OPTION 12 TERM 1

OPTION 1: UNIT 1: LIFE STORIES – GRAMMAR

I. Articles: a/ an/ the or x (no article)

1. Their car can run 150 miles_____an___hour.
2. Is your mother working in_____an___old office building?
3. What do you usually have for___x_____breakfast?
4. Ben has____a____terrible headache.
5. After this tour you have_____the___whole afternoon free to explore the city.
6. Our uncle lives in___the_____Philippines.
7. ___x_____ Jamaica belongs to the Carribean islands.
8. _____the___Statue of Liberty was dedicated in 1886.
9. ___the _____Taj Mahal is one of India's most popular attractions.
10. ___the _____Dead Sea lies below sea level.

II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the followings.
1. I have bought______new shirt which matches______jacket I bought last week.
A. some/a B. the/a C. a/the D. some/the
2. Could you lend me some more? I’ve spent all______money you gave me yesterday.
A. Ø B. the C. a D. an
3. Until recently______economy of______southern United States was based on______cotton.
A. an/the/ Ø B. the/ Ø/Ø C. the/the/the D. the/the/ Ø
4. I still keep wondering if I was doing______right thing when I asked my father for______permission to
leave school.
A. a/ Ø B. the/ Ø C. Ø D. Ø/a
5. We needed______house to live in when we were in London.
A. a B. the C. any D. Ø
6. You are____only person whose opinion is of any value to me in_____present regrettable circumstances.
A. the/Ø B. the/the C. the/a D. Ø/the
7. The boy told me he hated______doctors.
A. the B. some C. Ø D. a
8. Richard Byrd was______first person in history to fly over______ North Pole.
A. the - a B. the - Ø C. the - the D. Ø - Ø
9. He had______laughing eyes and______most charming mouth.
A. the/the B. a/a C. Ø/a D. Ø/the
10. My brother hopes to travel around the world______next summer.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø(no article)

III. Put the verbs into the Past Simple or Past Continuous tenses.

1. What were you doing when I phoned you? – I (have) … was having … a bath.
2. Mary (water) … was watering … the flowers at 3:00 p.m yesterday.
3. Peter and I (do) … were doing … the exercise at this time last night.
4. When I (arrive) … arrived … at this house, he still (sleep) … was sleeping …
5. The light (go) … went … out while we (have) … were having … dinner.
6. While we (cross) … were crossing …the street, we (meet) … met … our teacher.
7. Tom (see) … saw … an accident while he (stand) … was standing … at the bus stop.
8. The children (play) … were playing … football when their mother (come) … came … back home.
9. The bell (ring) … rang … while Tom (take) … was taking … a bath.
10. We (clean) … were cleaning … the house when she (come) … came … yesterday.
11. I used my time well while I (wait) __was waiting_____ for the train - I wrote some emails.
12. I (not/work) _was not working______ when my boss walked in my office. I was on Facebook.
13. I saw a car crash when I (wait) ___was waiting____ for the taxi.
14. Tom (have) _had______ long hair and a beard when he was at university.
15. It started raining while I (drive) ___was driving____ to work.

IV. Multiple choice:

1. We _____to the hospital to visit Tom when he _______ to say that he was fine.
A. were driving - was calling B. drove-called
C. were driving – called D. drove-was calling
2. What _______ to you last Sunday?
A. happen B. happened C. was happening D. would happen
3. Last night, we _______ for you for ages but you never _______ up.
A. waited - showed B. would wait – showed
C. were waiting - were showing D. waited - was showing
4. We _______ dinner when the light _______ off.
A. had-went B. were having-went
C. had been having - went D. have had - would have go
5. I _______ out last night but at the last minute I _______ that I had an English test this morning.
A. was going to go – realized B. went – realized
C. had gone - would realize D. would go - have realized
6. Who is _______ girl over there with Tom?
A. the B. a C. an D. ∅
7. The director needs an assistant with……….. good knowledge of foreign affairs.
A. a B. the C. any D. ∅
8. What _______ terrible weather! Normally _______ weather in the UK is not so bad.
A. the-the B. a-the C. ∅-the D. the-a
9. After a busy day, I went to _______ bed and had _______ most beautiful dream ever.
A. the - the B. a - the C. a - a D. ∅ - the
10. She has visited _______ Portugal but she has never been to _______ Netherlands.
A. the-the B. ∅-the C. a – the D. a – a

OPTION 2: UNIT 1: LIFE STORIES – VOCABULARY

I. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences.

