contenders

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
When a body falls freely towards the earth, then its total energy
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) remains constant
(d) first increases and then decreases
Solution:
(c) When a body falls freely towards the earth, its potential energy decreases which intum increases the kinetic energy. Therefore, its total energy remains constant.

Question 2.
A car is accelerated on a levelld road and attains a velocity 4 times of its initial velocity. In this process the potential energy of the car
(a) does not change
(b) becomes twice to that of initial
(c) becomes 4 times that of initial
(d) becomes 16 times that of initial
Solution:
(a) In the given process, the potential energy of the car does not change as it does not depend on velocity.

Question 3.
In case of negative work the angle between the force and displacement is
(a) 0°
(b) 45°
(c) 90°
(d) 180°
Solution:
(d) Work done is negative when force acts opposite to the direction of displacement, i.e. the angle between the two directions is 180°.

Question 4.
An iron sphere of mass 10 kg has the same diameter as an aluminium sphere of mass is 3.5 kg. Both spheres are dropped simultaneously from a tower. When they
are 10 m above the ground, they have the same
(a) acceleration
(b) momenta
(c) potential energy
(d) kinetic energy
Solution:
(a) Both spheres have the same acceleration that is acceleration due to gravity g. Momenta, potential energy and kinetic energy depend on mass which is different for
the two spheres and hence the quantities will differ for the two spheres.

Question 5.
A girl is carrying a school bag of 3 kg mass on her back and moves 200 m on a levelled road. The work done against the gravitational force will be (g =10 m s’2)
(a) 6×103 J
(b) 6 J
(c) 0.6 J
(d) zero
Solution:
(d) The gravitational force on the bag, i.e. the weight of bag is in vertically downward direction whereas the distance moved by her is in horizontal direction. It means
that the force and displacement are perpendicular to each other, therefore no work is done.

Question 6.
Which one of the following is not the unit of energy?
(a) joule
(b) newton metre
(c) kilowatt
(d) kilowatt hour
Solution:
(c) Kilowatt is the unit of power, not of energy.

Question 7.
The work done on an object does not depend upon the
(a) displacement
(b) force applied
(c) angle between force and displacement
(d) initial velocity of the object
Solution:
(d) The work done on an object does not depend upon the initial velocity of the object.

Question 8.
Water stored in a dam possesses
(a) no energy
(b) electrical energy
(c) kinetic energy
(d) potential energy
Solution:
(d) Water stored in a dam possesses potential energy as it is stored at a certain height from the ground level.

Question 9.
A body is falling from a height h. After it has fallen a height h2, it will possess
(a) only potential energy
(b) only kinetic energy
(c) half potential and half kinetic energy
(d) more kinetic and less potential energy
Solution:
(c) When a body falls from a height h2 its potential energy becomes half (as potential energy = mgh ). The rest half of initial potential energy gets converted into kinetic
energy.
Hence, the body will possess half potential energy and half kinetic energy.

CHALLENGERS
1. The formula to find the work done is

a. W = F+s
b. W = F.s
c. W = F-s
d. W = F/s
Answer: (b) W = F.s

Explanation: The work done is defined as the product of the magnitude of the force acting on the body and the displacement in the direction of the force.

2. If a force acting on a body causes no displacement, the work done is—————

a. -1
b. 1
c. 0
d. Infinity
Answer: (c) 0

Explanation: The work done is zero when the force acting on a body causes no displacement.

3. Objects in motion possess energy and can do work; this energy is called———————

a. Solar energy
b. Thermal energy
c. Potential energy
d. Kinetic Energy
Answer: (d) Kinetic Energy

Explanation: Kinetic energy is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest.

4. The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy is ————-

a. Mechanical energy
b. Thermal energy
c. Potential energy
d. Kinetic Energy
Answer: (a) Mechanical energy

Explanation: Mechanical energy = kinetic energy + potential energy

5. 1 kilowatt =

a. 1 watt
b. 10 watts
c. 100 watts
d. 1000 watts
Answer: (d) 1000 watts
Explanation: 1 kilowatt = 1000 watts or 1 kilowatt = 1000 J/s

6. The energy used in one hour at the rate of 1kW is known as ————-

a. 10kWh
b. 1kWh
c. 1W
d. 1kW/h
Answer: (b) 1kWh

Explanation: The energy used in an hour at the rate of 1kW is 1kWh.

7. What are the various factors affecting kinetic energy?

a. Mass
b. Momentum
c. Velocity
d. All the above options
Answer: (d) All the above options

Explanation: Factors affecting kinetic energy are mass, momentum, and velocity.

