Name: ______________________ Class: __________

Chapter 23 Review Questions

General Practice
Who am I? Use the word bank.

1. _______________ I am king of France. I am an extravagant spender and

my people do not love me. A revolution will soon happen and I will be
executed.
2. _______________ I am a French military leader born in Corsica. I became
a hero in France after several impressive victories.
3. _______________ I am the Church leader with whom Napoleon signed the
concordat, setting a new relationship between the church and the state.
4. _______________ I am the leader of the slaves who took control of Saint
Domingue after the civil war that happened there.
5. _______________ I am the grandniece of Marie Antoinette and Napoleon’s
second wife; from whom he had Napoleon II.
6. _______________ I tried to write a Declaration of the Rights of Women to
challenge the gender inequality in the National Assembly, but I was declared
an enemy of the revolution and killed.
7. _______________ I am a Jacobin leader who edited a newspaper called
“L’Ami du Peuple”.
8. _______________ I am a clergyman who suggested that the 3rd Estate call
themselves the National Assembly, during the Estates-General meeting.
9. _______________ I am an influential representative in the Congress of
Vienna; the foreign minister of Austria.

1
10. _______________ I am one of the most talented speakers in the Jacobin
Club.
11. _______________ I am a Jacobin leader who ruled France during the Reign
of Terror.
12. _______________ I am the British commander against whom Napoleon lost
in Egypt and in the Battle of Trafalgar.
13. _______________ I am the Russian ruler who faced an attack from
Napoleon after refusing to stop selling grain to Britain.
14. _______________ I am the queen of France, known as Madame Deficit,
married to the King of France. I said “Let them eat cake”.

Use an online translator to translate each of the following terms from

French to English. Then, explain how its literal meaning in French is related
to its significance in context of Chapter 23.

Term Meaning in French Significance to this Chapter

15. Sans-
culotte

16. Émigré

17. L’Ami du
Peuple
18. Coup
d’état

19. Bourgeois

20. Régime

21. Lycée

2
Fill the table of battles and campaigns below, mentioning the two sides and
outcome (Did anyone win? Who?)

Between whom and

Conflict Result / outcome
whom?
22. Austria and
Prussia against
France

23. Battle of Valmy

24. Campaign to
Austria and
Sardinia
25. Expedition to
Egypt
26. Britain, Austria,
and Russia
against France
27. Napoleon’s
attempt to retake
Saint Domingue

28. Battle of Austerlitz

29. Battle of Trafalgar

30. Peninsular War

31. Russian invasion

& Battle of
Borodino

32. Battle of Leipzig

33. Battle of Waterloo

34. Hundred Days’

Campaign

3
How is each of the following places relevant to the French Revolution or
Napoleon?

35. Corsica
________________________________________________________________
36. Tuileries
________________________________________________________________
37. Latin America
________________________________________________________________
38. Versailles
________________________________________________________________
39. Bastille prison
________________________________________________________________
40. Border between France and Austrian Netherlands
________________________________________________________________
41. Louisiana Territory
________________________________________________________________
42. Iberian Peninsula
________________________________________________________________
43. Elba
________________________________________________________________
44. Waterloo
________________________________________________________________
45. St. Helena
________________________________________________________________
46. Vienna
________________________________________________________________

4
5
Across

1. The foreign minister of Austria, an influential representative in the Congress of

Vienna.
5. The city where a great congress was held in the aftermath of Napoleon.
6. A naval battle where Napoleon lost to the British commander Nelson.
10. The machine on which Louis XVI was executed.
12. Loyalty to your country.
13. In the Old Regime of France, a social class.

14. A country that Napoleon tried hard to defeat, eventually leading to his own
fall.
16. A Jacobin dictator whose period of rule was known as the Reign of Terror.

17. A prison that was stormed during the French Revolution, making that event a
symbolic act of the Revolution.

18. A group of politicians who wanted extreme change and sat on the left side of
the Legislative Assembly.

Down

2. Nobles and others who had left France and wanted to undo the Revolution.
3. The name of the city in Belgium where Napoleon lost his last battle.
4. A vote of the people.
7. Napoleon's first wife, who could not bear children.
8. The island to which Napoleon was exiled for the first time.
9. A group of five men who ruled France.
11. An agreement that Napoleon signed with Pope Pius.
15. The idea of trying to return most of the rulers that Napoleon had removed.

