BENGALURU CITY UNIVERSITY

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

(Semester Scheme with Multiple Entry and Exit Options for

Under Graduate Course- as per NEP 2020)

Syllabus for Physics

(III & IV Semester)

2022-23 onwards
 Board of Studies in Physics (UG) Members

Professor. B Eraiah (Chairman) Dept. Physics, Bangalore University, Bengaluru-56

Sri G Ramesha, PES College, Hanumantha nagar, Bengaluru-50

Dr. R.S. Muralidhara PES College, Hanumantha nagar, Bengaluru-50

Dr. Vasu Vivekananda Degree College, Bengaluru-5

Dr. A S Govind, Vijaya College, R.V. Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru -04

Dr. P Aswini Vijaya College, R.V. Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru -04

Dr. K C Radha, Vijaya College, R.V. Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru -04

Dr. K. S. Suresh Vijaya College, R.V. Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru -04

Smt. Manjula S N SJR College for Women, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru-03

Dr. V S Rohini Nrupathunga University, Nrupathunga Road, Bengaluru-01

Date: 07.09.2022
Place: Bengaluru

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 Proceedings of the BOS (UG) Physics Meeting held on 07.09.2022 at 11 am in the
Syndicate Hall. Administrative Office, Central College Campus, Bangalore City
University, Bengaluru-560001
The following agenda was discussed (1) 3rd and 4th Semester BSc Syllabus of Physics papers
(2) Panel of Examiners and BOE (proposed)for the academic year 2022-2023. After elaborate
discussions and suitable modifications, the members of the BOS approved both the agenda.

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 Course Structure
(Major Discipline: Physics)
Semester 1- 10
Discipline Core
SEMESTER
Theory (DSCT)
Core Papers

SEMESTER -1 Phy.DSCT1 Mechanics & Properties of Matter

SEMESTER -2 Phy.DSCT2 Electricity and Magnetism
SEMESTER -3 Phy.DSCT3 )
Wave motion and optics
SEMESTER -4 Phy.DSCT4 Thermal Physics &Electronics
SEMESTER -5 Phy.DSCT5 1.Classical Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics-I
2. Elements of Atomic, Molecular Physics
Phy.DSCT6

SEMESTER -6 Phy.DSCT7 1.Elementsof Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Instruments

2.Elementsof Condensed Matter Physics
Phy.DSCT8

SEMESTER -7 Phy.DSCT9 1. Mathematical Methods of Physics – I

2. Classical Electrodynamics.
Phy.DSCT10
3. Experimental methods of Physics
Phy.DSCT11 4. Research Methodology
SEMESTER -8 Phy.DSCT12 1. (Select
ClassicalTwo DSE subjects
Mechanics from theMechanics-II
and Quantum Pool B-I shown below)
Phy.DSCT13 2. Statistical Mechanics
3. Astrophysics &Astronomy
Phy.DSCT14 4.
Research Project*
(Select Two DSE subjects from the Pool B-II shown below)
*In lieu of the research Project, two additional elective papers/ Internship may be
offered.
SEMESTER -9 Phy.DSCT15 1. Mathematical Methods of Physics – II
(Select One DSE subjects from the Pool B-III shown below)
2. Research Project
SEMESTER -10 Phy.DSCT17 1. Quantum Mechanics – III
(Select One DSE subjects from the Pool B-IV shown below)
2. Research Project

Open Electives

1st Semester
1. Phy-OE1: Energy Sources
2. *Phy-OE2: Physics for All.
nd
2 Semester
3. Phy-OE3: Atmospheric Science
4. Phy-OE4: Sports Science
3rd Semester
5. Phy-OE5: Optical Instruments
6. Phy-OE6: Elements of Astronomy and Astrophysics
and Astronomy
4th Semester
7. Phy-OE7: Medical Physics
8. Phy-OE9: ElectricalInstruments
*Students who have chosen Phy-DST1 are not eligible to take Open Elective
paper Phy-OE2.

