MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

1. The distance x of a particle moving in one dimension under the action of a constant force is
related to the time t by the equation
𝑡 = √𝑥 + 3
where x is in metre and t in second. Find the displacement of the particle when its velocity
is zero.
2. A car travels first half distance between two places with a speed of 40 km/h and the rest half
distance with a speed of 60 km/h. What is the average speed of the car?
3. An object moves from A to B with a speed of 40 m/s and returns from B to A with the speed
of 60 m/s. Calculate the average speed and the average velocity of the object.
4. A boy reached the railway station 4 km away from his house running with a uniform speed in
1 hour. He took rest for 0.5 hour at the station and then came back to his house walking with
the uniform speed in 1.5 hours. Represent the whole journey of the boy by a time-displacement
graph and determine his average speed.
5. A body starting from rest, move with an acceleration of 5 ms-2. After 4 seconds from starting,
the force accelerating the body is removed and there is no opposing force also. Draw time-
velocity graph for the first 8 seconds of the motion of the body and determine from the graph
the distance travelled in 8 seconds.
6. A ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of 100 m/s. After how much time,
will it return? Draw time-velocity graph for the ball and find from the graph: (i) height attained
by the ball, (ii) height of the ball after 15 seconds? (g = 10 ms-2)
7. The graph in figure is the time-velocity graph of a rocket. The rocket is fired vertically in air
and air-resistance negligible. The fuel is burnt within first 10 seconds. (i) Which part of the
graph indicates that the rocket is rising and which part indicates that is falling? (ii) What is the
average acceleration of the rocket during the burning of fuel? (iii) What is the retardation of
the rocket after the fuel is burnt out? (iv) Up to what height the rocket rises during the burning
of fuel? (v) What maximum height the rocket attains?

8. A ball falls freely on a perfectly elastic plate from a height of 3.0 metre. At the instant t = 0,
the velocity of the ball is zero. Draw time-velocity graph for the motion of the ball. (g = 9.8
ms-2)
9. 4 balls are dropped gently from the top of a tower at intervals of one-one second. The first ball
reaches the ground after 4 seconds of dropping. What are the distances between first and
second, second and third, third and fourth balls at this instant? (g = 9.8 ms-2)
10. A rocket which is sent to establish a satellite in its orbit, acquires a velocity of 2.90 × 104 km/h
in 2.05 minutes. (i) Determine its average acceleration in km/h-s. (ii) If it has enough fuel to
go on for an hour with the same acceleration, then how much velocity will it attain? Assume
that its initial velocity was zero. (iii) How much distance will it travel in this hour?
11. A sprinter has to cover a total run of 100 m. She increases her speed from rest under a uniform
acceleration of 1.0 ms-2 up to three-quarters of the total run and covers the last quarter with
uniform speed. Find the time taken by her to cover the first half and to cover the second half
of the run.
12. The variation of position (x) of a particle with time (t) in a uniformly accelerated motion along
a straight line path is given by the equation
x = 5t2 – 10t
where x is measured in metre and t in second. Predict which time velocity graph (a), (b),
(c) or (d) of figure given below describes the motion of the particle suitably. Also calculate
the acceleration of the particle.

OBJECTIVE TYPE

1. The slope of distance-time graph gives:

(a) Velocity of the body
(b) The distance travelled by the body
(c) Acceleration of the body
(d) Direction of the moving particle
2. The slope of time-speed graph gives:
(a) Velocity of the body
(b) Distance travelled by the body
(c) Acceleration of the body
(d) Direction of motion
3. A car travelled first third of a given distance at a speed of 10 m/s, the second third at a speed
of 20 m/s and the last third at a speed of 60 m/s. The average speed of the car over the entire
distance is:
(a) 30 m/s
(b) 40 m/s
(c) 24 m/s
(d) 18 m/s
4. A train is 100 m long and is moving with a uniform velocity of 54 km/h. The time taken by it
to cross the bridge 150 m long is:
(a) 10 s
 (b) 50/3 s
(c) 20/3 s
(d) None of these
5. The time dependent position s of a body moving along a straight line path is given by the
equation s = pt + qt2, where p and q are constants. State whether the body is moving with:
(a) Uniform velocity
(b) Uniform acceleration
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
6. The position x of a particle moving along a straight line path varies with time according to the
relation x = 6t2 – 5t, where x is in metre and t is in second. The initial velocity of the particle
is:
(a) 6 m/s
(b) -5 m/s
(c) 5 m/s
(d) -6 m/s