6
Section 1: The French Revolution Begins
Choose the correct answer.

1. Who ruled France before the French Revolution?

a. Louis XVI
b. Louis XVII
c. Louis XVIII
d. Georges Danton

2. French society was divided into 3 classes called:

a. Estates
b. Casts
c. Bourgeoisies
d. Feudal classes

3. Which of the following best describes the members of the First Estate?
a. Land-owning nobles
b. Bourgeoisie
c. Peasants and city workers
d. Roman Catholic Church clergy

4. How much of the peasants’ money was paid as a tithe to the Church?
a. 1/10
b. 50%
c. One-hundredth
d. A quarter

5. Which of the following best describes city workers?

a. Cooks, servants
b. Peasants, farmers
c. Merchants, artisans
d. Clergy, priests

6. Which of the following were the 3 groups in the 3rd Estate?

a. Clergy, priests, bishops
b. City workers, bourgeoisie, peasants
c. Peasants, lords, miners
d. Conservatives, moderates, radicals

7
7. Which Estates were very privileged?
a. First and second
b. Second and third
c. First and third
d. Third and fourth

How much land did nobles in the Old Regime own?

a. 1%
b. 2%
c. 10%
d. 10%

8. The Old Regime was a system present before 1300 AD in Medieval Europe,
specifically Germany.
a. True – all of the statement is true
b. False – some of the statement is false

9. How much land did the 1st Estate in the Old Regime own?
a. 97%
b. 2%
c. 20%
d. 10%

10. Which of the following groups is best described as a middle class?

a. Bourgeoisie
b. First Estate
c. Peasants
d. King’s court

11. How much land did the poorest Estate in the Old Regime own?
a. 1%
b. 2%
c. 10%
d. 50%

12. Which Estate(s) paid around zero taxes?

a. First Estate
b. Second Estate
c. Second and Third Estates
d. First and Second Estates

8
13. The 3rd Estate owned ________ land and made up ________ of the
population.
a. 1%, 99%
b. 97%, 50%
c. 1%, 97%
d. 50%, 1%

14. Louis XVI was a:

a. Strong ruler who gave freedom to his subjects
b. Absolute monarch who was very cruel
c. Outcast from French society
d. Weak leader who couldn’t take decisions

15. To whom was Louis XVI married?

a. Madame Deficit
b. Queen Sardinia
c. Josephine
d. Marie Louise

16. “XVI” in Louis XVI’s title means:

a. 14th
b. 16th
c. 17th
d. None of the above

17. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the French Revolution?
a. Weak leadership
b. Economic problems
c. Spread of Enlightenment ideas
d. Louis XVI’s marriage to Queen Marie Antoinette

18. Which term describes the event during which the Third Estate vowed to stay
on a tennis court to write a new constitution?
a. Bill of Rights
b. National Assembly
c. Tennis Court Oath
d. Estates-General

9
19. The Third Estate created the _____________ when the king and upper
Estates insisted on unfair voting.
a. Old Regime
b. Estates-General
c. National Assembly
d. Great Fear

20. Who was executed by the people during the French Revolution?
a. Josephine
b. Louis XVI
c. Marie Louise
d. Napoleon

21. Observe the primary source below.

PART A: From where was this quotation taken?

a. A live speech
b. A book
c. A newspaper article
d. A movie
PART B: What main idea is the author trying to express in this quote?
a. That the foundation of the government should be the citizens
b. That the lowest estate in French society should rebel
c. That the French Revolution was inevitable
d. That the 3rd Estate is the majority of the French people

22. Which phrase best describes Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette?
a. Extravagant spenders
b. Satisfied couple
c. Strong rulers
d. Unfair dictators

10
23. The poorest Estate was the:
a. First
b. Second
c. Third
d. Fourth

24. The Third Estate:

a. Made the National Assembly
b. Paid no taxes
c. Created the Directory
d. All of the above

25. What was the name of the prison that was stormed on July 14th?
a. Versailles
b. Bastille
c. Estate General
d. Artisanal Prison

26. Why was bread an important asset in France?

a. It was the symbol of the American Revolution, which inspired the
French
b. It was a staple of the diet of the common people
c. It was the 1st and 2nd Estates’ main food
d. Baguette became a symbol of France

Briefly answer each question.