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 Discipline Specific Electives for 7 to 10 Semesters

th th
7 Sem Electives 8 Sem Electives
Pool B-I (Select any two) Pool B-II (Select any two)
A. Condensed Matter Physics-1 A. Atomic &Molecular Physics-1
B. Nuclear and Particle Physics B. Materials Physics &Nano materials
C. Theoretical and Computational Physics-I C. Lasers and non-linear optics
D. Biophysics D. Plasma Physics
E. Astronomy and Astrophysics E. Physics of Semiconductor devices

th th
9 Sem Electives (Specialization papers) 10 Sem Electives (Specialization papers)
Pool B-III Pool B-IV
A. Condensed Matter Physics-2 A. Condensed Matter Physics-3
B. Nuclear and Particle Physics-2 B. Nuclear and Particle Physics-3
C. Atomic &Molecular spectroscopy-1 C. Atomic &Molecular spectroscopy-2
D. Materials Physics &Nanophysics–1 D. MaterialsPhysics&Nanophysics-2
E. Theoretical and Computational Physics-I E. TheoreticalandComputationalPhysics-2
F. Astronomy and Astrophysics-1 F. Astronomy and Astrophysics-2

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 Detailed Syllabus
for 3rd & 4th Semester Physics Papers
Under-Graduate(UG) B.Sc/B.Sc (Hon) Program
Framed according to the National Education Policy (NEP)

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 3rdSemester BSc

Phy-DSCT3: Wave Motion and Optics Course Credits (L+T+P) : 4+0+1

Total Contact Hours: 52 Duration of ESA: 4 hours

Program Outcomes:
1. Disciplinary knowledge
2. Communication Skills
3. Critical thinking, Reflective thinking, Analytical reasoning, Scientific reasoning
4. Problem-solving
5. Research-related skills
6. Cooperation/ Teamwork/ Leadership readiness/Qualities
7. Information/ Digital literacy/Modern Tool Usage
8. Environment and Sustainability
9. Multicultural competence
10. Multi-Disciplinary
11. Moral and ethical awareness/Reasoning
12. Lifelong learning / Self Directed Learning
Prerequisites
i. Fundamentals of waves

Course Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course students it should be ensured that students understand the following
i. Identify different types of waves by looking into their characteristics.
ii. Formulate a wave equation and obtain the expression for different parameters associated with waves.

iii. Explain and give a mathematical treatment of the superposition of waves under different conditions,
such as, when they overlap linearly and perpendicularly with equal or different frequencies and equal
or different phases.

iv. Describe the formation of standing waves and how the energy is transferred along the standing wave
in different applications, and mathematically model in the case of stretched string and vibration of a
rod.

v. Give an analytical treatment of resonance in the case of open and closed pipes in general and
Helmholtz resonators in particular.

vi. Describe the different parameters that affect the acoustics in a building, measure it and control it.

vii. Give the different models of light propagation and phenomenon associated and measure the
parameters like the wavelength of light using experiments like Michelson interferometer, interference
and thin films.

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 viii. Explain diffraction due to different objects like singles slit, two slits, diffraction of grating, oblique
incidence, circular aperture and give the theory and experimental setup for the same.

ix. Explain the polarization of light and obtain how the polarization occurs due to quarter wave plates,
half wave plates, and through theoretical activity of a medium.

Course Articulation Matrix

Mapping of Course Outcomes (CO) Program Outcomes

Course Outcomes/Program Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Identify different types of waves by looking
i.
into their characteristics. X X X X X X X X

ii. Formulate a wave equation and obtain the

expression for different parameters associated
X X X X X X X X
with waves.

iii. Explain and give a mathematical treatment of

the superposition of waves under different
conditions such as when they overlap linearly X
X X X X X X X
and perpendicularly with equal or different
frequencies and equal or different phases.

iv. Describe the formation of standing waves and

how the energy is transferred along the
standing wave in different applications, and X X X X X X X X
mathematically model in the case of stretched
string and vibration of a rod.
v. Give an analytical treatment of resonance in
the case of open and closed pipes in general X X X X X X X X
and Helmholtz resonators in particular.
vi. Describe the different parameters that affect
the acoustics in a building, measure it and X X X X X X X X
control it.
vii. Give the different models of light propagation
and phenomenon associatedand measure the
parameters like the wavelength of light using
X X X X X X X X
experiments like Michelson interferometer,
interference and thin films.

viii. Explain diffraction due to different objects

like singles slit, two slits, diffraction grating,
oblique incidence, circular aperture and give
X X X X X X X X
the theory and experimental setup for the
same.

ix. Explain the polarization of light and obtain

how the polarization occurs due to quarter
X X X X X X
wave plates, half wave plates, and through the X X
optical activity of a medium.