8. When two identical bodies are in motion, the body with a higher velocity has ————-

a. Lower Kinetic Energy

b. Higher Kinetic Energy
c. No Kinetic Energy
d. None of the options
Answer: (b) Higher Kinetic Energy

Explanation: When two identical bodies are in motion, the body with a higher velocity has higher kinetic energy.
9. State true or false: The object must be displaced for the work to be done.

a. True b. False
Answer: (a) True

Explanation: Two conditions that need to be satisfied for work to be done are: force should act on the object, and the object must be displaced.

10. If the displacement is perpendicular to the force, then the work done is said to be—————.

a. -1
b. 1
c. 0
d. Infinity
Answer: (c) 0

Explanation: If the displacement is perpendicular to the force, then the work done is zero.

Champions

Choose the correct option:

1. The unit of work is joule. The other physical quantity that has same unit is
(a) power (b) velocity (c) energy (d) force

2. The spring will have maximum potential energy when

(a) it is pulled out (b) it is compressed
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a) nor (b)

3. The energy possessed by an oscillating pendulum of a clock is

(a) kinetic energy (b) potential energy
(c) restoring energy. (d) mechanical energy

4. The gravitational potential energy of an object is due to

(a) its mass
 (b) its acceleration due to gravity
(c) its height above the earth � s surface
(d) all of the above.

5. A ball is dropped from a height of 10 m.

(a) Its potential energy increases and kinetic energy decreases during the falls
(b) Its potential energy is equal to the kinetic energy during the fall.
(c) The potential energy decreases and the kinetic energy increases during the fall.
(d) The potential energy is � 0 � and kinetic energy is maximum while it is falling.

6. If the velocity of a body is doubled its kinetic energy

(a) gets doubled (b) becomes half
(c) does not change (d) becomes 4 times

7. How much time will be required to perform 520 J of work at the rate of 20 W?
(a) 24s (b) 16s (c) 20 s (d) 26 s

8. A students caries a bag weighing 5 kg from the ground floor to his class on the first floor that is 2 m high. The work done by the boy is
(a) 1 J (b) 10 J (c) 100 J (d) 1000 J

9. The work done is � O � if

(a) The body shows displacement in the opposite direction of the force applied.
(b) The body shows displacement in the same direction as that of the force applied.
(c) The body shows a displacement in perpendicular direction to the force applied.
(d) The body masses obliquely to the direction of the force applied.

10. One unit of electrical energy is equal to

(a) 3.6 � 10 J (b) 3.6 � 10 J (c) 36 � 10 J
5 6 5
(d) both (b) and (c)

Contenders:

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice
as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

Q.1. Assertion : Work done by or against gravitational force in moving a body from one point to another is independent of the
actual path followed between the two points.
Reason : Gravitational forces are conservative forces.

AnswerAnswer: (c)

Q.2. Assertion : The work done during a round trip is not zero.
Reason : No force is required to move a body in its round trip.

AnswerAnswer: (d)

Q.3. Assertion : Work done by the gravitational force through a certain distance is constant irrespective of the fact that the body
has a uniform or accelerated motion.
Reason : Gravitational force is a conservative force.

AnswerAnswer: (b)
Q.4. Assertion : The kinetic energy, with any reference, must be positive.
Reason : In the expression for kinetic energy, the velocity appears with power 2 and mass is a scalar quantity.

AnswerAnswer: (a)

Q.5. Assertion : A crane P lifts a car upto a certain height in 1 min. Another crane Q lifts the same car upto the same height in 2
min. Then crane P consumes two times more fuel than crane Q.
Reason : Crane P supplies two times more power than crane Q.

AnswerAnswer: (a)

Q.6. Assertion : Watt hour has units of energy.

Reason : Kilowatt hour (kW h) is the unit of electric power.

AnswerAnswer: (c)

CHALLENGERS
Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice
as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

Q.1. Assertion : A light body and heavy body have same momentum. Then they also have same kinetic energy.
Reason : Kinetic energy depends on mass of the body.

AnswerAnswer: (d)

Q.2. Assertion : A spring has potential energy, both when it is compressed or stretched.
Reason : In compressing or stretching, work is done on the spring against the restoring force.

AnswerAnswer: (a)

Q.3. Assertion : When the force retards the motion of a body, the work done is negative.
Reason : Work done depends on angle between force and displacement.