1. He was the most ____talented_____ football player that our school had produced in years His talent for
football was great. TALENT
2. Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le whose great ____achievement_____ was his books on the history of
Vietnam in the 19th century? ACHIEVE
3. He wishes to straighten up and lead a _____respectable____ life. RESPECT
4. His career as a journalist was full of _______distinguished______ achievements. He was a respected and
admired journalist. DISTINGUISH
5. To be successful takes hard work and _____dedication______. DEDICATE
6. Doing things with ______generosity______ will give us true happiness. The more we give away, the
happier we are. GENEROUS
7. Tran Hung Dao was a great _____strategist_____ to lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then
attacked to destroy them. STRATEGY
8. Mother Teresa was a living saint who offered a great example and _____inspiration_____ to the world.
INSPIRE
9. Zuckerberg was forced to shut his website down, but its immense _____popularity_____ and controversy
had made him consider its future potential. POPULAR
10. As the principal founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates is one of the most ____influential____ and richest
people on the planet. INFLUENCE
II. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the followings.
1. Mother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun who devoted her life to serving the poor and destitute around
the world.
A. committed B. dedicated C. committed D. attended
2. Leonardo da Vinci created rare masterpieces of art such as The Mona Lisa' and ‘The Last Supper’.
A. worthless works of art B. invaluable property
C. excellent qualifications D. excellent works of art
3. He was by nature a reserved man but not a cold one.
A. shy B. easygoing C. sociable D. lavish
4. She was brought up in a well-off family. She can't understand the problems we are facing.
A. poor B. broke C. wealthy D. kind
5. The government's plans to cut taxes really stimulated the economy.
A. discouraged B. started C. weakened D. improved

III. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the followings.
1. Although many criticized his seemingly over-generous pay. Henry Ford also pointed out that the high
wage helped the workers to be able to afford the cars.
A. lavish B. open-handed C. big-hearted D. mean
2. We strongly believe that he's innocent of the crime. We do not think that he did it
A. crimeless B. skillful C. clean D. guilty
3. Her identity will never be revealed in order to protect her children from being judged.
A. uncovered B. proclaimed C. leaked D. hid
4. This boy is poorly-educated and doesn't know how to behave properly.
A. uneducated B. knowledgeable C. ignorant D. rude
5. White blood cells help defend the body against infection.
A. fight B. cover C. protect D. abandon

IV. Indicate the correct answer to complete each of the followings.

1. When I ____ home last night, I ____ that Jane ____ a beautiful candle light dinner.
A. had arrived/discovered/preparing B. was arriving/has discovered/was preparing
C. have arrived/was discovering/had prepared D. arrived/discovered/was preparing
2. Tran Hung Dao was a great ____ to lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then attacked to destroy
them.
A. strategy B. strategist C. soldier D. king
3. ____ Emperor Quang Trung was ____ second emperor of ____ Tay Son Dynasty, reigning from 1788 to
1792.
A. The - a - the B. x - a - the C. x - the - the D. x – the - x
4. While I ____ TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor.
A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching
5. Emergency crews are ____ progress in fixing the broken levees, but they are in a desperate race to stop the
flooding.
A. making B. doing C. getting D. becoming
6. When I woke up this morning, it ____.
A. rained B. was raining C. has rained D. is raining
7. Her ____ to medicine was so great that she had little time for anything else.
A. importance B. dedication C. emphasis D. reputation
8. While Tom ____ tennis, Ann ____ a shower.
A. played / took B. playing / taking
C. was playing / was taking D. was play / was take
9. When they ____ in the garden, the phone ____
A. worked / was ringing B. were working / rang
 C. worked / rang D. work / rings
10. A year into his presidency, Barack Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (2009) ____ his promise
to promote world peace.
A. about B. for C. with D. on