27. What was the Old Regime?
________________________________________________________________
28. CHALLENGING What is a revolution?
________________________________________________________________
29. What were the three groups that made up the Third Estate?
________________________________________________________________
30. Mention 4 causes of the French Revolution.
________________________________________________________________

11
31. Why did the 3rd Estate propose a change in the Estates-General’s voting
rules?
________________________________________________________________

For the writing/ critical thinking questions below, read each question
carefully and write your answer in a well-developed paragraph, or else in
the format demanded by the question.

32. Why were members of the Third Estate dissatisfied with their way of life under
the Old Regime?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

33. Select one of the causes of the French Revolution and analyze how it
contributed to the Revolution.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
34. How did Louis XVI’s weak leadership contribute to the growing crisis in
France?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
35. Why do you think some members of the 1st and 2nd Estates joined the
National Assembly and worked to reform the government?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

12
36. CHALLENGING Observe the political cartoon.

A represents the 1st Estate.

B represents the 2nd Estate.
C represents the 3rd Estate.

How does what you have learnt about the 3

estates help explain the cartoon?
________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

37. Describe France’s economic crisis prior to the French Revolution and how it
contributed to the Revolution.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

38. Do you think that changes in the French government were inevitable?
Explain.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
39. Why was the fall of the Bastille important for French people?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

13
40. CHALLENGING How were the storming of the Bastille and the women’s
march on Versailles similar? How were they different? Fill in the Venn
diagram below.

14
Section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
Choose the correct answer.

1. Which statement best describes the change in French society after the night
of August 4, 1789?
a. Louis XVI was executed.
b. The Old Regime was over.
c. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was written.
d. The Great Fear took place.

2. What was the name of the document written by the National Assembly that
declared all men born free and equal?
a. Declaration of Rights
b. Declaration of Independence
c. Declaration of the Rights of Man
d. Declaration of Liberty

3. Which of the following was NOT an expression in the slogan of the French
Revolution?
a. Equality
b. Fraternity
c. Security
d. Liberty

4. Who wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Women?

a. Olympe de Gouges
b. Marie Antoinette
c. Olyme de Paris
d. Marie Louise

5. How did the National Assembly’s reforms affect the Church?

a. The National Assembly took the Church’s lands
b. The National Assembly declared that Church clergy will be elected and
paid like government officials
c. The Catholic Church lost its political independence
d. All of the above

15
6. CHALLENGING In what ways was the guillotine an efficient means of
execution during the French Revolution?
a. The executions were sometimes enjoyed by an audience
b. Its maker claimed it was painless
c. It was a quick way to behead people
d. All of the bove

7. The National Assembly’s new constitution turned France’s government

system into a:
a. Constitutional monarchy
b. Oligarchy
c. Absolute monarchy
d. Dictatorship

8. The Legislative Assembly:

a. Had no real power
b. Could accept or reject wars
c. Had no power over lawmaking
d. All of the above

9. Which choice best describes the moderates?

a. Right section of the Legislative Assembly
b. Left section of the Legislative Assembly
c. Middle section of the Legislative Assembly
d. They didn’t have a certain place

10. Which group sat on the right in the Legislative Assembly’s meeting hall?
a. Radicals
b. Moderates
c. Liberals
d. Conservatives

11. Which group wanted to completely change how the government worked?
a. Radicals
b. Moderates
c. Liberals
d. Conservatives

16
12. Which of the following groups was NOT part of the Legislative Assembly?
a. Radicals
b. Conservatives
c. Moderates
d. Liberals

13. Which of the following groups was NOT part of the Legislative Assembly?
a. Emigres
b. Sans-culottes
c. Creoles
d. All of the above

14. The Emigres were:

a. Poor workers with no power.
b. A middle class of merchants and artisans.
c. A group that wanted to completely change how the government
worked.
d. Nobles and others who had left France.

