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Life Processes - Nutrition - Notes

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41 views3 pages

Life Processes - Nutrition - Notes

Uploaded by

arjunvaghashiya899
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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6.

LIFE PROCESSES - NUTRITION


All the processes such as respiration, nutrition, circulation, excretion etc. that are necessary for the survival of the
living organisms are known as life processes.
*What are the Modes of Nutrition?: Explain their types.( 2 marks) OR Differentiate between Autotrophic
and heterotrophic mode of nutrition.( 3 marks) OR Differentiate between Autotrophs and heterotrophs
with examples. ( 3 marks)
The two most common type of nutrition are autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.
Autotrophic Nutrition: It is a type of nutrition in which inorganic materials such as carbon-dioxide, is used up
to synthesize organic food by a process known as photosynthesis. For example, green plants use autotrophic mode
of nutrition. Organisms which uses autotrophic mode of nutrition are known as autotrophs.
* How autotrophic nutrition occurs in plants using photosynthesis? ( 3 marks)
For the photosynthesis to occur, carbon-dioxide, water, sunlight and chlorophyll are the required raw materials.
Sunlight provides energy, chlorophyll is used to absorb the sunlight, carbon-dioxide is reduced to carbohydrates
and water is oxidized to release the oxygen. Water is taken up from the soil through the roots.
The site where the photosynthesis occurs in known as chloroplast. They contain green colour pigment known as
chlorophyll that traps sunlight for photosynthesis.
*Steps of the photosynthesis are as follows-
• Absorption of light by chlorophyll.
• Conversion of light energy into chemical energy.
• Splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen.
• Finally, reduction of carbon-dioxide into carbohydrates.
*Draw well labeled diagram of stomata ( 2 marks)
Leaves contain small openings known as stomata which helps in exchange of gases. Stomata/stoma is surrounded
by guard cell which guards the opening and closing of stomata. Guard cells also contain chloroplast.

The overall equation of photosynthesis is: ( 1 mark)

Heterotrophic Nutrition:
In this mode of nutrition, an organism is unable to synthesize its own food. It is of following types-
1. Holozoic nutrition is a type of nutrition where an organism takes in whole food and break it inside the
body. For example, Amoeba.
2. Saprophytic nutrition is a nutrition in which organisms feed on dead and decaying matter. For example,
fungi.
3. Parasitic nutrition is a nutrition in which organism feed on living host. For example, Cuscutta.

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Explain the process of Nutrition in Amoeba with suitable diagram.: ( 2 or 3 marks)
Amoeba takes in food by using temporary finger like projections of the cell surface which fuse over the food
particle forming a food vacuole. Inside the food is broken down into simpler ones which then diffuse into
cytoplasm. The remaining undigested food is thrown out of the cell surface.

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*Nutrition in Human Beings:
Humans alimentary canal starts from mouth and ends at anus. The parts of the alimentary canal are as follows-
1. Mouth 2. Pharynx 3. Oesophagus/food pipe 4. Stomach
5. Small intestine 6. Large intestine 7. Rectum 8. Anus
*Draw well labeled diagram of Human Digestive System: ( 3 marks)

Mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal. Mouth consists of muscular tongue and teeth’s. cavity inside
the mouth is known as oral cavity.
Explain the Mechanism of Digestion of Food in human beings. ( 3 marks)
• Food digestion process begins in the mouth. Food is complex in nature.
• To breakdown food and absorb it, we need biological catalyst known as enzymes.
• Mouth contains salivary glands that secrete saliva. Saliva contains an important enzyme known as salivary
enzymes that breaks down starch into simple sugars.
• The food then passes via oesophagus into the stomach. The movement of the food inside the oesophagus occurs
via rhythmic contraction of muscles, this is known as peristalsis.
• Stomach contains gastric glands that secrete mucus, hydrochloric acid and pepsin. Pepsin is a protein
digesting enzyme.
• After stomach, food then enters into small intestine. Small intestine is larger in herbivores due to cellulose
digestion compared to carnivores.
• Complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats occurs in small intestine.
• Small intestine receives secretions from pancreas and bile from the liver. Bile helps in emulsification of
fats whereas pancreas secrete enzymes such as trypsin for protein digestion. Intestinal wall also contains
glands that secrete intestinal juice.
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• Small intestine has villi that increases the surface area for the absorption of food.
• The unabsorbed food is then transferred to large intestine where water is absorbed.
• Undigested food is then expelled out from the anus.
Some important questions related to nutrition:
1)Where are the following enzymes present? Write their functions ( 1 mark) Pepsin, Trypsin, Lipase
2) What is the role of acid on stomach?
3) What is the site of complete digestion of food in human beings?
4)Why are villi present in intestine and not in stomach?
5) Name the organisms which digest their food outside the body and then digest.
6) Name the secretions of pancreas, small intestine and liver.
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