OPTION 3: UNIT 1: LIFE STORIES – REVIEW

I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the followings.
1. We ____ to the hospital to visit Mike when he ____ to say that he was fine.
A. were driving - was calling B. drove - called
C. were driving – called D. drove - was calling
2. What ____ to you on Sunday night?
A. happen B. happened C. was happening D. would happen
3. Last night, we ____ for you for ages but you never ____ up.
A. waited – showed B. would wait - showed
C. were waiting - were showing D. waited – was showing
4. We ____ our quality time when the unexpected guess ____.
A. had – came B. were having - came
C. had been having – came D. have had – would have come
5. Since they ____ us they ____ to visit us last Sunday, we ____ forward to the day.
A. were telling - came - looked B. would tell – would visit - would look
C. told – would come - were looking D. tell - are coming - will look
6. I ____ out last night but at the last minute I ____ that I had a quiz this morning.
A. was going to go – realized B. went – realized
C. had gone – would realize D. would go - have realized
7. She hasn't paid as much attention to her children as she ____ since she ____ working.
A. does – starts B. did - started
C. was doing - was starting D. has done - would start
8. My brother ____ at the road when he ____ into a hole.
A. wasn't looking - was falling B. didn't look - has fallen
C. wasn't looking – fell D. won't look - fall
9. Magellan ____ the first European who ____ through the strait.
A. was - was sailing B. was being - was sailing
C. had been – sailed D. was - sailed
10. The first self-sufficient village in Britain ____ the Norman's idea. They were some strange invaders who
____ to change the country in a better way.
A. was – hoped B. is - have hoped
C. have been - were hoping D. was being - had hoped
11. Who is ____ girl over there with Jimmy?
A. the B. a C. an D. Ø
12. We are having ____ terrible weather which is quite strange. Usually ____ weather in UK is not this bad.
A. the – the B. a – the C. Ø - the D. the - a
13. After a hard-working day, I went to ____ bed and had ____ most beautiful dream ever.
A. the - the B. a – the C. a – a D. Ø - the
14. I have visited ____ Portugal but I have never been to ____ Netherlands.
A. the – the B . Ø - the C. a – the D. a - a
15. He left on ____10 o'clock train yesterday to see his father who was taken to ____ hospital last week when
he broke his right leg.
A. the - the B. the - a C. a - a D. the - Ø
II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
followings.
1. Last month, while my friend was traveling round England by the car, he crashed the car into a tree.
2. She was walking to the library to borrow some books when she was seeing a robbery.
3. Please turn off television. I also like watching TV but now I have to study for the exam.
4. He was reading out the data while Sara wrote it down carefully.
5. Many people used to think that learning English is full of the difficulties.
6. The biggest problem with eating too much sugar is that it can cause the diabetes.
7. The most people need healthy eating and enough exercise every day.
8. The doctor said that she was making a relatively slow progress because she was quite old.
9. The moment I was seeing him, I realized I had met him somewhere before.
10. We were talking happily when Jane was coming in and shouted at us.

III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Sir Isaac Newton, the English scientist and mathematician, was one of the most important figures of the 17th
century scientific revolution. One of his greatest achievement was the discovery of the three laws of motion,
(1) ______ are still used today. But he also had a very unusual personality. Some people would say he was
actually insane.
His father died before he was born, and his mother soon remarried. The young Isaac hated his stepfather so
much that he once (2) _____ to burn his house down - when his stepfather and mother were still inside!
Fortunately he did not, and he went on to graduate from Cambridge without being thrown into prison.
Isaac's first published work was a theory of light and color. When another scientist wrote a paper criticizing
this theory, Isaac flew into an uncontrollable rage. The scientist (3) ______ for the criticism was a man called
Robert Hooke. He was head of the Royal Society, and one of the most respected scientists in the country.
(4)_______, this made no difference to Isaac, who refused to speak to him for over a year.
The simple fact was that Isaac found it impossible to have a calm discussion with anyone. As soon as
someone said something that he disagreed with, he would lose his temper. For this reason he lived a large
part of his life isolated from (5) ______ scientists. It is unlikely that many of them complained.
(Source: https://www.biography.com/scientist/isaac-newton)
1. A. which B. who C. that D. they
2. A. shouted B. frightened C. threatened D. warned
3. A. responsible B. reasonable C. guilty D. attributable
4. A. Although B. However C. Despite D. What is more
5 A. another B. others C. one D. other