15. Which 2 European countries told Louis XVI to restore his position as an
absolute monarch?
a. Austria and Prussia
b. Russia and Austria
c. Austria and France
d. Prussia and Germany

16. What was the name of the palace where Louis XVI was staying with his
family, which 20,000 people invaded?
a. Versailles
b. Estates-General
c. Gaulle
d. Tuileries

17. Why did the September Massacres happen?

a. Rumors spread about Louis XVI’s supporters’ plans to invade the city
b. Prisoners’ riots
c. Louis XVI’s abdication from the throne
d. The National Convention’s refusal to end the Reign of Terror

17
18. What was the name of the new government organization that formed in 1972
made France a republic?
a. Jacobin Club
b. National Convention
c. Legislative Assembly
d. Directory

19. Which of the following men was a member of the Jacobin Club?
a. Maximilien Robespierre
b. Georges Danton
c. Jean-Paul Marat
d. All of the above

20. Which of the following men was a lawyer and one of the Jacobins’ most
talented speakers?
a. Maximilien Robespierre
b. Napoleon Bonaparte
c. Georges Danton
d. Jean-Paul Marat

21. What was the outcome of the Battle of Valmy?

a. France lost
b. France won
c. Russia won
d. Russia lost

22. On January 21, 1793, Louis XVI was killed on a machine called the:
a. Guillotine
b. Jacobin blade
c. Napoleonic cutter
d. Kitchen knife

23. Which choice describes Maximilien Robespierre?

a. A Jacobin leader
b. A dictator
c. Leader of the Committee of Public Safety
d. All of the above

18
24. What was the main task of the Committee of Public Safety?
a. Protect the French Revolution from its enemies
b. Kill supporters of Louis XVI
c. Support Jean-Paul Marat’s election campaign
d. Hunt and kill the remaining Jacobins

25. What is the name given to Robespierre’s period of rule?

a. Great Fear
b. Reign of Terror
c. French Revolution
d. September Massacre

26. Which of the following was a major theme throughout the Reign of Terror?
a. Peace
b. Social stability
c. Death
d. Rebirth

27. Which of the following was a change that took place during the Reign of
Terror?
a. Removing Sunday from the week
b. Opening more churches in Paris
c. Guillotining Maximilien Robespierre
d. Killing moderate politicians

28. After which of the following events did the Reign of Terror end?
a. Napoleon’s death
b. Marat’s death
c. Robespierre’s death
d. Louis XVI’s death
Briefly answer each question.

29. Why were other European countries afraid when they heard about the French
Revolution?
________________________________________________________________

30. How did the National Assembly’s reforms affect the Church? What other
major reforms did the National Assembly introduce?
________________________________________________________________

19
31. What was the Committee of Public Safety’s purpose?
________________________________________________________________
32. Why was Olympe de Gouges executed?
________________________________________________________________
33. Describe the new system that moderates in the National Convention made in
1795.
________________________________________________________________
34. What did the September Massacres show about the mood of the French
people?
________________________________________________________________

35. How did Jean-Paul Marat die? (Consult the History Makers feature on Page
658 of your textbook.)
________________________________________________________________
36. What was the Reign of Terror and how did it end?
________________________________________________________________
37. What reforms took place during the Reign of Terror?
________________________________________________________________

For the writing/ critical thinking questions below, read each question
carefully and write your answer in a well-developed paragraph, or else in
the format demanded by the question.

38. What did the divisions in the Legislative Assembly say about the differences
in French society?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

20
39. CHALLENGING What similarities and differences do you see between the
political divisions in the Legislative Assembly and those in your country’s
government today?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

40. Observe the primary source below.

In which phase of the French Revolution was this quote most likely said? How
did Robespierre justify the use of terror?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

21
Sections 1 and 2 (The French Revolution)

For the writing/ critical thinking questions below, read each question
carefully and write your answer in a well-developed paragraph, or else in
the format demanded by the question.
1. What political reforms resulted from the French Revolution?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. In your opinion, was the French Revolution the cause or result of social
upheaval?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. CHALLENGING There is a saying: “Revolutions devour their own children.”
What evidence from Chapter 23 supports this statement?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think is meant by the statement that the French Revolution let
the “genie out of the bottle”?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

22
5. CHALLENGING Observe the sources below.

PART A: Why are Sources B and C considered primary sources, while Source A
is presented as a secondary source?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

23
PART B: In your own words, summarize the attitude toward the French
Revolution expressed in Source A.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
PART C: Why might Edmund Burke (Source B) be so against the French
Revolution?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
PART D: In Source C, what is the distinction Thomas Paine makes between
nations and courts?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
6. Observe the timeline.

