Lecture 1 –

Introduction to
Information
Systems
PREPARED BY: AILA BURI
The Data – Information –
Knowledge Cycle
 Data
• is a collection of facts in a raw or
unorganized form such as numbers
or characters
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 Information
• it is data with relevance and purpose
• data becomes information when it’s
presented in a context so that it can
answer a question or support
decision making
 Knowledge
• when we don’t just view information as
a description of collected facts, but also
understand how to apply it to achieve
our goals, we turn it into knowledge
 Value of Information
• used to find out benefit of perfect
information and if the value is
significantly high, the system should
provide it. If the value is in
signification, it would not be worth
collecting the additional information
Input-Output-Process-Feedbac
k
 Input
• is anything we wish to embed in a
system for some type of use
• represent the basic materials or
resources that will be transformed to
the output
 Process
• takes place in the internal parts of the
computer
• it is the act of taking inputted data
and converting it to something
usable
• represents the operations that occur
to transform the inputs to the desired
outputs
 Output
• or processed information in a usable
format, comes in many different
forms: monitor or printer for visual
work, a speaker for audio
• represents the desired result,
outcome, or goal
 Feedback
• is the element of control
• if the desired output is not achieved,
the process and/or the inputs must be
adjusted to achieve the desired result
 Information System
• refers to a network used to collect,
store, process, analyze and distribute
data
• can help businesses and other
organizations improve their
efficiency, maximize revenue and
streamline their operations
 Types of
Information System
• Data warehouses
• Enterprise systems
• Expert systems
• Geographic information systems
• Office automation systems
 Data warehouses
• data management systems that
support analytics and other business
intelligence activities
 Enterprise systems
• are integrated systems that combine
all the hardware and software a
business uses for different functions
in its operations
 Expert systems
• use artificial intelligence to mimic
human decision-making
• can be applied in areas such as
medical diagnoses, accounting and
coding
Geographic Information
System
• tools that gather, organize, map and
analyze data with a spatial
component
• can improve analysis and
decision-making by allowing users to
visualize data on a map
 Office automation
systems
• combine communication technology,
people and computers to help
perform office activities
Components of Information
Systems
• Hardware
• Software
• Telecommunication
• Human Resources
• Data
 Hardware
• comprises the physical elements of
the system
• essential pieces of technology that
allow humans to interact with
computers and other information
systems
 Software
• are the intangible programs that
manage information system
functions, including input, output,
processing and storage
• can be either open source or closed
source
 Telecommunications
• connect computer networks and
allow information to be transmitted
through them
• also allow computers and storage
services to access information from
the cloud
 Data
• are intangible, raw facts that are
stored, transmitted, analyzed and
processed by other components of
information systems
• often stored as numerical facts, and
they represent quantitative or
qualitative information
 Human Resources
• are a crucial part of information
systems
• encompasses the qualified people
who influence and manipulate the
data, software and processes in
information systems
 Role of Information Systems
• allow users to collect, store, organize and distribute
data—functions that can serve a variety of purposes
for companies
• many businesses use their
information systems to manage
resources and improve efficiency and
some rely on information systems to
compete in global markets
 Computer-based IS
• includes data collection elements,
data storage systems, processing
capacities, network transmission,
indexing services, and the
procedures by which all of these
elements are integrated under a
common electronic architecture
 Business IS
• gets data and other resources of IT
infrastructure as input from the
environment and process them to
satisfy the information needs of
different entities associated with the
business enterprise
 Do you think using
Information Systems in a
Business provide competitive
advantage?
Competitive Advantage
• is achieved when an organization can
do any one thing, process, function,
etc. more effectively and or
efficiently than others in that
industry segment or in some cases
across the entire industry
Competitive Advantage
• Creating a new product or service
• Enhancing products or services
• Differentiating products or services
Career Opportunities in IS
• Network Administrator
• Network Support Personnel
• System Analysts
• Consultants
• Computer Programmers
• Database Support Personnel
• Computer Support Specialists
• Technical Sales and Support
Network Administrator
• are responsible for the technical
support of an organization’s network
infrastructure
Network Support Personnel
• perform network modeling, analysis
and planning; they also may research
related products and make necessary
hardware and software
recommendations
 System Analysts
• analysts identify opportunities for
improvement in business processes
and design computer and systems
related solutions
• help their clients define
technology-related needs and design
a system that is most appropriate for
them
 System Analysts
• they also help an organization realize
the maximum benefit from its
investment in equipment, personnel,
and business processes
 Consultants
• act as systems analysts,
programmers, database
administrators, and troubleshooters
for their clients
• work on short and long-term projects
frequently reengineering processes
or instituting continuous quality
improvement methods
Computer Programmers
• design, write, test, and maintain the
detailed instructions, called
programs, that computers must
follow to perform their functions
Database Support Personnel
• works with database administrators,
systems analysts and programmers to
identify the best method of storing
data for an organization
• usually responsible for designing the
underlying data structures for an
organization
Computer Support Specialists
• provide technical assistance, support,
and advice to customers and other
users
• may work either within a company
that uses computer systems or
directly for a computer hardware or
software vendor
Technical Sales and Support
• good communication skills, technical
knowledge, with the ability to speak
comfortably and easily with others
Do you have any questions?
THANK
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YOU!