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Java 8 - New Date-Time API

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31 views

Java 8 - New Date-Time API

Uploaded by

bikashghoshh41
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java 8 - New Date-Time API

With Java 8, a new Date-Time API is introduced to cover the following drawbacks of old date-time
API.

Not thread safe − java.util.Date is not thread safe, thus developers have to deal with
concurrency issue while using date. The new date-time API is immutable and does not
have setter methods.
Poor design − Default Date starts from 1900, month starts from 1, and day starts from 0,
so no uniformity. The old API had less direct methods for date operations. The new API
provides numerous utility methods for such operations.
Difficult time zone handling − Developers had to write a lot of code to deal with timezone
issues. The new API has been developed keeping domain-specific design in mind.

Java 8 introduces a new date-time API under the package java.time. Following are some of the
important classes introduced in java.time package.

Local − Simplified date-time API with no complexity of timezone handling.


Zoned − Specialized date-time API to deal with various timezones.

Java Local Date-Time API


LocalDate/LocalTime and LocalDateTime classes simplify the development where timezones are
not required. Let's see them in action.

Example: Local Date-Time API

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.Month;

public class Java8Tester {

public static void main(String args[]) {


Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
java8tester.testLocalDateTime();
}

public void testLocalDateTime() {


// Get the current date and time
LocalDateTime currentTime = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println("Current DateTime: " + currentTime);

LocalDate date1 = currentTime.toLocalDate();


System.out.println("date1: " + date1);

Month month = currentTime.getMonth();


int day = currentTime.getDayOfMonth();
int seconds = currentTime.getSecond();

System.out.println("Month: " + month +"day: " + day +"seconds: "

LocalDateTime date2 = currentTime.withDayOfMonth(10).withYear(20


System.out.println("date2: " + date2);

//12 december 2014


LocalDate date3 = LocalDate.of(2014, Month.DECEMBER, 12);
System.out.println("date3: " + date3);

//22 hour 15 minutes


LocalTime date4 = LocalTime.of(22, 15);
System.out.println("date4: " + date4);

//parse a string
LocalTime date5 = LocalTime.parse("20:15:30");
System.out.println("date5: " + date5);
}
}

It should produce the following output −

Current DateTime: 2014-12-09T11:00:45.457


date1: 2014-12-09
Month: DECEMBERday: 9seconds: 45
date2: 2012-12-10T11:00:45.457
date3: 2014-12-12
date4: 22:15
date5: 20:15:30

Java Zoned Date-Time API


Zoned date-time API is to be used when time zone is to be considered. Let us see them in action.

Example: Zoned Date-Time API

import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;

public class Java8Tester {

public static void main(String args[]) {


Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
java8tester.testZonedDateTime();
}

public void testZonedDateTime() {


// Get the current date and time
ZonedDateTime date1 = ZonedDateTime.parse("2007-12-03T10:15:30+0
System.out.println("date1: " + date1);

ZoneId id = ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris");
System.out.println("ZoneId: " + id);

ZoneId currentZone = ZoneId.systemDefault();


System.out.println("CurrentZone: " + currentZone);
}
}

It should produce the following output −

date1: 2007-12-03T10:15:30+05:00[Asia/Karachi]
ZoneId: Europe/Paris
CurrentZone: Etc/UTC

Java Chrono Units Enum


java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit enum is added in Java 8 to replace the integer values used in old
API to represent day, month, etc. Let us see them in action.

Example: Chrono Units Enum

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;

public class Java8Tester {

public static void main(String args[]) {


Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
java8tester.testChromoUnits();
}

public void testChromoUnits() {


//Get the current date
LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("Current date: " + today);

//add 1 week to the current date


LocalDate nextWeek = today.plus(1, ChronoUnit.WEEKS);
System.out.println("Next week: " + nextWeek);

//add 1 month to the current date


LocalDate nextMonth = today.plus(1, ChronoUnit.MONTHS);
System.out.println("Next month: " + nextMonth);

//add 1 year to the current date


LocalDate nextYear = today.plus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS);
System.out.println("Next year: " + nextYear);

//add 10 years to the current date


LocalDate nextDecade = today.plus(1, ChronoUnit.DECADES);
System.out.println("Date after ten year: " + nextDecade);
}
}

It should produce the following result −

Current date: 2014-12-10


Next week: 2014-12-17
Next month: 2015-01-10
Next year: 2015-12-10
Date after ten year: 2024-12-10

Java Period and Duration


With Java 8, two specialized classes are introduced to deal with the time differences.

Period − It deals with date based amount of time.


Duration − It deals with time based amount of time.

Let us see them in action.

Example: Period and Duration

import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Period;

public class Java8Tester {

public static void main(String args[]) {


Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
java8tester.testPeriod();
java8tester.testDuration();
}

public void testPeriod() {


//Get the current date
LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("Current date: " + date1);

//add 1 month to the current date


LocalDate date2 = date1.plus(1, ChronoUnit.MONTHS);
System.out.println("Next month: " + date2);

Period period = Period.between(date2, date1);


System.out.println("Period: " + period);
}

public void testDuration() {


LocalTime time1 = LocalTime.now();
Duration twoHours = Duration.ofHours(2);

LocalTime time2 = time1.plus(twoHours);


Duration duration = Duration.between(time1, time2);

System.out.println("Duration: " + duration);


}
}

It should produce the following output −

Current date: 2014-12-10


Next month: 2015-01-10
Period: P-1M
Duration: PT2H

Java Temporal Adjusters


TemporalAdjuster is used to perform the date mathematics. For example, get the "Second
Saturday of the Month" or "Next Tuesday". Let us see them in action.

Example: Temporal Adjusters

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters;
import java.time.DayOfWeek;

public class Java8Tester {

public static void main(String args[]) {


Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
java8tester.testAdjusters();
}

public void testAdjusters() {


//Get the current date
LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("Current date: " + date1);

//get the next tuesday


LocalDate nextTuesday = date1.with(TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWe
System.out.println("Next Tuesday on : " + nextTuesday);

//get the second saturday of next month


LocalDate firstInYear = LocalDate.of(date1.getYear(),date1.getMo
LocalDate secondSaturday = firstInYear.with(TemporalAdjusters.nex
DayOfWeek.SATURDAY)).with(TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWeek.SAT
System.out.println("Second Saturday on : " + secondSaturday);
}
}

It should produce the following result −

Current date: 2014-12-10


Next Tuesday on : 2014-12-16
Second Saturday on : 2014-12-13

Backward Compatibility
A toInstant() method is added to the original Date and Calendar objects, which can be used to
convert them to the new Date-Time API. Use an ofInstant(Insant,ZoneId) method to get a
LocalDateTime or ZonedDateTime object. Let us see them in action.

Example of Backward Compatibility

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;

import java.util.Date;

import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.ZoneId;

public class Java8Tester {

public static void main(String args[]) {


Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
java8tester.testBackwardCompatability();
}

public void testBackwardCompatability() {


//Get the current date
Date currentDate = new Date();
System.out.println("Current date: " + currentDate);

//Get the instant of current date in terms of milliseconds


Instant now = currentDate.toInstant();
ZoneId currentZone = ZoneId.systemDefault();

LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(now, curre


System.out.println("Local date: " + localDateTime);

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(now, curre


System.out.println("Zoned date: " + zonedDateTime);
}
}

It should produce the following output −

Current date: Wed Dec 10 05:44:06 UTC 2014


Local date: 2014-12-10T05:44:06.635
Zoned date: 2014-12-10T05:44:06.635Z[Etc/UTC]

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