The French Revolution was moderate at first but quickly became radical. How
does the information in the timeline illustrate this?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

24
Section 3: Napoleon Forges an Empire
Choose the correct answer.

1. How tall was Napoleon?

a. 5’3”
b. 3’5”
c. 7’3”
d. 3’7”

2. Where was Napoleon born?

a. Paris
b. Corsica
c. Elba
d. St. Helena

3. At what age was Napoleon sent to military school?

a. 9
b. 10
c. 15
d. 16

4. At what age did Napoleon first join the army as a lieutenant?

a. 15
b. 16
c. 17
d. 18

5. What was the effect of Napoleon defending the National Convention?

a. Losing his title as a lieutenant and being demoted to a dishwasher boy
in an army camp
b. Facing exile to Elba, an island
c. Being hailed throughout Paris as the hero of the hour and savior of the
French republic
d. Getting the order to fight Britain at the Battle of Trafalgar

6. What was the name of the group of 5 men who ruled France?
a. National Assembly
b. National Convention
c. Legislative Assembly
d. Directory

25
7. Napoleon led an army against which of the following forces?
a. Austria, Sardinia
b. Egypt, Australia
c. India, Austria
d. China, Japan

8. Napoleon led an army against which of the following forces?

a. China, Japan
b. Italy, Egypt
c. Prussia, Russia
d. All of the above

9. Against which British commander did Napoleon lose?

a. Horatio Nelson
b. John Bailey
c. Georges Danton
d. Pius XIX

10. What is a coup d’état, literally?

a. Blow to the government
b. Blow to the state
c. Blow to the military
d. Blow to the people

11. Which of the following titles or positions did Napoleon take?

a. First Consul
b. Emperor
c. Leader of France
d. All of the above

12. Which of the following titles or positions did Napoleon take?

a. First Consul
b. Second Consul
c. Third Consul
d. Fourth Consul

26
13. Napoleon created a system with how many consuls?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

14. What did Napoleon’s coup d’état NOT directly enable him to do?
a. Become First Consul
b. Lead France officially
c. Become an emperor
d. Replace the Directory

15. What is a plebiscite?

a. A vote of the people
b. A vote of the government
c. A vote of the consuls
d. A vote of the First Consul

16. What did Napoleon do to improve the economy?

a. Made tax collection and banking systems
b. Create lycées
c. Make the Napoleonic Code
d. Sign a concordat with the Church

17. How did Napoleon end corruption in the government?

a. Dismiss dishonest and corrupt officials
b. Create a strong central government
c. Start lycées to give the government proper workers in the future
d. All of the above

18. Which of the following reforms is NOT attributed to Napoleon?

a. Become emperor
b. Create a strong set of laws
c. Occupy Britain
d. Improve the economy

27
19. Which of the following rights was restricted because of the Napoleonic Code?
a. Education
b. Freedom of speech and press
c. Immigration
d. All of the above

20. What colony did France control in America, now Haiti, that had a sugar
industry?
a. Louisiana Territory
b. Saint Domingue
c. Pennsylvania
d. Canada

21. What happened when ideas of the Revolution reach the people in Saint
Domingue?
a. Civil war
b. French occupation
c. Napoleon’s arrival
d. Sale of the Louisiana Territory

22. Who bought the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon, and for how much
money?
a. President Jefferson bought it for $18 million
b. President Carter bought it for $15 million
c. President Jefferson bought it for $15 million
d. President Trump bought it for $17 million

23. Was Napoleon able to take back Saint Domingue? Why?

a. Yes, because the slaves there were primitive fighters.
b. Yes, because he had a large army and America supported him.
c. No, because his soldiers were devastated by disease and the slaves
were strong fighters.
d. No, because Britain intervened and stopped his invasion.

24. What was the result of Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden’s first alliance
against France?
a. They signed peace agreements with Napoleon
b. They defeated Napoleon
c. They lost against Napoleon
d. They retreated when they saw Napoleon’s strong army

28
25. Observe the primary source below.

