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IKS - Unit 3 Part 2

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286 views27 pages

IKS - Unit 3 Part 2

Uploaded by

prashantbansodepab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to

Indian Knowledge
System: HS1051
Unit III
 Time – Concept of Kala, Cycles of Time
 Measurement of Time, Knowledge of Time
 The Science of Light, Concept of Matter, Life
and Universe, Gravity
 Sage Agastya’s Model of Battery
 Velocity of Light.
Rainfall Measurement (Rishi Parashar)
Bhāgavata-purāṇa
Rainfall Measuresurement

द्वादशाधधपलोन्मानं चतुर्भधश्चतुरङ् गुलैः ।


स्वर्धमाषैः कृतच्छिद्रं यावत् प्रस्थजलप्लुतम् ॥
 Take a copper pot weighing six palas (1 pala = 48 gms).
 It can hold water of one prastha (1 prastha = 640 gms; in
the case of water it is 640 ml).
 The vessel shall be bored at the bottom with a golden
needle weighing four maṣas (1 māśa = 1 gm) and of
length four aṅgulas (अङ् गुल).
 Leave the pot in water and start a stopwatch.
 Wait until the vessel is filled fully with water and it just
submerges in the water.
 Stop the watch and record the time.
 This elapsed time is Nāḍika (नाड़िका) Ghaṭika (घडिकााः )
.
Two major types of water clocks

Nalikayantra – A tall jar/pot with an outflow orifice at


the bottom. The device when filled up with water at
sunrise (prataḥ) would get emptied at the next sunrise
representing 60 naḍika.
Ghaṭikayantra - The sinking-bowl type of water clock
Time – The elapsed period for the light to pass through the
physical entity.
Length – The measure of the size of the entity.
Weight – The measure of the mass of the entity.

Time Measurement in Ancient India


Time is known as kala कालैः

The time take for light to pass through a


paramanu परमार्ु is considered to be a
smallest measure of time.
Several smaller natural markers of time

Anu अनु = 2 paramanu , Trasarenu त्रसरे णु = 3 Anu


Truti त्रुडि = 3 Trasarenu 0.03 to 35 microseconds,
Vedha वेध = 100 Truti , Lava लाव = 3 Vedha
Nimesh(Moment) डनमेष = 3 Lava (eye wink)
Kshana क्षण= 3 Nimesh, Kaashtha काष्ठ = 5 Kshana
Laghu लघु = 15 Kaashtha , Nadika नाड़िका = 15 Laghu
Nadika नाड़िका / Ghaṭika (घडिका) – 24 minutes approximately.
Muhurta मुहूतत (योग) - 2 Nadika नाड़िका / Ghaṭika (घडिका)
= 48 min

The term Muhurta मुहूतध (योग) is found in


Rig Veda in the sense of ‘moment’

A day is a period of 30 muhurtas , i.e., 24 hours.

The day is divided into 30. muhurta or 60


nadikas as the practical measures of time.
As per existing measurement system

5
Time :: Paramanu 1  1.3110 sec onds
7
Length :: Paramanu 1  2.88 10 mm
5
Weight :: Paramanu 1  5.79 10 gm
Aṅgula अङ्गुल Hasta हस्त
Purusha पुरुष
Distance Measurement in Ancient India
Yuga, the word itself signifies the Ages, which is used to
describe in the Indian History.

Yugas are divided in 4, termed as:-


1.) Sat Yuga (Golden Age)
भ्
2.) Treta Yuga (Silver Age)
3.) Dwapar Yuga (Bronze Age)
4.) Kal Yuga (Iron Age)
Anguli (width of 3 fingers) = 1 Girah
8 Girah = 1 Hath (elbow to the end of the middle finger,
approximately 18" )
5 5/6 Hath = One Kathi 20 Kathi = One Pand
1 Pand= 1 Beesa 20 Pand = One Begah

2 Hath = 1 Gaz 3 Gaz = Two Karam


3 Karams = 1 Kan 3 Square Kans = 1 Marla

20 Marlas = 1 Kanal 8 Kanals = 1 Ghamaon

9 Kanals 12 Marlas = 1 Acre 4 Kanals = 1 Begah


1 Yojan = 4 Kos = 12 Kms = 9 miles
approx
1 Kos = 2 and a 1/4 miles

Dhanush (bow) = 6 feet


Aryabhata's Calculation of the Length of a Day

Aryabhata determined that a day


consisted of 23 hours, 56 minutes, and
4.1 seconds.

This calculation is remarkably close


to the modern value of 23 hours, 56
minutes, and 4.091 seconds.
The Accuracy of Aryabhata's Calculation of
a Year
Aryabhata arrived at a figure of 365
days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, and 30
seconds.
Modern value for a year is 365 days, 6
hours, 9 minutes, and 9.76 seconds.
The Aryabhata's calculation deviates by
just 3 minutes and 20 seconds
Kaṇāda कर्ाद

Parmanu: An eternal particle


of matter
Atoms could be united
together in various ways to
generate chemical
substances in presence of
other factors.
Vaisheshika Philosophy by Kanad

Karma is related to motion.


There are five types of motion.
Upward Motion
Downward Motion
Due to the release of tensile stress
Shearing Motion
General type of motion
Laws of Motion
Ray of light ha seven colors (Spectrum)

सप्त –अश्व-आरुढ Names of Seven Horses

Name Sanskrit Colour


Gayatri गायत्री Violet
Brihati बृहडत Indigo
Ushnih उष्णिह् Blue
Jagati जगडत Green
Trishtumbha डत्रष्िु भ् Yellow
Anushtumbha अनुष्िु भ् Orange
Pankti पङ् ष्णि Red

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