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 Course Content Hrs
Phy.DSCT3: Wave Motion and Optics
Unit – 1: Waves and Superposition of Harmonic Waves
(11 hours of teaching plus 2 hours of activities)
Waves: Plane and Spherical Waves. Longitudinal and
Transverse Waves. Characteristics of wave motion, Plane 5 hours
Progressive (Travelling) Wave and its equation (derivation),
Wave Equation – Differential form (derivation). Particle and
Chapter No. 1 Wave Velocities - Relation between them, Energy Transport –
Expression for intensity of progressive wave, Newton’s
Formula for Velocity of Sound. Laplace’s Correction
(Derivation). Brief account of Ripple and Gravity Waves. (Text
Book : 1-4)
Superposition of Harmonic Waves: Linearity and 6 hours
superposition Principle. Superposition of two collinear
oscillations having (1) equal frequencies and (2) different
Chapter No. 2 frequencies (Beats) – Analytical treatment. Superposition of
two perpendicular harmonic oscillations: Lissajous Figures
with equal and unequal frequency- Analytical treatment. Uses
of Lissajous’ figures. (Text Book: 1-4)

Topics for Study of coupled pendulum. Explain the impact on the motion of one pendulum due to
Self-study that of the other pendulum by varying the length, and mass of pendulum. Prepare a report.

Suggested Activities (Any two activities to be conducted compulsorily)

We know that sound is produced because of vibration. Look into at least 10 musical
instruments and identify the regions of vibrations that produces the sound and those parts
which enhances the sound because of reverberation.
1. Identify one common element in all of these.
Activity No. 1
2. Identify equipment’s which creates beats and try to explain the underlying
basic principles. Demonstrate the examples of beats using two tuning forks.
3. Identify what will happen when you drop a stone in a standing water, and
when your drop two stones side by side.
Make your observations sketch them and comment on it in a report.
Activity No. 2 Draw two sine waves (Amplitude vs time) one shifted with other in phase. Identity where
the resonation occurs for each phase shift. Plot phase vs time taken for resonance.

Activity No. 3 Take smooth sand, place a pointed edged pen vertically on the sand. To the mid of the
pen, connect two perpendicular threads. Pull these perpendicular threads by varying the
forces and timings. Note down the different shapes produced on the sand. Try to interpret
the shapes. Make a report of it

Activity No. 4 Hang a pot with sand, which has a hole in the bottom. Gently pull the pot on one side and
observe the pattern formed by the sand on the floor. Report the observations.

Take a stretched spring. Stretch it across two edges. Put a weight on the string, pluck it
and measure the amplitude of the vibration. Students should measure the total damping
time of oscillating spring. (Using mobile or scale) And plot graphs by
Activity No. 5 1.Varying load on the spring and amplitude at the centre.

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 2. Take another weight and put that in another place and measure the amplitude of
vibration at the centre.
3. Vary the load in the centre of the spring and measure the amplitude at the centre.
Note for the teachers for the activity: Make 3 groups among students and assign each
group the activity of drawing one of the 3 graphs given below. Provide a few days to
complete the activity. On the specific day, each group has to make a ppt presentation of
the following three slides. On the day of the presentation select a member from each
group randomly to make the presentation. Based on the work and presentation, teacher
shall assign marks to each group, wherein all members of the group will get equal marks.

1. The first slide will explain the process of doing the experiment.
2. In the second slide. Students will show the graph of measurement.
3. In the third slide, they will list three observations from that study.

Topic Learning Outcomes:At the end of the topic, students should be able to understand the following
SL No TLO’s BL CO PO
Explain the difference between plane and spherical waves, longitudinal and
i. L2 1 1-6, 11-12
transverse waves and give their characteristics.
ii. Write down an equation for the progressive wave in its differential form. L2 1 1-6, 11-12

iii. Obtain the relation between particle and wave velocity. L2 1 1-6, 11-12

iv. Obtain an expression for intensity of progressive waves. L2 1 1-6, 11-12

Obtain Newton's formula for the velocity of sound and discuss the factors 1-6, 11-12
v. for which sound velocity is dependent. L2 2

Apply the Laplace’s correction to the equation of motion of a progressive 1-6, 11-12
vi. L2 2
wave.
vii. With examples explain ripple and gravity waves. L1 2 1-6, 11-12
Give the theory of superposition of two linear waves having equal 1-6, 11-12
viii. L2 3
frequencies and different frequencies.
Discuss the formation of different Lissajous figures under different 1-6, 11-12
ix. conditions of amplitude and frequency when they superimpose L2 3
perpendicularly.

x. Give some applications of an Lissajous figures. L1 3 1-6, 11-12

xi. Higher order problems. L3 1,2,3 1-6, 11-12

Teaching and Learning Methodology

Lecture/ PPT/ Videos/ Animations/ Role Plays/ Think-Pair-Share/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Demonstration/ Concept
mapping/ Case Studies examples/ Tutorial/ Activity/ Flipped Classroom/ Jigsaw/ Field based Learning/ Project Based
Learning/ Mini Projects/ Hobby Projects/ Forum Theatre/ Dance/ Problem Based Learning/ Game Based Learning/
Group Discussion/ Collaborative Learning/ Experiential Learning / Self Directed Learning etc.

