Assignment 1

Descriptive Statistics

Instructor: Iman Mohammadkarim

Due Date: September/15/2023

September 8, 2023

Problem 1

The following present a list of different attributes and rules for assigning numbers to
objects. Try to classify the different measurement systems into one of the four types
of scales that we learned in the class.

a) The order in which you were eliminated in a spelling bee as a measure of your
spelling ability.

b) Your score on the first statistics test as a measure of your knowledge of statistics.

c) A response to the statement ”Abortion is a woman’s right” where ”Strongly

Disagree” = 1, ”Disagree” = 2, ”No Opinion” = 3, ”Agree” = 4, and ”Strongly
Agree” = 5, as a measure of attitude toward abortion.

d) Times for swimmers to complete a 50-meter race.

e) Blood type of individuals, A, B, AB and O.

f) The net wages of a group of workers.

g) Your checking account balance as a measure of the amount of money you have in
that account.

h) Your checking account number as a name for your account.

i) Socioeconomic status of a family when classified as low, middle and upper classes.

Problem 2

• Please state how many sources of data are there.

• Provide a complete definition for each type of data.

• Provide some examples for each source/type of data.

Problem 3

Please provide a definition for each term that are stated below:

a) Raw Data

b) Frequency

c) Frequency Distribution

Also list the three types of frequency distribution and state the unique use for each
type of the frequency distribution.

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September 8, 2023

Problem 4

Assume that you had gathered a data randomly from a group of 25 individuals about
their credit ratings in addition Assume that there are five credit ratings available to
have as following:

• Excellent

• Very Good

• Good

• Fair

• Poor

After you had obtained your data from the 25 individuals your results are shows as a
table form below:

Excellent Poor Poor Good

Fair Good Poor Fair
Poor Good Excellent Very Good
Excellent Good Very Good Fair
Excellent Good Fair Excellent

Now construct a Categorical Frequency Table from your gathered data. Please
make sure to include the followings in your table:

• Class Rating

• Tally

• Frequency

• Percentage

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September 8, 2023

Problem 5

Provided with following frequency distributions tables. Identify whether they are con-
structed correctly and if not please indicate the problems and state which of the guide-
lines for classes that I had outlined in the lecture 2 slides page 64 it violates.

Class Frequency
10 - 19 5
20 - 29 2
a)
30 - 39 6
40 - 49 7
50 - 59 1

Class Frequency
100 - 109 14
110 - 119 27
b)
120 - 125 35
126 - 135 19
136 - 145 21

Class Frequency
100 - 109 9
210 - 219 20
c)
220 - 129 8
240 - 249 11
250 - 259 19

Class Frequency
5 - 10 5
11 - 16 15
d)
17 - 20 10
21 - 26 8
27 - 32 17

Please note that as I had mentioned in the class when solving the same
exercise like this, I emphasized that all these frequency tables have
discontinuity problems therefore please discard that issue. You can fix
that problem when you are constructing an actual grouped frequency
table by adding a class boundaries to your table.

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September 8, 2023

Problem 6

• Please find the Class Boundaries, Class Midpoints and Width for the fol-
lowing classes:

a) 45 - 49
b) 10.8 - 19.8
c) 275 - 289
d) 86 - 104

Problem 7

A teacher recorded a class marks/grades of her students on the midterm and the results
came up as following. Pleae construct a Ungrouped frequency distribution for this
class grades.

86 86 70 90 82 90 70
91 75 82 83 95 70 90

Problem 8

GRE Score For The Engineering

• Department Graduate Program The average quantitative GRE scores for the top
30 graduate schools of engineering are listed. Construct a grouped frequency
distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution with 5 classes.

767 770 761 760 771 768 776 771 756 770
763 760 747 766 754 771 771 778 766 762
780 750 746 764 769 759 757 753 758 746

• Furthermore please makes sure that your constructed grouped frequency table
includes the following columns and information:

a) Class Limit
b) Class Boundaries
c) Class Mark / Midpoints
d) Frequency
e) Cumulative Frequency
f) Relative Frequency
g) Relative Cumulative Frequency

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September 8, 2023

Problem 9

Stories in the World’s Tallest Buildings

• The number of stories in each of the world’s 30 tallest buildings follows. Construct
a grouped frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution with 7
classes.