AnswerAnswer: (b)

Q.3. Assertion : According to law of conservation of mechanical energy, change in potential energy is equal and opposite to the
change in kinetic energy.
Reason : Mechanical energy is not a conserved quantity.

AnswerAnswer: (c)

Q.4. Assertion : A winded toy car, when placed on floor, starts moving.
Reason : Toy car has kinetic energy stored in it which facilitates its motion.

AnswerAnswer: (c)

Q.5. Assertion : No work is done when a woman carrying a load on her head, walks on a level road with a uniform velocity.
Reason : No work is done if force is perpendicular to the direction of displacement.

AnswerAnswer: (a)
CHAMPIONS
1) Assertion-The baby has exerted a force in the direction of displacement of the car that time work done by force which is
under positive sign.
Reason-baby does her work by applying force.
a) Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans -Assertion is true but Reason is false.
2) Assertion-The baby has exerted a force in the direction of displacement of the car that time work done by force which is
under positive sign.

Reason-work done is only happen in the presence of velocity.

a) Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.

d) Assertion and Reason are false.

Ans -Assertion is true but Reason is false.
3) Assertion-The baby has exerted a force in the direction of displacement of the car that time work done by force which is
under positive sign.
Reason-work done is only happen in the opposite direction of displacement.
a) Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans – Assertion is true but Reason is false.
4) Assertion-The baby has exerted a force in opposite direction of displacement of the car that time work done by force
which is under positive sign.
Reason-baby does her work by applying force.
a) Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Assertion and Reason are false.

Ans – Assertion and Reason are false.

5) Assertion- The baby has exerted a force in the direction of displacement of the car that time work done by force which
is under positive sign.
Reason-Baby does her work which exerts force in the direction of displacement of a car.
a) Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans – Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
6) Assertion- The object which is in motion posses energy which we generally called kinetic energy.
Reason- Kinetic energy Is the only source of body.
a) Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans- Assertion is true but Reason is false.
7) Assertion-The object which is in motion posses energy which we generally called kinetic energy.
Reason- A moving object always does work.
a) Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Assertion and Reason are false.

Ans -Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
8) Assertion-A moving object always does work.
Reason-The object which is in motion posses energy which we generally called kinetic energy.
a) Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans –Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
9) Assertion-The kinetic energy possessed by an object happened due to its motion.
Reason- The object which is in motion posses energy which we generally called kinetic energy.
a) Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans -Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.

10) Assertion-The kinetic energy possessed by an object happened due to its motion.
Reason- kinetic energy generates from steady position of object which is generally situate on height.
a) Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans – Assertion is true but Reason is false.
Contenders
Very Short answer type questions ( 2 Marks )
uestion 1.
List two conditions which need to be satisfied for the work to be done on an object.
Answer:
W = Fs
Work is done when
(a) a force acts on an object
(b) object is displaced.

Question 2.
Explain the following terms with one example each:
(a) Positive work
(b) Zero work
Answer:
(a) When force acts in the direction of motion of body work done is positive. When a lawn roller is pulled forward, work done is positive.
(b) When force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, work done is zero. A porter carrying load does no work.

Question 3.
From where do we get energy for the life processes?
Answer:
The energy required for the various life processes comes from the food that we eat.

Question 4.
A girl is running along a circular path with a uniform speed. How much work is done by the girl?
Answer:
Zero.

Question 5.
Moment of force and work done by a force have the same units. Then, what is the difference between them?
Answer:
Moment of a force produces rotatory motion in a body whereas when a force does work on a body it produces translatory motion in it.

Question 6.
A coolie is walking on a railway platform with a load of 27 kg on his head. What is the amount of work done by him?
Answer:
Work done by the coolie is zero, as W = Fs cos 90° = 0.

Question 7.
What is the amount of work done by a man in pressing a rigid wall with a force of 400 N?
Answer:
Zero because there is no displacement.

Question 8.
Which law was verified experimentally by James Prescott Joule?
Answer:
Law of conservation of energy.

Question 9.
State the law of conservation of energy.
Answer:
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed from one form to another.

Question 10.
Name the two common forms of mechanical energy.
Answer:
Kinetic energy and potential energy.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Give two examples from everyday life where work is done.
Answer:

 We apply a force to lift a book at a height and the book rises.

 When a bullock pulls a cart, it moves as work is done by the bullock on the cart.

Question 2.
On what factors the work done on a body depends?
Answer:
The work done on a body depends upon two factors:

 Magnitude of the force (F), and

 The displacement through which the body moves (s).