PART A: Who said this quote?

a. André Castelot
b. Napoleon Bonaparte
c. Louis XVI
d. He/ she is unnamed in this excerpt
PART B: After which event was this quote said? [Choose 2 answers]
a. A victory
b. A defeat
c. The Battle of Leipzig
d. The Battle of Austerlitz
PART C: What goal did the speaker attempt to accomplish by saying this
quote?
a. Winning an upcoming battle
b. Expressing disappointment in a group of people
c. Encouraging his soldiers
d. Negotiating with an enemy representative

26. Observe the image.

Which geographical barrier helped to protect Britain
from an invasion by Napoleon?
a. Mediterranean Sea
b. English Channel
c. Alps
d. Pyrenees

29
27. What was the outcome of the Battle of Trafalgar?
a. Napoleon’s loss
b. Britain’s victory
c. France’s defeat
d. All of the above

28. What impact did the Battle of Trafalgar have?

a. Ensured the power of the British navy
b. Created tension between Austria and Prussia
c. Removed India from British occupation
d. Gave France a lot of power

29. Observe the image.

Which conflict is shown in the image?
a. Battle of Valmy
b. Hundred Days’ Campaign
c. Battle of Waterloo
d. None of the above

30. CHALLENGING How were Russia, Prussia, and

Austria attached to Napoleon’s empire?
a. He directly controlled them
b. He did not control them at all
c. He manipulated them by threats of military action
d. They were originally French lands
Briefly answer each question.
31. How was Napoleon able to become a dictator?
________________________________________________________________
32. What steps did Napoleon take to end corruption in the government?
________________________________________________________________
33. What did Napoleon’s concordat with Pope Pius VII do?
________________________________________________________________

34. What effects did Napoleon intend the sale of Louisiana to have on France? on
the United States? on Britain?
________________________________________________________________

30
35. What two effects did Napoleon’s loss at the Battle of Trafalgar have?
________________________________________________________________

36. How was Napoleon able to control the countries neighboring the French
Empire?
________________________________________________________________

For the writing/ critical thinking questions below, read each question
carefully and write your answer in a well-developed paragraph, or else in
the format demanded by the question.

37. What reforms did Napoleon introduce? Mention at least 5 of his

achievements.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
38. What steps did Napoleon take to create an empire in Europe?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

31
Section 4: Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
Choose the correct answer.

1. Who was Josephine in Napoleon’s life?

a. She was his first wife, unable to give birth
b. She was his second wife, with whom he had a baby
c. She was his girlfriend before his fame
d. She was not in Napoleon’s life

2. Who was Marie Louise in Napoleon’s life?

a. She was his first wife, unable to give birth
b. She was his second wife, with whom he had a baby
c. She was his girlfriend before his fame
d. She was not in Napoleon’s life

3. Who was Napoleon’s son?

a. Napoleon I
b. Napoleon II
c. Napoleon III
d. Napoleon X

4. A system where a country is not allowed to trade with another country is

known as a:
a. Guerilla
b. Tax collection system
c. Blockade
d. None of the above

5. Why did Napoleon enforce the Continental System?

a. To weaken Britain agriculturally, and thus economically
b. To weaken Britain economically, and thus socially
c. To weaken Britain economically, and thus militarily
d. To weaken Britain morally, and thus economically

6. How did Britain respond to Napoleon’s blockade against it?

a. Britain imposed a Blockade on France
b. Britain waged war against France for the first time in 175 years
c. Britain engaged in the Battle of Trafalgar
d. Britain invaded Spain, which was under French control

32
7. Observe the image.
PART A: Which best describes the image?
a. Political cartoon
b. Instructional chart
c. Ancient map
d. Textual explanation
PART B: Who is shown straddling the globe in the
image?
a. Horatio Nelson
b. Louis XVI
c. Napoleon Bonaparte
d. None of the above

8. Why did Napoleon participate in the Peninsular

War?
a. Because Russia sold grain to Britain
b. Because Portugal didn’t accept the Continental System
c. Because Spain didn’t accept France’s blockade against Britain
d. Because he wanted to attack Belgium

9. Secretly attacking enemy camps irregularly in fast and small-scale operations,

a technique used by Spanish peasants against the French, is known as:
a. Scorched earth policy
b. Open battle
c. Peninsular style
d. None of the above

10. After which event did Napoleon remove the Spanish king and place his own
brother in power?
a. Spanish people’s protests
b. Portuguese attacks
c. Use of guerilla warfare
d. Use of open battle

