BASIC NETWORK PROTOCOLS

AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
 NETWORK PROTOCOLS

 What is a Network Protocol?

A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications
between computers on a network.These rules include guidelines
that regulate the following characteristics of a network: access
method, allowed physical topologies, types of cabling, and speed
of data transfer.
TYPES OF NETWORK PROTOCOLS

1- The Internet Protocol (IP) family contains a set of the most widely used
network protocols, including:
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP )
 Telnet
 GSM
 GPRS
 SMTP
 POP3
 VoIP
 TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL
(TCP)
 On the Internet and many other networks, IP is often used together
with the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and referred to
interchangeably as TCP/IP.
 However, TCP/IP has become standard terminology to refer to either
or both of the protocols.
 The term TCP/IP refers to network communications where the TCP
transport is used to deliver data across IP networks.
 TCP/IP is the MAIN protocol of the internet. Popular also for intranets
using the internet. It is also widely used on many organizational
networks due to its flexibility and wide array of functionality provided.
Also, it enables computers to exchange data with each other in a
meaningful, organized, and efficient way.
 HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
(HTTP)

 HTTP provides a standard for Web browsers and servers to

communicate.
 The definition of HTTP is a technical specification of a network
protocol that software must implement.
 HTTP clients (such as Web browsers) and servers communicate via
HTTP request and response messages.
 FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
(FTP )

 FTP allows you to transfer files between two computers on the

Internet.
 FTP is a simple network protocol based on Internet Protocol and also a
term used when referring to the process of copying files when using
FTP technology.
 SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL
(SMTP )

 SMTP is a set of communication guidelines that allow software to

transmit an electronic mail over the internet is called Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol. It is a program used for sending messages to other
computer users based on e-mail addresses.
 POST OFFICE PROTOCOL 3
(POP3 )

 POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) is the most recent version of a standard

protocol for receiving e-mail. POP3 is a client/server protocol in which e-
mail is received and held for you by your Internet server. Periodically, you
(or your client e-mail receiver) check your mail-box on the server and
download any mail, probably using POP3. This standard protocol is built into
most popular e-mail products, such as Eudora and Outlook Express. It's also
built into the Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer browsers
 POP3 is designed to delete mail on the server as soon as the user has
downloaded it.
 POP and IMAP(Internet Message Access Protocol ) deal with the receiving
of e-mail and are not to be confused with the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP), a protocol for transferring e-mail across the Internet.You send e-
mail with SMTP and a mail handler receives it on your recipient's behalf.
Then the mail is read using POP or IMAP.
 POINT TO POINT PROTOCOL
(PPP )

 Point - to - Point Protocol (PPP) is a communication protocol that is

used to transmit data between two directly connected (point-to-point)
computers.
 Simply, when you establish a connection to your ISP (Internet Service
Provider) through a modem. The connection between the ISP and you
make up two points on the network. Therefore, the protocol that is
used for establishing this connectivity between the two of you is the
Point-to-Point Protocol or the PPP.
 VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
(VOIP)