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. The distance travelled by a body is found to be directly proportional to the square of time. Is
the body moving with uniform velocity or with uniform acceleration? If the distance travelled
be directly proportional to time, then?
2. A person standing on a tower throws a stone vertically upward with a velocity u and drops
another stone downward with the same initial velocity. Which stone will strike the earth with
a larger velocity?
3. A body is thrown vertically upward with a definite velocity from different places on the earth.
Prove that the time of return of the body at a place will be inversely proportional to the
acceleration due to gravity of that place.
4. Time-displacement graph for two objects A and B are drawn on the same scale. These are
straight lines which makes angles 30° and 60° respectively time-axis. Which one has greater
velocity? What is the ratio of their velocities?
5. If time-velocity graph is a straight line parallel to the time axis, then what would you say about
the acceleration of the moving object?
6. Both, the magnitude and the direction of the acceleration of a body and constant. Will the parts
of the body be necessarily a straight line?
7. A particle is moving from point A to B in a straight line with uniform acceleration. If the
magnitude of velocity at a point between A and B equal to the speed at that point? Is the result
true for all types of motions?
8. When a particle moves with constant velocity, can average velocity over any time interval be
equal to the instantaneous velocity at any instant?
9. A particle moving along a straight line moves with a constant velocity v1 for some time and
with constant velocity v2 for the next equal time. What is the average velocity of the particle
for the entire journey?
10. Is the magnitude of instantaneous velocity equal to the instantaneous speed?
11. Are the equations of motion true when s, u, v and a are taken in vector form? In scalar form?
 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What is the difference in the following? Explain with example.

(i) Distance and displacement
(ii) Velocity and speed
(iii) Velocity change and acceleration
Is it possible that displacement be zero but distance may not be zero? Vice versa?
2. Is it possible that the average velocity of a body is zero but its average speed be not zero? If
yes, explain giving example. Is contrary to it also possible?
3. Explain with reason if there can be an acceleration in the motion of a body when (i) the velocity
of the body is zero, (ii) the speed of the body is in uniform, (iii) the velocity of the body is
uniform, (iv) the displacement of the body is same in the same interval of time, (v) the distance
travelled by the body is same in the same interval of time.
4. In which of the following examples of motion can the body be considered approximately a
point object:
(i) A railway carriage moving without jerks between two stations
(ii) A monkey sitting on top of a man cycling smoothly on a circular track
(iii) A spinning cricket ball that turns sharply on hitting the ground
(iv) Tumbling beaker that has slipped off the edge of a table?
5. Can the adjoining graph be a time-displacement graph of a car going from one place to another
and then returning back?

6. x0 represents the position of an object at time t = 0 and 𝑣 → represent its uniform velocity. The
object is in uniform motion along a straight line. Draw its position-time (x-t) graph when (a)
x0 is positive and 𝑣 → is negative, (b) x0 is negative and 𝑣 → is positive, (c) both are negative,
(d) both are positive.
7. An object is moving in a given direction with a definite velocity. What is its acceleration?
Draw time-velocity and time-displacement graph for the object.
8. An object is moving with a constant acceleration. Draw time-acceleration, velocity-time and
time-displacement graphs for the object.
9. A person goes to post office slowly and purchase postcards. Then he comes back speedily.
Draw time-velocity and time-displacement graph for the person.
10. A ball is thrown horizontally and at the same time another ball is dropped down from the top
of a tower. (a) Will both the balls reach the ground at the same time? (b) Will both strike the
ground with the same velocity?
11. A particle is moving in a straight line with uniform acceleration. It has velocity v1 at point A
and v2 at point B. What will be its velocity at midpoint of AB?
12. A body is sliding on a smooth inclined plane starting from rest. If the distance moved in the
first 5 seconds is 5 cm then what is the distance moved in next second?

LONG ANSWER TYPE A

1. Show that for the motion with uniform velocity, slope of the time-displacement graph is equal
to the velocity of the object. What do you understand by negative value of velocity? Explain
by an example.
2. Show that the area enclosed by time-velocity graph and time axis of an object moving with a
constant acceleration in a straight line for a certain interval of time is equal to the distance
travelled by the object in that time interval.
3. Show that the area enclosed by the time-acceleration graph and time axis of an object for a
certain interval of time is equal to the velocity change for the time interval.
4. Derive the following relation writer graphically or mathematically:
(a) v = u + at
1
(b) 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2
(c) 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠

LONG ANSWER TYPE B

1. What do you understand by equations of motion? Write these equations and derive them with
the help of method of integration.
2. Define uniform velocity, variable velocity and average velocity.
3. Plot time displacement graph for a body moving along a straight path and show uniform
velocity in forward direction, state of rest and finally uniform velocity in backward direction.
Name the quantities which can be determined with this graph.
4. Write equations of motion in different states and derive the relation
1
𝑠 = 𝑢 + 𝑎(2𝑡 − 1)
2
where s is distance covered in tth seconds, u is the initial velocity and a is uniform
acceleration.

