MCQS

1. Which procedure in the interpreting process is considered the terminal procedure?

(A) Decoding
(B) Encoding
(C) Expressing
2. Which procedure involves processing information stored in the "perceptual auditory storage"?
(A) Perception procedure
(B) Decoding procedure
(C) Recording procedure

3. What are the two main ways for an interpreter to perceive a message?
(A) Auditory and visual perception
(B) Tactile and gustatory perception
(C) Olfactory and visual perception
4. What complicates listening in interpreting compared to general listening?
(A) Complexity of process
(B) Language used
(C) Speaker’s personality
5. What supplementary method is important in the recording procedure of consecutive
interpretation?
(A) Visual aids
(B) Note-taking
(C) Repetition
6. What type of memory is most critical in the recording procedure according to Bao Gang (1998)?
(A) Sensory store
(B) Long-term store
(C) Short-term store
7. What does the encoding procedure primarily involve?
(A) Auditory perception
(B) Note-taking
(C) Activation of the target language elements
8. Which skill helps interpreters relieve the online memory load?
(A) Note-taking
(B) Anticipation
(C) Visualizing memorization
9. Which skill involves reducing the storage burden to a few grammatical constituents?
(A) Chunking
(B) Outlining memorization
(C) Reasoning memorization
10. What type of preparation is important for improving listening skills?
(A) Physical preparation
B. Psychological preparation
C. Technical preparation
11. In which procedure is the source language message paraphrased into the target language?
(A) Perception procedure
(B) Encoding procedure
(C) Decoding procedure
12. Which procedure involves understanding and analyzing the source language message?
(A) Encoding procedure
(B) Decoding procedure
(C) Expressing procedure
13. What is a crucial component of the interpreter’s ability during the perception procedure?
(A) Fluency in multiple languages
(B) Good listening skills
(C) Strong note-taking skills
14. What role does the interpreter's memory play in the recording procedure?
(A) It is irrelevant.
(B) It is a minor factor.
(C) It is a crucial role.
15. What can anticipation in listening be generated from?
(A) Emotional tone
(B) Physical gestures
(C) Grammatical, syntactic, and contextual levels
16. Which type of listening involves avoiding distractions and staying alert?
(A) Emotional listening
(B) Passive listening
(C) Active listening
17. Which memorization technique involves forming pictures or scenes?
(A) Outlining memorization
(B) Visualizing memorization
(C) Reasoning memorization
18. How is information typically stored according to psychological and psycholinguistic
experiments?
(A) In chronological order
(B) In alphabetical order
(C) In abstract networks
19. What is chunking in interpreting?
(A) Memorizing every word
(B) Summarizing information
(C) Reducing information into familiar units
20. What do key words and logical links represent in chunking?
(A) Pearls and the thread
(B) Specific sentences
(C) Random information
21. What determines the success of interpretation largely?
(A) Interpreter’s age
(B) Comprehensive recording capability
(C) Speed of speech
22. Which aspect does NOT form a basis for anticipation during listening?
(A) Grammatical level
(B) Emotional level
(C) Contextual level
23. Which memorization strategy is suitable for speeches without good consistency?
(A) Visualizing memorization
(B) Reasoning memorization
(C) Outlining memorization
24. What is the primary objective of teaching interpretation?
(A) To improve vocabulary
(B) To train abilities and skills
(C) To learn new languages
25. What must interpreters pay attention to during the expressing procedure?
(A) Note-taking
(B) Loud and clear voice, smooth and even pitch
(C) Memorizing every detail
26. What is a crucial component of the interpreter’s ability during the perception procedure?
(A) Strong note-taking skills
(B) Good listening skills
(C) High memory retention
27. Which level of anticipation involves the use of conjunctions to predict what may come next?
(A) Grammatical level
(B) Syntactic level
(C) Contextual level
28. What type of analysis helps facilitate comprehension during interpreting?
(A) Logical analysis
(B) Phonetic analysis
(C) Grammatical analysis
29. What does ELK stand for in the context of interpreting?
(A) Extra-Linguistic Knowledge
(B) English Linguistic Knowledge
(C) Expert Linguistic Knowledge
30. What are key words in the context of outlining memorization?
(A) Redundant information
(B) Visual aids
(C) Essential points
31. Which of the following is NOT a type of memory mentioned in the recording procedure?
A) Sensory store
(B) Working memory
(C) Visual memory