 VOIP is an acronym for Voice Over Internet Protocol, or in more

common terms phone service over the Internet.
If you have a reasonable quality Internet connection you can get phone
service delivered through your Internet connection instead of from
your local phone company
 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
 Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is the most popular communication
protocols for wireless local area network (WLAN). Wi-Fi provides
Internet access to devices that are within the range of about 20 - 40
meters from the source. It has a data rate upto 600 Mbps maximum,
depending on channel frequency used and the number of antennas.
 WiMAX is Acronym for Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access. Based on Wireless MAN technology. WiMax
developed to provide wireless broadband access to buildings. It can also
be used to connect WLAN hotspots to the Internet. WiMAX is also
intended to provide broadband connectivity to mobile devices. It would
not be as fast as in these fixed applications, but expectations are for
about 15 Mbps capacity in a 3 km cell coverage area
 WIRELESS / MOBILE COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOL
 GSM : GSM stands for Global System for Mobile communications. GSM is
one of the most widely used digital wireless telephony system. It was
developed in Europe in 1980s and is now international standard in Europe,
Australia, Asia and Africa. Any GSM handset with a SIM (Subscriber Identity
Module) card can be used in any country that uses this standard. Every SIM
card has a unique identification number. It has memory to store applications
and data like phone numbers, processor to carry out its functions and
software to send and receive messages
 GSM technology uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) to support up
to eight calls simultaneously. It also uses encryption to make the data more
secure.
 The frequencies used by the international standard is 900 MHz to 1800
MHz However, GSM phones used in the US use 1900 MHz frequency and
hence are not compatible with the international system.
 WIRELESS / MOBILE COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOL
 WLL : WLL stands for Wireless in Local Loop. It is a wireless local
telephone service that can be provided in homes or offices. The
subscribers connect to their local exchange instead of the central
exchange wirelessly. Using wireless link eliminates last mile or first mile
construction of network connection, thereby reducing cost and set up
time. As data is transferred over very short range, it is more secure than
wired networks.
 WLL system consists of user handsets and a base station. The base
station is connected to the central exchange as well as an antenna.The
antenna transmits to and receives calls from users through terrestrial
microwave links. Each base station can support multiple handsets
depending on its capacity.
 WIRELESS / MOBILE COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOL
 GPRS : GPRS stands for General Packet Radio Services. It is a packet
based wireless communication technology that charges users based on
the volume of data they send rather than the time duration for which
they are using the service. This is possible because GPRS sends data
over the network in packets and its throughput depends on network
traffic. As traffic increases, service quality may go down due to
congestion, hence it is logical to charge the users as per data volume
transmitted.
 GPRS is the mobile communication protocol used by second (2G) and
third generation (3G) of mobile telephony. It pledges a speed of 56 kbps
to 114 kbps, however the actual speed may vary depending on network
load.
 MOBILE COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
 1G refers to the first generation of wireless mobile communication where analog signals were used to
transmit data. It was introduced in the US in early 1980s and designed exclusively for voice
communication. Some characteristics of 1G communication are −
Speeds up to 2.4 kbps
Poor voice quality
Large phones with limited battery life
No data security
 2G refers to the second generation of mobile telephony which used digital signals for the first time. It
was launched in Finland in 1991 and used GSM technology. Some prominent characteristics of 2G
communication are −
Data speeds up to 64 kbps
Text and multimedia messaging possible
Better quality than 1G
 When GPRS technology was introduced, it enabled web browsing, e-mail services and fast
upload/download speeds. 2G with GPRS is also referred as 2.5G, a step short of next mobile
generation
 MOBILE COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
 Third generation (3G) of mobile telephony began with the start of the new millennium and offered
major advancement over previous generations. Some of the characteristics of this generation are −
Data speeds of 144 kbps to 2 Mbps
High speed web browsing
Running web based applications like video conferencing, multimedia e-mails, etc.
Fast and easy transfer of audio and video files
3D gaming
 4G Technology : Keeping up the trend of a new mobile generation every decade, fourth generation
(4G) of mobile communication was introduced in 2011. Its major characteristics are −
Speeds of 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps
Mobile web access
High definition mobile TV
Cloud computing
IP telephony
 MOBILE COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
 5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless
standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of
network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything
together including machines, objects, and devices.
 5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data
speeds, ultra low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity,
increased availability, and a more uniform user experience to more
users. Higher performance and improved efficiency empower new user
experiences and connects new industries.
 TELNET( REMOTE LOGIN)
 The main task of the internet is to provide services to users. For example,
users want to run different application programs at the remote site and
transfers a result to the local site. This requires a client-server program
such as FTP, SMTP. But this would not allow us to create a specific program
for each demand.
 The better solution is to provide a general client-server program that lets
the user access any application program on a remote computer. Therefore, a
program that allows a user to log on to a remote computer. A popular
client-server program Telnet is used to meet such demands. Telnet is an
abbreviation for Terminal Network.
 Telnet provides a connection to the remote computer in such a way that a
local terminal appears to be at the remote side.
 Telnet basically like TeamViewer.