IV. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the following questions.
Born on June 30, 1985 in Baltimore, Maryland, to Fred and Debbie Phelps, the youngest of three
children, Michael Phelps and his sisters grew up in the neighbourhood of Rodger Forge. His father, Fred, a
former all-rounded athlete, was a state trooper and his mother Debbie was a middle-school principal. When
Phelps's parents divorced in 1994, he and his siblings lived with their mother, with whom Michael grew very
close. Even at the age of 7, Phelps was still a little scared to put his head under water, so his instructors
allowed him to float around on his back. Not surprisingly, despite the fact that later he is very good at
butterfly swimming, the first stroke he mastered was not the easily-practised breaststroke but the backstroke.
At the age of 15, Phelps became the youngest American male swimmer to compete at an Olympic Games in
68 years. While he didn't win any medals at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, he would soon
become a major force in competitive swimming.
In the spring of 2001, Phelps set the world record in the 200-meter butterfly, becoming the youngest male
swimmer in history at the age of 15 years and 9 months. At the 2001 World Championships in Japan, he then
broke his own record with a time of 1:54:58, earning his first international medal. In 2002, Phelps continued
to establish several records including the 100-meter butterfly and the 200-meter individual medley. The
following year, at the same event, he broke his own world record in the 400-meter individual medley with a
time of 4:09.09.
After the London Olympics in 2012, Phelps announced he was retiring from his sport. However, at the 2016
Olympic Games, he came out of retirement and returned to professional competition. This was also the event
which he won one silver and five gold medals, becoming the oldest individual gold medalist in Olympic
swimming history, as well as the first swimmer to win four consecutive golds in the same event, the 200-
meter individual medley.
1. Phelps's father used to be a comprehensive ____.
A. principal B. trooper C. athlete D. instructor
2. The first style of swimming Phelps was good at is ____.
A. butterfly B. freestyle C. breaststroke D. backstroke
3. He didn't win any medals at the Olympics of ____
A. 2002 B. 2000 C. 2012 D. 2016
4. At the 2001 World Championships in Japan, he broke the record of ____.
A. 200-meter butterfly B. 100-meter butterfly
C. 200-meter individual D. 400-meter individual
5. The word consecutive in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. stoppable B. unending C. uninterrupted D. unrestricted

OPTION 4: UNIT 2: URBANIZATION – GRAMMAR

I. Find a mistake in each following sentence and correct it.

1. Henry would rather that his girlfriend work in the same department as he does.
worked
2. It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stops smoking.  stop
3. It is high time I had left for the airport.  left
4. It is important that we be talked about how developed countries have solved the urbanization problems
and propose some solutions to those in Viet Nam.  talk
5. Is it really necessary that we included new information in the conclusion?
 include
6. It is recommended that the presentation were no more than 15 minutes.  be
7. I suggest that we focused on its advantages and disadvantages.  focus
8. Our Geography teacher also advised that we will talk about issues that are familiar and important to our
classmates.  talk
9. It is important that he gets into a good university.  get
10. The teacher demanded that the classroom clean immediately.  be cleaned
11. It is vital that people allow to choose where to live.  be allowed
12. She requested that everyone in my class attends her presentation.  attend
13. It is crucial that urban people don’t look down on rural people.  not
14. Her parents insisted that she studies hard for GCSE.  study
15. The doctor suggested that his patient does not stop smoking.
 bỏ “does not”

II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the followings.
1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I______the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. am reading
2. You are late. If you______a few minutes earlier, you______him.
A. came/would meet B. had come/would have met
C. come/will meet D. had come/would meet
3. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he______everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
 4. His doctor suggested that he______a short trip abroad.
A. will take B. would take C. take D. took
5. We might have failed if you______us a helping hand.
A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give
6. The law requires that everyone______his car checked at least once a month.
A. has B. have C. had D. will have
7. He was busy yesterday, otherwise he______to the meeting.
A. would come B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
8. If there were no subjunctive mood, English______much easier.
A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
9. I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I______it better.
A. understood B. would understand C. had understood D. understand
10. It never stops raining here. I wish it______raining.
A. stopped B. would stop C. had stopped D. stops
11. I should never have said that. I wish I______that.
A. didn't say B. wouldn't say C. hadn't said D. don’t say
12. I miss my friends. I wish my friends______here right now.
A. were B. would be C. had been D. are
13. I speak English terribly. I wish I______English well.
A. spoke B. would speak C. had spoken D. speaks
14. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ______quiet.
A. kept B. would keep C. had kept D. will keep
15. -“What will you do during winter vacation?” -“I don’t know, but it’s about time______something.”
A. I decided B. I’ll decide C. I’d decided D. I’m deciding
16. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise, he______to your birthday party.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. should come
17. The two strangers talked as if they______friends for years.
A. should be B. had been C. have been D. were
18. It is about time you______harder for the next exam.
A. work B. are working C. worked D. have worked
19. The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe. It looks as if it______down.
A. would fall B. falls C. is falling D. is going to fall
20. Team rules require that each player______responsible for memorizing one rule and then for teaching that
rule to all of the players.
A. is B. was C. be D. were