Question 3.
What is energy? What is unit of energy?
Answer:
The capacity of a body to do work is called energy possessed by the body. It is a scalar quantity and is measured in joule (J).
Generally, for practical purposes, a bigger unit called kilojoule (kj) is used (1 kj = 1000 J).

Question 4.
Give any two uses of kinetic energy.
Answer:

 The kinetic energy of air is used to run windmills.

 The kinetic energy of the running water is used to generate electricity.

Question 5.
Give one example each of potential energy
(i) due to position
(ii) due to shape.
Answer:
(i) Potential energy due to position: Water stored in dam has potential energy.
(ii) Potential energy due to shape: In a toy car, the wound spring possesses potential energy, and as the spring is released, its potential energy changes into kinetic
energy due to which the car moves.

Question 6.
(a) What kind of energy transformation takes place when a body is dropped from a certain height?
Answer:
When a body falls, its potential energy gradually gets converted into kinetic energy. On reaching the ground, the whole of the potential energy of the body gets
converted into kinetic energy.

(b) What is the commercial unit of energy?

Answer:
The commercial unit of energy is kilowatt hour [kWh].
1 kWh is the energy used in one hour at the rate of 1000 Js-1.
Question 7.
What is the relationship between the commercial unit and SI unit of energy?
Answer:
We know that,
lkWh = 1 kW × 1 h
= 1000 W × 3600 s
= 1000 Js-1 × 3600 s
= 3600000J
∴ lkWh = 3.6 × 106J

Question 8.
Calculate the work done against the gravity.
Answer:
Suppose a body of mass m is lifted vertically upwards through a distance h. In this case, the force required to lift the body will be equal to weight of the body, mg
(where m is mass and g is acceleration due to gravity). Now,
Work done in lifting a body = Weight of body × Vertical distance
W = mg × h
= mgh
Where W = Work done, and h = Height through which the body is lifted.

Question 9.
What is power? How do you differentiate kilowatt from kilowatt hour? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Power is the rate of doing work. Kilowatt is the unit of power and kilowatt hour is the unit of energy.

Question 10.
Observe the diagrams I and II carefully. An object of mass m is lifted from A to B to height h along path 1 and path 2. What would be the work done on the object in
both the cases? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Work done in diagram I = mgh. Work done in diagram II = mgh. Work done by gravity depends on the differences in vertical heights of the initial and final positions of
the object and not on the path along which the object is moved.

CHALLENGERS
Very Short answer type question
Question 1.
By what factor does the kinetic energy of a body increase when its speed is doubled?
Answer:
By a factor of 4 ( KE ∝ v2).

Question 2.
What is negative work.
Answer:
Work done against friction is a negative work.

Question 3.
Out of a light and a heavy body having equal kinetic energy, which one will is move fast?
Answer:
The lighter body because v = 2KEm−−−−√

Question 4.
What type of energy is stored in the spring of a watch?
Answer:
Elastic potential energy.

Question 5.
When an arrow is shot from its bow, it has kinetic energy. From where does it get this kinetic energy?
Answer:
A stretched bow possesses potential energy on account of a change in its shape. When the arrow is released, the potential energy of the bow gets converted into the
kinetic energy of the arrow.

Question 6.
Can kinetic energy of a body be negative?
Answer:
No, because both m and v2 are always positive.

Question 7.
An electric cell converts which form of energy into which other form?
Answer:
Chemical energy gets converted into electrical energy.

Question 8.
Which instrument transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy?
Answer:
Electric motor.

Question 9.
When an electric bulb is switched on, what energy transformation takes place?
Answer:
Electric energy changes into light energy and heat energy.

Question 10.
What kind of energy transformation takes place at thermal power station?
Answer:
Heat energy is converted into electrical energy.

Short and long answer type questions:

Question 1.
Calculate the work done against the gravity.
Answer:
Suppose a body of mass m is lifted vertically upwards through a distance h. In this case, the force required to lift the body will be equal to weight of the body, mg
(where m is mass and g is acceleration due to gravity). Now,
Work done in lifting a body = Weight of body × Vertical distance
W = mg × h
= mgh
Where W = Work done, and h = Height through which the body is lifted.

Question 2.
What is power? How do you differentiate kilowatt from kilowatt hour? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Power is the rate of doing work. Kilowatt is the unit of power and kilowatt hour is the unit of energy.

Question 3.
Give three examples when the object is not displaced in spite of a force acting on it.
Answer:
Three examples when force being supplied and still there is no displacement are:

 A man pushing a stationary truck.