NUMERICALS

1. In the given figure, time-displacement graph of a moving body is given. Draw its time-velocity
graph and state: (i) When was the body going fastest? (ii) How much total distance the body
has travelled? (iii) What is the total displacement in the position of the body? (iv) What is the
acceleration of the body from the beginning up to A?
2. In the figure given below, is shown a time-displacement graph of a cyclist. Find out from the
graph (i) maximum speed of cyclist, (ii) average speed in the whole journey.

3. A car moves for 0.1 hour with the velocity of 20 km/h, then for 0.4 hour with a velocity of 60
km/h and in the last of 0.2 hour with a velocity of 20 km/h. Draw time-velocity graph for the
car and use it to find: (i) How much distance the car moves in the first time interval? (ii) How
much distance the car moves in the whole journey? (iii) How much time the car takes in first
14 km? Indicate the area in your graph which indicates the journey of first 14 kilometers.
4. A body starts from rest in a straight line with an acceleration of 8.0 ms-2. Draw its time velocity
graph and determine (i) the velocity of the body after 5 seconds. (ii) How much distance the
body has moved in the first 5 seconds? (iii) What average velocity of the body is during this
time?
5. How far does the runner whose time-velocity graph is it shown in the figure travel in 16
seconds? What is the acceleration of the runner at t = 11 second?
6. The time-velocity graph of a car is shown in the figure. Calculate: (i) acceleration from A to
B, (ii) the distance travelled in last 4 seconds.

7. The figure shows the time-distance graph of two cars which start simultaneously in the same
direction. Calculate from the graph: (i) By how much distance the car A was ahead of car B
initially? (ii) Which car is moving faster? What their speeds are? (iii) After how much time
and at which place the car B will catch the car A?

8. As soon as a car starts from rest in a certain direction, a scooter moving with a uniform speed
overtakes the car. Their time-speed graphs and shown in the below figure. Calculate from the
graph: (i) acceleration of the car initially, (ii) the time at which the speed of the car becomes
equal to the speed of the scooter, (iii) the difference in the distance travelled by the scooter and
the car in 12 seconds, (iv) After how much time difference will become 120 metres?
9. The figure shows time-velocity graph for a body thrown vertically upwards. Calculate from
the graph: (i) the type of motion, (ii) the initial velocity and acceleration, (iii) maximum height
attained by the body, (iv) after how much time will the body return?

10. The figure below shows the time-acceleration graph of a body. Draw the corresponding time-
velocity graph at time t = 0 the velocity v = 0.

11. A car accelerates uniformly on a straight road from rest to a speed of 180 km/h in 25 seconds.
Find the distance covered by the car in this time interval.
12. A ball is thrown vertically upwards from the top of a tower with a velocity of 20 m/s. The ball
strikes the earth after 5 seconds of its throwing. What is the height of the tower? What will be
the velocity of the ball while striking the earth? (g = 9.8 ms-2)
13. A ball which is thrown vertically upwards reaches the roof of a house 100 m high. At the
moment this ball is thrown vertically upward, another ball is dropped from rest vertically
downwards from the roof of the house. At which height will the balls pass each other? (g = 9.8
ms-2)
14. Two balls A and B are thrown simultaneously, A vertically upward with a speed of 20 m/s
from the ground and B vertically downwards from a height of 40 m with the same speed and
along the same line of motion. At what point do the balls collide? (g = 9.8 ms-2)
15. A person standing on the roof of a building 30 m high drops a ball vertically downwards with
an initial velocity of 500 cm/s. Acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 ms-2. (a) What will velocity
of the ball after 0.5 seconds? (b) Where will be the ball after 1.5 seconds? (c) What the velocity
of the ball after striking the earth?
16. A boy standing on the top of a 40 m high building projects for stone vertically upwards with
an initial velocity of 10 m/s. The stone eventually falls to the ground. (a) After how long will
the stone strike the ground? (b) After how long will the stone pass through the point from
where it was projected? (c) With what velocity will it strike the ground? (gms-10 ms-2)
17. A balloon going upwards with a velocity of 12 m/s is at a height of 65 m from the Earth at any
instant. Exactly at the this instant a packet is drops from it. How much time will the packet
take in reaching the earth? (g = 10 ms-2)
18. An astronaut jumps from an aeroplane. After he had fallen 40 m, then his parachute opens.
Now he falls with the retardation of 2.0 ms-2 and reaches the earth with a velocity of 3.0 m/s.
What was the height of the aeroplane? For how long astronaut remained in air? (g = 9.8 ms-2)
19. When a balloon rising vertically upwards at a velocity of 10 m/s is at a height of 45 m from
the ground, a parachutist bails out from the balloon. After 3 s, he opens the parachute and
decelerates at a constant rate of 5 ms-2. (a) What is the height of the parachutist is above the
ground when he opens the parachute? (ii) How far is he from the balloon at this instant? (iii)
With what velocity does he strike the ground? (iv) What time does it take in striking the ground
after his exit from the balloon? (g = 10 ms-2)