III. Rewrite the following sentences

1. Please don’t tell anyone about it.
=> I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone about it.
2. I would prefer you deliver the sofa this afternoon.
=> I’d rather you delivered the sofa this afternoon.
3. “Why don’t you ask her yourself?”
=> My friend suggests that I (should) ask her myself.
4. She urged her husband to apply for the post in the government.
=> She urged that her husband apply for the post in the government.
5. They insisted on my coming early.
=> They insisted that I come early.
6. An accountant has to master computer science.
=> It is necessary that An accountant (should) master computer science.
7. It is time for us to leave now.
=> It’s time we left now
8. What a pity! Your sister can’t come with us.
=> If only your sister could come with us.
9. Everyone find it important for us to do something to save the environment.
=> It is important that we do something to save the environment.
10. Michael lost his job last month, so he couldn’t buy a car.
=> If Michael hadn’t lost his job last month, I could have bought a car.
11. He regrets applying for the job in that company.
=> He wishes he hadn’t apply for the job in that company.
12. The headmaster insists on every schoolgirl’s wearing Ao Dai every Monday.
=> The headmaster insists that every schoolgirl’s (should) wear Ao Dai every Monday.
13. They advise her to eat less meat and fat to keep herself healthy.
=> It is advisable that she eat less meat and fat to keep herself healthy.
14. Naturally, a child had better respect his parents.
=> It is natural that a child should respect his parents.
15. He needs to come to the interview early.
=> It is necessary that he come to the interview early.

IV. Give the correct forms of the verbs in the blankets.

1. Some managers require that the secretary (be) be responsible for writing all reports as well as for
balancing the books.
2. It is essential that cancer (diagnose)____ be diagnosed __and treated as early as possible in order to
assure a successful cure.
3. It was suggested that Oscar (study)___ study ___the material more carefully before attempting to pass the
exam.
4. It is imperative that a graduate student (maintain)__ maintain ____a grade point average of “B” in his
major field.
5. It is necessary that one (meet)__ meet ____with a judge before signing the final documents for a divorce.
6. I bet she wishes that she never (get)_ had never got _____involved in the whole mess.
7. I'd rather you (not say)__ didn’t say ____anything to John about this conversation.
8. I would rather you (not get)__ hadn’t got ____to school so late last Tuesday.
9. I wish Paul worked as hard as Mary (do)___ does___.
10. John left without a word. If only he (say)__ had said ____something.
11. It has been raining for days now. I wish it (stop)_ would stop _____soon.
12. Frankness is a great thing, but I'd rather you (not repeat) ___ didn’t repeat ___to Miss White what I
think about her.
13. I left my office at four because I was sure Mr. Andrews wouldn't come. Now I wish I (wait)___ had
waited ___for him.
14. I'm afraid very few people know about the concert and almost no one will come. If only the posters
(hang)___ had been hung ___on time.
15. Jack, the security guard at the factory, wishes the robbery (not occur) ___ hadn’t occurred ___on his
shift.
16. The fans proposed that they (stand)_be standing _____there when G-Dragon gets off the plane.
17. It is recommended the candidate (take)___ take ___as many IELTS mock tests as possible before going
for the real exam, which costs nearly $250.
18. The board of executives requested every employee (come)_ come _____to the meeting this weekend.
19. We suggested that you (admit)___ be admitted ___to the organization.
20. It is imperative that you (be)__ be ____ready when the car comes for you.

OPTION 5: UNIT 2: URBANIZATION - VOCABULARY

I. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences.

1. Since the renovation policy launched in 1986, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, has experienced the fastest
____urbanization_____ process. URBAN
2. There has been a rapid ___migration____ of rural people to urban areas for jobs and better living.
MIGRATE
3. Urbanization promotes foreign direct ____investment___ which in turn helps in improving the foreign
exchange reserves of the country. INVEST
4. The support policies for social housing development in Vietnam remained ____ineffective____ as only a
few people were lucky enough to be able to get access to preferential loans. EFFECT
5. Several international organizations want to invest in social _____housing_____ development for the youth
in Vietnam. HOUSE
6. At the moment, finding solutions for ____sustainable___ urban development is one of Vietnam's current
top priorities. SUSTAIN
7. Urban ____dwellers___ must rely on the rural hinterland for agricultural production. DWELL
8. As the world continues to ____urbanize___, sustainable development depends increasingly on the
successful management of urban growth. URBAN
9. A city that grows without these structures in place is at high risk for poverty
and ____instability____.STABLE
10. Some people worry that the city has become ____overpopulated____. POPULATE

II. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. People in the city of Porto Alegre in Brazil, famous for its participatory budgeting have a life expectancy
of 76 years.
A. anticipation B. suspense C. lifespan D. hopefulness
2. Bangalore was renowned for its trees, lakes and pleasant air only 25 years ago.
A. proverbial B. notable C. distinguished D. famous
3. Urbanization brings with it several consequences - both adverse and beneficial.
A. negative B. favorable C. advantageous D. preferential
4. After I had deleted several details in the report, I found out that they contained necessary information.
A. ignored B. described C. erased D. included
5. I just want to stay at home to watch TV and take it easy.
A. sleep B. sit down C. eat D. relax

III. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. This restaurant was highly recommended for good service, delicious food and kind-hearted boss.
A. ambitious and greedy B. attentive and helpful
C. generous and gracious D. polite and friendly
2. Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take the exams, but such gender
discrimination is now disappearing.
A. unfairness B. injustice C. partiality D. equality
3. Without economic security and amid poor living conditions, crime is inevitable.
A. assured B. compulsory C. inescapable D. preventable
4. The absence of effective and representative government exacerbates urban environmental health
problems.
A. aggravate B. heighten C. reduce D. magnify
5. Most of the world's largest cities are considerably smaller by the year 2000 than had been expected.
A. substantially B. slightly C. significantly D. greatly

IV. Rewrite the following sentences using the given suggestions

1. The urban population ratio rose steadily throughout the period.
 There was a steady rise in the urban population ratio throughout the period.
2. There was a continuous fall in the rural population ratio during this 60-year period.
. The rural population ratio fell continuously during this 60-year period.
3. The urban population ratio rose from 25% to 45 % between 1950 and 1980.
. There was a rise/increase of 20% in the urban population ratio between 1950 and 1980.
4. From 1980 to 2010 there was a steady increase in the ratio of urban population.
 From 1980 to 2010, the ratio of urban population increased steadily.
5. The rural population ratio decreased by 50% from 1950 to 2010.
 There was a decrease/fall of 50% in the rural population ratio from 7 950 to 2010.

V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
1. Some managers require that the secretary is responsible for writing all reports as well as for balancing the
books.
- (cấu trúc subjunctive với động từ “require”, sửa “is” thành “be”)
2. It is essential that cancer is diagnosed and treated as early as possible in order to assure a successful cure.
- (cấu trúc subjunctive "it is essential that ...", sửa "is" thành "be")
3. It was suggested that Oscar studies the material more carefully before attempting to pass the exam.
- (cấu trúc subjunctive "it is suggested that ...", sửa "studies" thành "study")
4. It is imperative that a graduate student maintains a grade point average of “B” in his major field.
- (cấu trúc subjunctive “it is imperative that ...", sửa “maintains" thành "maintain")
5. It is necessary that one met with a judge before signing the final documents for a divorce.
- (cấu trúc subjunctive “it is necessary that ...", sửa “met” thành “meet”)
6. The famous Jim Thorpe won both the pantaloon or decathlon in the 1912 Olympic Games.
- (cấu trúc “both...and..” sửa “or” thành “and”)
7. Knowledges about cultures provides insights into the learned behaviours of groups.
- (“knowledge” là danh từ không đếm được nên sửa “knowleges” thành "knowledge")
8. The most bulkiest of the poisonous snakes is the diamond backed rattler, which reaches 8 feet 8 inches
long.
- (so sánh nhất của “bulky” là “bulkiest” nên sửa “most bulkiest" thành "bulkiest")
9. Trees are designed as neither hardwoods or softwoods.
- (cấu trúc “either ... or ... do từ or" không gạch chân nên sửa “neither thành “either”)
10. Copper was the first metal used by man and is still of strong demand because it is a good conductor of
electricity.
- (“in strong demand” là đang có nhu cầu cao - sửa "of” thành “in”)

OPTION 6: UNIT 2: URBANIZATION – REVIEW

I. Choose one word whose underlined part is different from the others’
1. A. round B. ground C. shout D. touch
2. A. travelled B. behaved C. practised D. combined
3. A. threatened B. promised C. injured D. agreed
4. A. bread B. heat C. peak D. steal
5. A. performed B. discussed C. cancelled D. followed
6. A. leave B. teach C. speak D. learn
7. A. count B. doubt C. group D. sound
8. A. happened B. reduced C. survived D. bothered
9. A. deal B. teach C. break D. clean
10. A. supported B. approached C. noticed D. finished
11. A. laughs B. drops C. maintains D. imports
12. A. justice B. campus C. culture D. brush
13. A. wanted B. stopped C. decided D. hated
14. A. century B. culture C. secure D. applicant
15. A. finished B. developed C. defeated D. looked