88 88 110 88 90 78 102 55 88 56
79 85 80 100 60 90 77 55 75 55
54 60 75 64 105 56 71 70 65 72

• Please make sure that your table includes all the seven columns stated in the
lecture and those are:

a) Class Limit
b) Class Boundaries
c) Class Mark / Midpoints
d) Frequency
e) Cumulative Frequency
f) Relative Frequency
g) Relative Cumulative Frequency

Problem 10

Grams per Food Serving

• The data shown are the number of grams per serving of 30 selected brands of
cakes. Construct a frequency distribution. Please note that the number of classes
to be used is not mentioned here that means you have to calculate the number of
classes based on your data. I included the formula and the steps to obtain this
value in the lecture slides. Also make sure that your table includes all the seven
columns information.

32 47 51 41 46 30
46 38 34 34 52 48
48 38 43 41 21 24
25 29 33 45 51 32
32 27 23 23 34 35

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September 8, 2023

Computer Exercises
For the following exercises please make sure to use a computer programs such statistical
software R or Excel to construct a grouped frequency distribution tables for the following
data in problem 11 and 12.

Problem 11

Ages of Declaration of Independence Signers

• The ages of the signers of the Declaration of Independence are shown. (Age
is approximate since only the birth year appeared in the source, and one has
been omitted since his birth year is unknown.) Construct a grouped frequency
distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution using R or Excel.

41 54 47 40 39 35 50 37 49 42 70 32
44 52 39 50 40 30 34 69 39 45 33 42
44 63 60 27 42 34 50 42 52 38 36 45
35 43 48 46 31 27 55 63 46 33 60 62
35 46 45 34 53 50 50

Problem 12

Final Exam Grade For Propulsion Class

• The following are recorded final exam grades for the students in the Rocket
Propulsion class. Note the class size is 20.

50 83 76 83 76
43 90 63 50 75
65 45 61 82 80
80 75 76 83 50

Please note that for both problems I had not specified the number of the classes that you
are allowed to use. You need to use the formula that I had provided in the lecture 2 slides.
Now you can calculate it by hand and then input it in R or you can just use the
function() command in R console as I had included in the tutorial pages in the class
website.

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September 8, 2023

Histogram Construction
For problems 13 and 14 construct your histogram for the data by hand.
For problems 15 and 16 construct your histogram using computer software (R or Excel)

Problem 13

Railroad Crossing Accident

• The data show the number of railroad crossing accidents for the 50 states of the
United States for a specific year. Construct a histogram for this group of data.

Class Frequency
1-43 24
44-86 17
87-129 3
130-172 4
173-215 1
216-258 0
259-301 0
302-344 1

Problem 14

Costs of Utilities

• The frequency distribution represents the cost (in cents) for the utilities of states
that supply much of their own power. Construct a histogram for this data.

Class Frequency
6-8 12
9-11 16
12-14 3
15-17 1
18-20 0
21-23 0
24-26 1

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September 8, 2023

Problem 15

Counties, Divisions, or Parishes for 50 States

• The number of counties, divisions, or parishes for each of the 50 states is given
below. Use the data to construct a histogram for this data with 6 classes, 7 classes
and 8.

67 27 15 75 58 64 8 67 159 5
102 44 92 99 105 120 64 16 23 14
83 87 82 114 56 93 16 10 21 33
62 100 53 88 77 36 67 5 46 66
95 254 29 14 95 39 55 72 23 3

Classes in the context of the histogram it is the number of bars in your

graphs.

Problem 16

Protein Grams in Fast Food

• The amount of protein (in grams) for a variety of fast-food sandwiches is reported
here. Please construct a histogram for this data using 8,9 and 10 bars/bins/-
classes.

23 30 20 27 44 26 35 20 29 29
25 15 18 27 19 22 12 26 34 15
27 35 26 43 35 14 24 12 23 31
40 35 38 57 22 42 24 21 27 33

Good Luck