11. Which Russian czar, or king, refused to stop selling grain to Britain?
a. Alexander I
b. Peter the Great
c. Ivan V
d. Peter II

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12. What is the scorched earth policy?
a. Attacking enemy forces from behind
b. Secretly attacking enemy camps irregularly in fast and small-scale
operations
c. Burning the land and slaughtering livestock so that the enemy does not
find food when it arrives
d. Using defense as an offensive technique, in Napoleonic warfare

13. What was the outcome of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia?

a. His soldiers were trapped into the winter and lost
b. He was exiled in the middle of it
c. He won a triumphant victory
d. His soldiers were all slaughtered by guerillas

14. Immediately after which event was Napoleon exiled to Elba?

a. Battle of Borodino
b. Battle of Leipzig
c. Battle of Austerlitz
d. Hundred Days Campaign

15. What did Louis XVI’s brother name himself?

a. Louis XVII
b. Louis XVIII
c. Charles V
d. Charles XVII

16. Where did Napoleon’s final defeat take place?

a. Paris
b. St. Helena
c. Waterloo
d. Spain

17. What was Napoleon’s last bid for power called?

a. Battle of Leipzig
b. Peninsular War
c. September Massacre
d. Hundred Days Campaign

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18. Where was Napoleon exiled for the first and second time, respectively?
a. Elba / St. Helena
b. St. Helena / Elba
c. Corsica / Elba
d. Elba / Corsica

19. CHALLENGING Observe the primary source below, from a South American
named Simón Bolívar. His country considered giving refuge to Napoleon after
Waterloo.

PART A: In Bolívar’s opinion, if his country gave Napoleon a friendly greeting

it would
a. face misfortune
b. become a great power in South America
c. become a part of the French Empire
d. be attacked by the United States
PART B: Which of the following gives Bolívar’s view of Napoleon?
e. His desire for power cannot be satisfied.
f. He is not ambitious.
g. He cares for the lives of others.
h. He does not want to come to the New World.
Briefly answer each question.

20. How did Britain respond to the Continental System?

________________________________________________________________
21. Why did Napoleon attack Portugal and Russia?
________________________________________________________________
22. Why did Napoleon divorce Josephine?
________________________________________________________________

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23. What strategies did the Spanish peasants and Czar Alexander I use against
the French?
________________________________________________________________
24. Why did the French people welcome Napoleon when he returned from his
exile in Elba?
________________________________________________________________

For the writing/ critical thinking questions below, read each question
carefully and write your answer in a well-developed paragraph, or else in
the format demanded by the question.

25. What factors led to Napoleon’s defeat in Russia?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
26. Why were the European allies able to defeat Napoleon in 1814 and again in
1815?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

27. Use a chart (as shown in the card on the right) to identify
Napoleon’s 3 mistakes and the impact they had on the
French empire.

36
28. In your opinion, which of Napoleon’s 3 mistakes was the most serious? Why?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

37
Sections 3 and 4 (Napoleon)
Place a check mark in the appropriate box, indicating whether each of the
achievements below was done by Napoleon or not.

not
Napoleon
Napoleon
1. Doing the concordat with the Church.

2. Selling Saint Domingue to the US for $15 million.

3. Using the scorched earth policy.

4. Participating in the Peninsular War.

5. Exile to Elba and St. Helena.

6. Becoming an emperor.

7. Creating tax collection and banking systems.

8. Kicking French forces out of Egypt.

9. Conquering England.

10. Not agreeing to the Continental System blockade.

11. CHALLENGING Observe

the chart of dates and
events in Napoleon’s
career. For each event,
draw an arrow up or
down to show whether
Napoleon gained or lost
power because of that
event.

38
For the writing/ critical thinking questions below, read each question
carefully and write your answer in a well-developed paragraph, or else in
the format demanded by the question.

