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 In the indeterminate structure, the final displacements [A] are either zero or known values.
The solution for [P] from above equation gives all the redundant forces. Then, using equations
of static, bending moment and shear forces required at any point may be found.
This method is known as:
(a) Flexibility matrix method: Since, flexibility matrix is used.
(6) Force method: Since, redundant forces are the basic unknowns.
(c) Compatibility method: Since, the compatibility conditions of deformations in the
indeterminate structure give the final equation to be solved.
The following steps are to be taken to get the required solution by flexibility method:
1. Determine the degree of'static indeterminacy n
2. Choose the redundants
3. Assign the coordinates to the redundant force directions
4. Remove restraints to redundant forces and get basic determinate structure
V. Determine the deflections in coordinate directions due to given loading condition in the
basic determinate structure
6. Determine the flexibility matrix
7. Apply the compatibility conditions assign the values to (A)] to computer
[P] = [ [(A -AJ]
8. Knowing the redundant forces, computer the member forces
For assembling deflection Ain released structure and to assemble flexibility matrix [S1, we
use standard methods known in structural analysis like conjugate beam method, unit load method.
The flexibility matrix by structure approach is illustrated by solving a set of problems in beams
and frames.
MATRIX METHOD
METHoD 0F ^TRUCTURAL ANALYSS

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330 Structural Analysis-l
EXample 11.1 Analyse the continuous beam shown in Figure 11.4a) by flexibility matrix method
100 kN
-60 kN/m

B
.5m
.4 m -3 m

Figure 11.4(a): Continuous beam.

Solution
Number of reaction components = 5
Number of independent equations of equilibrium = 3
Degree of static indeterminacy =5-3=2
Select M, and Ma as reundant forces
Therefore, the released structures are the two independent simply supported beams AB and
BC as shown in Figure 11.4(b).

Figure 11.4(b): Released beam.

Thus, coordinates selected are shown in Figure 11.4(b). The bending moment diagram due to
given loads in released structure is known as free moment diagram.
() Inportion AB, the free moment diagram is a symmetric parabolic curve with maximum
ordinates

60x4 = 120 kNm

8

() Inportion BC, the free moment diagram is a symmetric triangle with maximum ordinate
100x 4 =75 kNm
The conjugate beam for the released structure has two simply supported beams A'B' and B'C
M
with diagram as loads. This is shown in Figure 11.4c).
EI
120
EI 75
EI

Figure 11.4(c): Conjugate beam.

1
AL = Shear in conjugate beam at A= v 160
-X4=
EI
 Matrix Method of Structural Analysis 331
Similarly, A, = Rotation at B in A'B + Rotation at B in B'C
= Shear at B in A'B + Shear at B in B'C'

-- 216.25
EI
To find the flexibility matrix, a unit force is applied in each of the coordinate
he resulting displacements in coordinate directions 1 and 2 are found.
directions and
Applying unit force in coordinate direction 1[Figure 11.5(a)] the resulting bending moment
diagram is found; this divided by El value is shown in Figure 11.5(6).

A B
1kNm

Figure 11.5(a): Released structure with unit load in coordinate direction 1.

B'

Figure 11.5(b): Conjugate beam.

Since, conjugate beam is a simply supported beam,
4
EI-x4= 3EI
1: 2
and
e3E1
Similarly, a unit load is applied in coordinate direction 2 as shown in Figure 11.6(a) and the
M
resulting EI diagram is as shown in Figure 11.6(b).
1kNm

A
(a)

(6)

Figure 11.6(a): Released structure with unit ioad in coordinate direction 2. (b) Conjugate
beam.
 332 Structural AnalysisI

3 3EI

2 1, 2. 1 1 x3=
7
and EI 3EI

From consistency conditions, final displacements,

(A, =0, A =o.
Note: A, is the relative rotation between beam BA and BC, hence, it is zero.

Therefore, the matrix equation is:

[6] [P] [A] - [ALJ
42 160
3EI 3EI EI
27 216.5
3EI 3EI EI

4 21P 1-160
3E7|27& EI216.5]
-160

3c 7:2|| -160 -687 -85.875|

-

4x7-2x2-2 26.5 8 -546 -68.250

Final moments and bending moment diagrams are as shown in Figure 11.7(a) and (b).
85.875 68.250

(a)
120
85.875
75
68.250

(b)

Figure 11.7(a): Final moments. (b) Bending moment diagram.

Example 11.2 Analyse the continuous beam shown in Figure l1.8(a) by flexibility matrix method.
Take EI constant throughout.