!+………………….
Solution:
/*……………….cosx function………………..*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
double fact(double power)
{
double f=1;
int k;
for(k=1;k<=power;k++)
f=f*k;
return(f);
}
void main()
{
int i=1;
double x,term,deno,lob,cos,power=2;
clrscr();
scanf("%lf",&x);
term=1.0;
cos=1.0;
while(term>=0.0001)
{
lob=pow(x,power);
deno=fact(power);
term=lob/deno;
power+=2;
 if(i%2==1)
cos=cos-term;
else
cos=cos+term;
i++;
}
printf("the result is= %lf",cos);
getch();
}
Problem No-6.14(c):Write programs to evaluate the following
functions to 0.0001% accuracy.
Sum=1+(1/2)2+(1/3)3+(1/4)4+…………………………………
Solution:
/*…………………..accuracy…………….*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
double term,deno,lob,sum;
clrscr();
term=1.0;
sum=1.0; lob=1.0;deno=2.0;
while(term>=0.0001)
{
term=lob/deno;
term=pow(term,deno);
sum+=term;
deno++; printf("%lf",sum);
}
printf("the sum= %lf",sum);
getch();
}
Problem No-6.15:The present value (popularly known as book value )of an item
is given by the relationship
P=c(1-d)n
Where c=original cost
D=rate of depreciation
N=number of years
P=present value after years.
If p is considered the scrap value at the end of useful life of the item, write a
program to compute the useful life in years given the original cost,
depreciation rate, and the scrap value.
Solution:
/*…………..useful life in years…………….*/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int n,c;
double d,p,lob,hor;
printf(“Input original cost, rate of depreciation, present value”);
scanf("%d%lf%lf",&c,&d,&p);
lob=log(p/c);
hor=log(1-d);
n=lob/hor;
printf("year=%d",n); getch();
}

Problem No-6.16(a):Write a program to print a square size 5 by using the

character S as shown below
S S S S S
S S S S S
S S S S S
S S S S S
S S S S S
Solution :
/*……………….square size………………..*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int i,j;
printf("\n\n");
for(i=0;i<=4;i++)
{
 for(j=1;j<=5;j++)
printf(" S");
printf("\n\n");
}
getch();
}
Problem No-6.16(b):Write a program to print a square size 5 by using the
character S as shown below
S S S S S
S S
S S
S S
S S S S S
Solution :
/*……………….square size………………..*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,n;
clrscr();
n=5; printf("\n\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
printf("s ");
printf("\n\n");
for(i=1;i<=n-2;i++)
{
printf("s ");
for(j=1;j<=n-2;j++)
printf(" ");
printf("s\n\n");
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
printf("s ");
printf("\n");
getch();
}
Problem No-6.18 : Write the program to print all integers that are not divisible
by 2 or 3 and lie between 1 and 100. Program should also account the number
of such integers and print the result.
Solution:
/*………..count the number into 1-100 which r divisible 2 or 3………………*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,count,sum;
clrscr();
sum=0;
count=0;
for(i=1;i<=100;i++)
{
if(i%2!=0&&i%3!=0)
{
sum+=i;
count++;
printf("%d\n",i);
}
}
printf("the sum of the value is :%d \nthe countable numbers is: %d",sum,count);
getch();
}

Problem No-6.20: Given a set of 10 two-digit integer containing both positive

and negative values, write a program using for loop to compute the sum of all
positive values and print the sum and the number of values added. The
program should use scanf to read the values and terminate when the sum
exceeds 999. Do not use goto statement.
Solution:
/*…………………….sum positive number……………………*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
nt sum,n,i,j=0;
sum=0;
clrscr();
printf("\n\nInput ten number both positive and negative:");
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
 scanf("%d",&n);
if(n>0)
{
sum+=n; j++;}
if(sum>999)
break;
}
printf("\n\nThe value of positive numbers is:%d\nand the
countable number is: %d",sum,j);
getch();
}

Problem No-6.19:Write a program to print a square of size 5by using the

character S as shown below:
S S S S S
S S S S S
S S O S S
S S S S S
S S S S S
Solution:
/*……………………………..square with centre 0…………………………….*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,i,j,mid;
clrscr();
printf("\n\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
mid=(int)(n/2);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(i==mid&&j==mid)
printf("0 ");
else
printf("s ");
}
printf("\n\n");
 }
getch();
}