32. Which aspect is essential for interpreters to effectively handle different accents and dialects?
(A) Phonetic training
(B) Familiarity with pronunciation rules
(C) Extensive reading
33. How can logical links help interpreters during the chunking process?
(A) By reducing memory load
(B) By enhancing grammatical accuracy
(C) By creating a meaning structure
34. What is one way to manage cognitive load during interpreting?
(A) Taking detailed notes
(B) Using short and simple sentences
(C) Delegating parts of the speech to others
35. How can interpreters ensure the accuracy of their interpretations?
(A) By relying solely on their memory
(B) By frequently consulting dictionaries
(C) By understanding the context and using logical analysis
 Short Question

1. What is the difference between bidirectional and unidirectional interpretation?

Ans. Bidirectional interpretation involves interpreting between two languages in both directions (e.g.,
English to Spanish and vice versa), whereas unidirectional interpretation involves interpreting in only one
direction (e.g., English to French only).
2. Describe simultaneous interpretation.
Ans. Interpreters render the speaker's message in the target language in real-time while the speaker is
speaking, requiring split-second processing and delivery.
3. What equipment is typically used in simultaneous interpretation?
Ans. Soundproof booths, microphones, headsets, and consoles for controlling volume and channels.
4. Why do consecutive interpreters use a shorthand note-taking system?
Ans. To capture key points, names, numbers, and technical terms during the speaker's presentation, aiding
memory and accuracy.
5. What activities do conference interpreters engage in for professional
development?
Ans. Ongoing training, workshops, and professional development to enhance language proficiency,
interpreting skills, and subject matter expertise.
6. Why is confidentiality important in conference interpreting?
Ans. To maintain the confidentiality of sensitive or proprietary information discussed during conferences.
7. Describe LANGUAGE PAIRS AND DIRECTIONALITY?
Ans. Conference interpreters work in specific language pairs, meaning they interpret from one language
(source language) into another (target language).
Interpretation can be bidirectional (e.g., English to Spanish and vice versa) or unidirectional (e.g., English
to French only).
8. What are the three types of memory involved in interpreting?
Ans. Sensory store (perception), short-term store (working memory), and long-term store (permanent
memory) are involved, with working memory being most critical for interpreting.

9. Why is anticipation important in listening skills?

Ans. Anticipation helps reduce memory load by predicting upcoming content based on grammatical,
syntactic, and contextual clues, enhancing processing efficiency.
10. What is visualizing memorization and how does it help interpreters?
Ans. Visualizing memorization involves creating mental images of the speaker's message, aiding in better
retention and recall of information during interpretation.
11. Describe The Decoding Procedure?
Ans. The decoding procedure in interpreting is a crucial stage where the interpreter processes the
information stored in the perceptual auditory storage. During this process, the interpreter extracts necessary
information from both linguistic and non-linguistic codes, relying on their linguistic competence and
background knowledge.
12. Difference between The Recording Procedure the Encoding Procedure?
Ans. The Recording Procedure: In this procedure, the interpreter’s memory plays a crucial role and is a
decisive factor in whether this procedure is successful or not or at least in how much the interpreter can
get from the source’s speech. A supplementary way of securing this procedure is note-taking, which
seems to be more important in consecutive interpretation.
The Encoding: This procedure includes the activation of the target language (TL) elements found in the
long-term memory, as well as syntactic and semantic word processing and word-string processing
according to the TL syntactic and semantic information stored in long-term memory. The result is a
paraphrase in TL of the source language message.
 13. Write the name of branches OF Re-expression Skills?
Ans.
1. Timely adjustment 4. Reformulation
2. Adding information 5. Paraphrasing and explaining
3. Reconstructing the segmental
information in context

14. Describe Reasoning memorization?

Ans. Psychological and psycholinguistic experiments show that information is stored in form of abstract
network. Reasoning memorization requires interpreters to make good use of the relationship among
different information to combine bigger information units. This way of memorization is suitable for those
boring speeches without good consistence.
15. Describe Adding information?
Ans. Due to the difference in culture and habits, sometimes, interpreters need add some words or change
the sentence structure to express the speaker’s meaning. The interpretation adds one word
“characterized”, but the meaning becomes more clearly.