12. Summarize Napoleon’s life. Mention his early life, rise to power,
achievements, final defeat, and exiles.
Optional: In your answer, include 3 relevant dates.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

13. Napoleon had to deal with forces both inside and outside the French Empire.
In your judgement, which area was more important to control? Why?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
14. Do you think that Napoleon was a great leader? Explain.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

39
Section 5: The Congress of Vienna
Choose the correct answer.

1. In which city was a congress was held in the aftermath of Napoleon’s fall?
a. Waterloo
b. Vienna
c. Corsica
d. Paris

2. How long did the Congress of Vienna go on for?

a. 4 weeks
b. 8 weeks
c. 4 months
d. 8 months

3. Russia, Prussia, Austria, Britain, and France were known as the five
“____________”.
a. Great powers
b. Strong nations
c. Grand empires
d. Powerful countries

4. Who was the most influential representative in the Congress of Vienna?

a. Napoleon
b. Metternich
c. Danton
d. Louis XVI

5. Which of the following was NOT one of the Congress of Vienna’s goals?
a. Prevent future French aggression
b. Restore a balance of power
c. Restore Europe’s royal families to the thrones they had before
Napoleon’s conquests
d. Strengthen France’s military

6. Which idea best describes the containment of France?

a. Strengthening France by weakening the strong countries around it
b. Weakening France by strengthening the weak countries around it
c. Balancing France’s power by creating a two-house legislature
d. Decreasing France’s overseas influences by freeing its colonies

40
7. Did the leaders of Europe want to leave France completely powerless?
a. Yes, they did this openly
b. Yes, they did this secretly
c. No, because they were scared of France
d. No, so France remained a major but weakened European power

8. The idea of trying to return most of the rulers that Napoleon had removed
from their thrones is known as:
a. Balance of power
b. Legitimacy
c. Conservativism
d. Liberalism

9. Which best describes the outcome of the Congress of Vienna?

a. Peace and cooperation
b. Violence
c. Social unrest
d. Peaceful protests began

10. To which of the following groups was the Congress of Vienna a victory?
a. Conservatives
b. Monarchs
c. Radicals
d. Sans-culottes

11. What was the agreement signed by Czar Alexander I, Emperor Francis I, and
King Frederick William III, pledging to base their relations with other nations
on Christian principles to combat the forces of Revolution?
a. Holy Alliance
b. Concordat
c. Declaration of the Rights of Man
d. Concert of Europe

12. What did the series of alliances called the Concert of Europe ensure?
a. That nations would take balanced sides in case of a worldwide war
b. The nations would base their relations with each other on Christian
principles
c. That nations would help one another if any revolutions broke out
d. That nations would not conquer lands in Africa without official
agreement

41
13. Who were the Creoles?
a. Colonists born in Spanish America
b. Colonists born in Spain
c. Spanish people born in France
d. Spanish people born in Spain

14. How did the Congress of Vienna affect distant lands?

a. Mexico and other colonies successfully threw off Spain’s control
b. Brazil declared independence from France
c. Napoleon was sent to Mexico after his exile and before his death
d. The Congress of Vienna only affected Europe

15. How did nationalism affect countries that the Congress of Vienna had put
under foreign control?
a. Nationalistic ideas eventually exploded into revolutions
b. New nations formed
c. Many European colonies declared their independence
d. All of the above
Briefly answer each question.

16. How long was the Congress of Vienna planned to last? How long did it last?
________________________________________________________________
17. What were Metternich’s three goals of the Congress of Vienna?
________________________________________________________________
18. How did the Congress of Vienna contain France?
________________________________________________________________
19. Why did European countries devise the Holy Alliance and Concert of Europe?
________________________________________________________________
20. Why is the Congress of Vienna considered to have effects far from Europe?
________________________________________________________________

42
For the writing/ critical thinking questions below, read each question
carefully and write your answer in a well-developed paragraph, or else in
the format demanded by the question.

21. Read the text (from the Connect to Today feature on Page 675).

The Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe tried to keep the world safe from
war. The modern equivalent of these agreements is the United Nations (UN), an
international organization established in 1945 and continuing today, whose purpose
is to promote world peace. Like the Congress of Vienna, the United Nations was
formed by major powers after a war—World War II. These powers agreed to
cooperate to reduce tensions and bring greater harmony to international relations.
Throughout its history, the United Nations has used diplomacy as its chief method of
keeping the peace.

According to the feature, how are the UN and Congress of Vienna similar? In
your opinion, is this comparison valid?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
22. CHALLENGING From France’s point of view, do you think the Congress of
Vienna’s decisions were fair?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
23. How did the Congress of Vienna ensure peace in Europe?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

43