 A man pushing a rigid wall.
 A boy carrying a basket on his head and standing still. Here, force of gravity acts on the basket, but there is no displacement.

Question 4..
What types of energy transformation takes place in the following:
(i) Electric heater
(ii) Solar battery
(iii) Dynamo
(iv) Steam engine and
(v) Hydroelectric power station?

Answer:
(i) Electric heater: Electric energy into heat energy.
(ii) Solar battery: Solar energy into electric energy.
(iii) Dynamo: Mechanical energy into electric energy.
(iv) Steam engine: Heat energy to mechanical energy.
(v) Hydroelectric power station: Mechanical energy into electric energy.

Question 5..
(a) Derive an expression for kinetic energy of an object.
(b) If the velocity of an object is doubled. What will be change in its kinetic energy?
Answer:
Suppose a body of mass m is moving with velocity v. It is brought to rest by applying a retarding force F. Suppose it traverses a distance s before coming to rest.
Kinetic energy of body, KE = Work done by retarding force to stop it.
i.e., Kinetic energy = F. s …(i) .
But Retarding force, F = ma …(ii)
Initial velocity = v, final velocity = 0
From the equation, v2 = u2 + 2as, we have
0 = v2 – 2as (because here a is retardation)
⇒ Distance = s = v22a ………(iii)
Substituting values of F and s from (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
Kinetic energy, KE = ma × v22a=12 mv2

Question 6.
A rocket is moving up with a velocity v. If the velocity of this rocket is suddenly tripled, what will be the ratio of two kinetic energies? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Initial velocity = v, then final velocity, v’ = 3v
Initial kinetic energy = 12mv2
Final kinetic energy (KE) = 12 mv’2 = 12 m(3v)2 = 9(12mv2)
(KE)initial : (KE )final = 1 : 9.

Question 7.
Avinash can run at a speed of 8 ms-1 against the frictional force of 10 N, and Kapil can move at a speed of 3 ms-1 against the frictional force of 25 N. Who is more
powerful and why? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Power of Avinash PA = FA . vA = 10 × 8 = 80 W
Power of Kapil Pk = Fk . vk = 25 × 3 = 75 W
So, Avinash is more powerful than Kapil.

Question 8.
The velocity of a body moving in a straight line is increased by applying a constant force F, for some distance in the direction of the motion. Prove that the increase in
the kinetic energy of the body is equal to the work done by the force on the body. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

Question 9.
(a) Give one example of each of the following:

 Small mass but high kinetic energy

 Large mass but low kinetic energy

(b) Prove mathematically that the total mechanical energy of a freely falling body in air is conserved.
Answer:
(a)

 A cricket/hockey ball which has been hit hard and is travelling fast.
 A shot put thrown by an athlete

(b) Let the body of mass m at height h above the ground starting from rest, be falling freely.
Total energy of the body at height h
= mgh (PE) + 0 (KE) = mgh
After the body has fallen freely through a distance x (say),
KE = mgh, PE = mg (h – x)
Total energy = KE + PE
= mgh + mg (h – x) = mgh
When it reaches the ground KE = 12m.2gh = mgh
PE = 0, Total Energy = KE + PE = mgh
Thus, the total mechanical energy, which is the sum of KE and PE is always equal to mgh.

Champions:
SHORT AND LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Question 1.
A car is accelerated on a levelled road and attains a velocity four times its initial velocity. In this process, how does the potential energy of the car change?
Answer:
Potential energy (= mgh) does not change as it does not depend on velocity.

Question 2.
What is the angle between the force and displacement in the case of negative work?
Answer:
180°.

Question 3.
Figure shows, in order, five stages of an athlete successfully performing a pole-vault.
Describe the energy changes which take place during the performance of the pole-vault, from the original stationary position of the pole-vaulter before the run-up, to
the final stationary position after the vault.
Answer:
Standing : Potential energy
Run-up : Kinetic energy
Pole bent : Elastic energy
Rise : Potential energy gained
Fall : Kinetic energy gained
On mat : Heat or sound energy

Question 4.
(a) A body thrown at a certain angle to the ground moves in a curved path and falls back to the ground. The initial and final points of the path of the object lie on the
same horizontal line. What is the work done by the force of gravity on the object?
(b) You lift a heavily packed carton of mass m in vertically upward direction through a height h. What is the work done

 by you on the carton,

 by force of gravity on the carton?