Long Question
1.DEFINE A BRIEF HISTORY OF CONFERENCE INTERPRETING FROM ARABIC INTO
ENGLISH?.
➢ Conference interpreting from Arabic into English has roots dating back to ancient
civilizations like Egypt, evidenced by interpreting found on funeral monuments from 3,000
BC.
➢ The Paris Peace Conference in 1919 marked a significant milestone, requiring consecutive
interpreting due to the diverse languages spoken by participating countries, laying the
foundation for professional conference interpreting.
➢ The Nuremberg Trials post-World War II pioneered simultaneous interpreting,
revolutionizing the field and becoming crucial for international institutions like the United
Nations.
➢ The exploration era of the 15th century emphasized the need for interpreters, such as
Christopher Columbus bringing Arabic and Hebrew interpreters on his voyages,
highlighting the importance of effective communication for diplomatic and commercial
purposes.
➢ Today, conference interpreters facilitate communication between Arabic and English
speakers at crucial events, showcasing the profession's evolution from ancient recognition
of the need for interpreters to modern professional standards.

2.DEFINE BASICS OF CONFERENCE INTERPRETING?

Conference interpreting is a specialized form of interpretation used in conferences, meetings, and
international events to facilitate communication between speakers of different languages. Here are some
basics of conference interpreting:
LANGUAGE PAIRS: Conference interpreters work with specific language pairs, meaning they are
proficient in interpreting between two particular languages.
BOOTH SETUP: Simultaneous interpreters often work from soundproof booths equipped with audio
equipment. Listeners use headphones to hear the interpreted message.
PREPARATION: Interpreters typically receive materials in advance, such as conference agendas,
presentations, and background information, to prepare for the topics that will be discussed.
ACTIVE LISTENING: Interpreters must listen carefully to the speaker's message while simultaneously
formulating and delivering it in the target language.
NOTE-TAKING: Consecutive interpreters often use note-taking techniques to remember key points and
details during the speaker's pauses.
NEUTRAL TONE: Interpreters maintain a neutral tone and do not inject personal opinions or emotions
into the interpretation. The goal is to convey the speaker's message accurately.
TEAM WORK: In large conferences, teams of interpreters may work in shifts to ensure accuracy and
prevent fatigue.
TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY: Interpreters need to be familiar with a wide range of technical
terminology related to the conference topics, especially in specialized fields such as science, law, or
medicine.
ETHICS: Interpreters adhere to a strict code of ethics, including confidentiality and impartiality. They do
not disclose information learned during interpretation.

3.Define Key memory enhancement techniques in conference interpreting?

o ACTIVE LISTENING: Interpreters must actively listen to the speaker, focusing on the
meaning and context rather than just the words. This helps them better retain and comprehend
the information.
o CHUNKING: Dividing the speech into logical, manageable "chunks" makes it easier for
interpreters to process and store the information in their short-term memory.
o VISUALIZATION: Creating mental images or visualizations of the concepts being discussed
can aid in recalling the information during interpretation.
o MNEMONIC DEVICES: Using memory aids like acronyms, rhymes, or associations can
help interpreters remember key terms, names, or data.
o NOTE-TAKING: Effective note-taking techniques, such as using abbreviations, symbols, and
a personalized shorthand, allow interpreters to capture the essence of the speech for later recall.

4.Define just five MANNERS, ETHICS, AND PROTOCOL OF CONFERENCE

INTERPRETING?
Conference interpreting involves not only linguistic skills but also a strong adherence to manners, ethics,
and protocol. Interpreters play a crucial role in facilitating communication between individuals who speak
different languages, often in high-stakes and formal settings. Here are some essential aspects of manners,
ethics, and protocol in conference interpreting:
1. Neutrality and Impartiality: Interpreters must maintain strict neutrality and impartiality, refraining
from expressing personal opinions or biases. The interpreter's role is to faithfully convey the speaker's
message without adding personal commentary.
2. Confidentiality: Interpreters adhere to strict confidentiality regarding the content of discussions and
information shared during conferences. They do not disclose any sensitive or confidential information
learned during the course of their work.
3. Professional Demeanor: Interpreters maintain a professional and unobtrusive demeanor during
conferences. They avoid drawing attention to themselves and remain focused on their task.
4. Punctuality and Preparedness: Interpreters arrive well in advance of the conference to set up their
equipment and ensure everything is in order. They are thoroughly prepared for the subject matter and
have reviewed any materials provided in advance.
5. Cultural Sensitivity: Interpreters must be culturally sensitive, understanding the cultural nuances of
both the source and target languages. They consider cultural differences in communication styles,
gestures, and etiquette.
BEST OF LUCK