II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. The organization's long-term goal is to gain a strong position in the European market.
A. short-sighted B. short-term C. short-handed D. short-
tempered
- “long-term”: dài hạn trái nghĩa với “short-term”: ngắn hạn
2. The number of young people finding a part-time job in big cities has fluctuated over the past five years.
A. increased B. decreased C. levelled out D. fell
- “fluctuated”: biến động, trái nghĩa với leveled out”: giữ mức ổn định, không tăng không giảm
3. More and more people are migrating to urban areas to look for better job opportunities.
A. crowded B. quiet C. rural D. spacious
- “rural”: thuộc về nông thôn, trái nghĩa với "urban”: thuộc về thành thị
4. Urbanization has resulted in massive problems besides the benefits.
A. major B. serious C. few D. minor
- “minor”: nhỏ và không quan trọng, trái nghĩa với "massive”: lớn và nghiêm trọng
5. Overpopulation in big cities has severely affected the air and water quality.
A. seriously B. insignificantly C. largely D. commonly
- “insignificantly”: không đáng kể, trái nghĩa với "severely": một cách nghiêm trọng

IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. It is desirable that the hotel manager ____ to call the maintenance staff every 6 months to clean up the air
conditioners.
A. remember B. will remember C. must remember D. remembers
- (cấu trúc subjunctive “it is desirable that ..." chia nguyên mẫu cho "remember")
2. The Principal demanded that the heaters ____ immediately. Winter is coming!
A. are repaired B. be repaired C. were repaired D. repair
- (cấu trúc subjunctive với động từ “demand”, chia nguyên mẫu cho thể bị động “be repaired”)
3. It's vital that the government ____ more on environmental issues.
A. focuses B. must focus C. should be focused D. focus
- (cấu trúc subjunctive “it is vital that ...", chia nguyên mẫu cho “focus”)
4. The boss insisted that Sam ____ at the meeting as he is too talkative for such a confidential project.
A. not be B. isn't C. was D. is
- (cấu trúc subjunctive với động từ “insist”, chia nguyên mẫu ở thể phủ định "not be")
5. The fans proposed that they ____ there when G-Dragon gets off the plane.
A. be standing B. stood C. should have stood D. were standing
- (cấu trúc subjunctive với động từ “propose”, chia nguyên mẫu tiếp diễn "be standing")
6. It is recommended the candidate ____ take as many IELTS mock tests as possible before going for the real
exam, which cost nearly $250.
A. takes B. should take C. must take D. will take
- (cấu trúc subjunctive “it is recommended that ...”, hoặc chia nguyên mẫu, hoặc dùng should+V-bare,
nên chọn “should take”)
7. The board of executives requested every employee ____ to the meeting this weekend.
A. to come B. comes C. come D. must come
- (cấu trúc subjuctive với động từ "request”, chia nguyên mẫu cho "come")
8. We suggested that you ____ to the organization.
A. be admitted B. admitted C. admit D. are admitted
- (cấu trúc subjunctive với động từ “suggest”, chia nguyên mẫu ở dạng bị động, “be admitted”)
9. It is imperative that you ____ ready when the car comes for you.
A. be B. will be C. getting D. are already
- (cấu trúc subjunctive it is imperative that ...", chia nguyên mẫu cho động từ to-be, “be ready”)
10. Olga recommends that his brother ____ the job without reading the work contract thoroughly.
A. should take B. can take on C. take D. not take
- (cấu trúc subjunctive với động từ “recommend”, chia nguyên mẫu ở thể phủ định, “not take”).
11. The doctor advised that the man ____ to a private room.
A. should transfer B. be transferred C. transfer D. must be transferred
- (cấu trúc subjuctive với động từ advise”, chia nguyên mẫu ở thể bị động, “be transferred”).
12. The lawyer was insistent that the contract ____ in the presence of all the parties concerned.
A. sign B. should be signed C. must be signed D. were signed
- (cấu trúc Subjunctive với tính từ "insistent", chia nguyên mẫu ở dạng bị động “be signed" hoăc dùng
should+V-bare, "should be signed")
13. These days, most young people would like to look for ____ jobs rather than secure ones.
A. long-term B. well-paid C. fast-growing D. long-lasting
- (“well-paid jobs" là một collocation, mang nghĩa “công việc lương cao")
14. More and more people are moving to live in the city in search of better ____ prospects.
A. occupation B. jobs C. career D. work
- (career prospects” là một collocation mang nghĩa “cơ hội, triển vọng nghề nghiệp”)
15. People migrate to urban areas on a massive ____ for many reasons.
A. scale B. level C. extent D. number

V. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
New technology helped cities grow. Elevated trains carried passengers over (1) ____ streets. In 1887,
the first (2) ____ streetcar system opened in Richmond, Virginia. Ten years later, the nation's first electric
subway trains began running beneath the streets of Boston.
Public transportation gave (3) ____ to suburbs, living areas on the outskirts of a city. People no
longer had to live in cities to work in cities. Steel bridges also (4) ____ suburban growth. The Brooklyn
Bridge, completed in 1883, (5) ____ the city center in Manhattan to outlying Brooklyn. As a result, New
York City was able to spread out to house its growing population.
Cities began to (6) ____ upward as well as outward. In 1885, architects in Chicago constructed the
first 10-story building. People called it a “skyscraper” because its top seemed to touch the sky. By 1900, (7)
____ skyscrapers up to 30 stories high towered over cities. Electric elevators whisked office workers to the
upper floors.
As cities grew outward from their old downtown sections, living patterns changed. Many cities took
on a (8) ____ shape. Poor families crowded (9) ____ the oldest sections at the city's center. Middle-class
people lived farther out in row houses or new apartment buildings. The rich built fine homes on the (10)
____ of the city.

1. A. filled B. crowded C. crammed D. packed

- crowded” mang nghĩa “đông đúc, nó đi theo cụm từ với “streets”, "crammed” hoặc “packed” thường
dùng cho một không gian kín, ví dụ "a restaurant packed/crammed with customers")
2. A. electronic B. electrified C. electrocuted D. electric
- (electric" mang nghĩa "liên quan đến điện, có sử dụng điện”, bổ nghĩa cho “streetcar system", mang
nghĩa “hệ thống xe công cộng")
3. A. rise B. raise C. place D. way
- (“give rise to something" là một collocation, mang nghĩa “làm cho cái gì phát triển”)
4. A. sped B. urged C. discouraged D. accelerated
- ("accelerate something” có nghĩa “làm cho cái gì đó nhanh hơn”, ở đây đi một cụm với danh từ
“growth...)
5. A. related B. associated C. connected D. linked
- (“linked” ở đây, có nghĩa là "nối”, ý là cây cầu thì nối khu trung tâm với khu ngoại ô)
6. A. expand B. extent C. lengthen D. widen
- (“cities” “thành phố" mà mở rộng, bành trướng ra thì phải dùng chữ "expand")
7. A. steel-framed B. steel-framing C. frame-steeled D. frame-steeling
- ("steel-framed” là một tính từ, mang nghĩa “khung thép )
8. A. alike B. same C. similar D. close
- ( "shape” -“hình dáng” thì tương tự nhau, chọn “similar", lưu ý same” phải là “the same shape”)
9. A. out of B. into C. at D. with
- (“Crowd into” là một phrasal verb, mang nghĩa “đổ về, tràn về)
10. A. suburbs B. corners C. banks D. outskirts
- (on the outskirts of the city là khu vực ngoại ô thành phố, lưu ý, nếu chọn A thì phải là “in the
suburbs")

VI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
If “suburb” means an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the
process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the
nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved
about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830's and
1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for
the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by
proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense
against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In
1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal
maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved
such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.
With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress
conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful
electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric
streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization
that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale
suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle class whose desires for
homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-
family housing tracts.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. The growth of Philadelphia B. The Origin of the Suburb
C. The Development of City Transportation D. The Rise of the Urban Middle Class
- ("The Origin of the Suburb” mang nghĩa “Nguồn gốc của khu ngoại ô", khi đọc bài ta thấy ý chính
của bài là lịch sử hình thành của các khu ngoại ô)
2. The author mentions that areas bordering the cities have grown during periods of ____.
A. industrialization B. inflation C. revitalization D. unionization
- (Đoạn 1, dòng thứ 2 "the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial
city")
3. The word "encroachment" is closest in meaning to ____.
A. the smell of the factories B. the growth of mill towns
C. the development of waterways D. the loss of jobs
- ("encroachment” mang nghĩa là “sự che phủ, bành trướng”, ví dụ “urban encroachment", mang
nghĩa là “sự phát triển đô thị”).
4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage as a factor in nineteenth-century
suburbanization?
A. Cheaper housing B. Urban crowding
C. The advent of an urban middle class D. The invention of the electric streetcar
- (Câu A không được đề cập; câu B ở đoạn thứ 2, dòng 1, “With the acceleration of industrial growth
came acute urban ...”; câu C ở đoạn thứ 2, dòng thứ 3 dưới lên, “emergence of the urban Middle class
whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods”; câu D, đoạn thứ 2, dòng thứ 4 "electric streetcar
networks crisscrossed and connected...")
5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890 most people traveled around cities by ____.
A. automobile B. cart C. horse-drawn trolley D. electric streetcar
- (Đoan 2, dòng 3, "Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar
networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, ...”)