(c) Anil is doing work at a rapid rate but works for only one hour. Ashok does work at a somewhat slower rate but continues to work for six hours. Who has greater
power? Who has more energy?
Answer:
(a) Work done is zero. This is because equal and opposite work is done in the two paths.
(b)

 Work done by me is positive and having a value = mgh. This is because I am applying force in vertically upward direction on the carton to hold it and
displacement is also in the same direction.
 Work done by the force of gravity on the carton= – mgh. This in because force is vertically – downward but motion is vertically upward.

(c) Anil has greater power because his rate of doing work is more. Ashok has more energy as he worked for a longer time and the total work done by him in definitely
more.

Question 5.
Four men lift a 250 kg box to a height of 1 m and hold it without raising or lowering it. (a) How much work is done by the men in lifting the box? (b) How much work do
they do in just holding it? (c) Why do they get tired while holding it? (g = 10 ms-2) [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) F = 250 kg × 10 ms-2 (g = 10 ms-2)
= 2500 N
s=1m
W = F.s
= 2500 N × 1 m
= 2500 Nm = 2500 J
(b) Zero, as the box does not move at all while holding it.
(c) In order to hold the box, men are applying a force which is opposite and equal to the gravitational force acting on the box. While applying the force, muscular effort
is involved. So, they feel tired.

Question 6.
A car of mass 900 kg is travelling at a steady speed of 30 m/s against a resistive force of 2000 N, as illustrated in figure.

(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the car.

(ii) Calculate the energy used in 1.0 s against the resistive force.
(iii) What is the minimum power that the car engine has to deliver to the wheels?
(iv) What form of energy is in the fuel,used by the engine to drive the car?
Answer:
(i) Kinetic energy = 1/2 mv2
= 12 × 900 × (30)2 = 12 × 900 × 900
= 4,05,000 J
(ii) Energy used = Work done against resistive force
= Force × Distance
= 20,000 × 30 = 60,000 J = 60 kJ

(iii) Minimum power = Energy used Time taken

= 60,000J1s = 60,000 W = 60 kW
(iv) Chemical energy.

Question 7.
Figure shows a conveyor belt transporting a package to a raised platform. The belt is driven by a motor.
(i) State three types of energy, other than Motor-gravitational potential energy, into which the electrical energy supplied to the motor is converted.
(ii) The mass of the package is 36 kg. Calculate the increase in the gravitational potential energy (P.E.) of the package when it is raised through a vertical height of 2.4
m.
(iii) The package is raised through the vertical height of 2.4 m in 4.4 s. Calculate the power needed to raise the package.
(iv) Assume that the power available to raise package is constant. A package of mass greater than 36 kg is raised through the same height. Suggest and explain the
effect of this increase in mass on the operation of the belt.
Answer:
(i) (a) Kinetic energy of belt or the package.
(b) Heat energy
(c) Sound energy
(ii) m = 36 kg, h = 2.4 m, g = 10 m/s2
Gravitational potential energy = mgh
= 36 × 10 × 2.4 = 864 J
(iii) Power = Work done / Time taken =36×10×2.44.4=8644.4=216011 = 196.36 W
(iv) Mass is increased and power is constant, so increase in potential energy of mass is greater. Also, as mass is increased, speed is reduced and hence time taken is
longer.

Question 8.
The speed of a vehicle of mass 500 kg increases from 36 km/h to 72 km/h. Calculate the increase in its kinetic energy.
Solution:
Given mass, m = 500 kg
The given unit of speed is km/h. It is to be converted into m/s.
1 km/h = 1×1000 metre 3600 second =518m/s
Initial speed, u = 36 km/h = 36 × 518 m/s = 10 m/s
Final speed, v = 72 km/h = 72 × 518 m/s = 20 m/s
∴ Gain in KE = Final KE – Initial KE

Question 9.
A man of mass 60 kg runs up a flight of 30 steps in 15 seconds. If each step is 20 cm high, calculate the power developed by the man. (Take g = 10 m/s2).
Solution:
Height of each step = 20 cm =0.20 cm
Height of 30 steps, H = 30 × 0.20 .
Time, t = 15 seconds
Force exerted by man against gravity
F = Weight of man = mg
∴ Work done by man = Force × Height = mg × H
Power, P = Work / Time =mgH / t
= 60×10×6.015 = 240 joule.

Question 10.
A machine raises a load of 750 N through a height of 16 m in 5 seconds. Calculate the power at which the machine works.
Solution:
Given force, F = 750 N, displacement = height, h = 16 m and time, t = 5
Work done by machine,
W = Force × Displacement = F × h
= 750 N × 16 joule
Power of machine, P = Wt=750N×16J5s = 2400 watt.