Assessment Techniques

One minute paper/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Think-Pair-Share/ Class Test/ Quiz/ Crosswords/ Group Assessment/
Assignment/ Peer-to-Peer Evaluation/Seminar etc

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 Unit – 2 - Standing Waves and Acoustics
(11 hours of teaching plus 2 hours of activities)
Standing Waves: Velocity of transverse waves along a
stretched string (derivation), Standing (Stationary) Waves in a
String - Fixed and Free Ends (qualitative). Theory of Normal
modes of vibration in a stretched string, Energy density and
8 hours
energy transport of a transverse wave along a stretched string.
Chapter No. 3 Vibrations in rods – longitudinal and transverse modes
(qualitative). Velocity of Longitudinal Waves in gases
(derivation). Normal Modes of vibrations in Open and Closed
Pipes – Analytical treatment. Concept of Resonance, Theory of
Helmholtz resonator.
(Text Book : 1-4)
Acoustics: Absorption coefficient, Reverberation time -
Chapter No. 4 Sabine’s Reverberation formula (derivation), Factors affecting 3 hours
acoustics in buildings, Requisites for good acoustics. Acoustic
measurements – intensity and pressure levels.
(Text Book : 1-4)
Topics for List different phenomenon where standing waves are found in nature. Identify the
Self-study phenomena and reason for standing waves. Also identify the standing waves in musical
instruments. Make a report of it.
Suggested Activities (Any two activities to be conducted compulsorily)

1. Go to 5 different newly constructed houses when they are not occupied and
when they are occupied. Make your observations on sound profile on each room.
Give the reasons. Make a report of it.
Activity No. 6 2. Visit three very good auditoriums, list out different ways in which the acoustic
arrangements have been done (as decoration and Civil works). Look for the
reasons in Google and identify which is acoustically the best auditorium among
the three you visited. Make a report of it.
Take a bowl of different liquids (water, milk, kerosene, salt water, Potassium
Permanganate (KMNO4) solution. Place a small non oily floating material (ex: thin
plastic) on the surface of the liquid. Drop a marble on the liquid at the centre of the bowl.
Repeat the experiment by dropping the marble from the different heights. Plot a graph
of-
1. Height v/s time of oscillation
2. Weight of the marble v/s time of oscillation
Note for the teachers for the activity: Make 3-4 groups among students and assign each
Activity No. 7 group the activity of drawing one of the graphs given below. Provide a few days to
complete the activity. On the specific day, each group has to make a ppt presentation of
the following three slides. On the day of the presentation select a member from each
group randomly to make the presentation. Based on the work and presentation, teacher
shall assign marks to each group, wherein all members of the group will get equal marks.
1. The first slide will explain the process of doing the experiment.
2. In the second slide. Students will show the graph of measurement.
3. In the third slide, they will list three observations from that study.
Take two marbles of same weight. Drop both the marbles on the surface of the liquid
from some height. With the help of the mobile take the picture and measure the position
Activity No. 8 of interface of two wave fronts formed in the liquid. Plot graphs for different activities
by doing the following activities.
1. By dropping two marbles of same weight from different heights.
2. By dropping two marbles of different weight from the same height

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 Note for the teachers for the activity: Make 3-4 groups among students and assign each
group the activity of drawing one of the graphs given below. Provide a few days to
complete the activity. On the specific day, each group has to make a ppt presentation of
the following three slides. On the day of the presentation select a member from each
group randomly to make the presentation. Based on the work and presentation, teacher
shall assign marks to each group, wherein all members of the group will get equal marks.
1. The first slide will explain the process of doing the experiment.
2. In the second slide. Students will show the graph of measurement.
3. In the third slide, they will list three observations from that study.

Topic Learning Outcomes: At the end of the topic, students should be able to understand the following

SL No TLO’s BL CO PO
Discuss the Transverse waves produced in stretched string and
i. obtain the expression for the same. L2 3 1-6, 11-12

Give a qualitative treatment of vibration of a string when it's both

ii. ends are fixed and free. L2 3 1-6, 11-12

Explain normal modes of a stretched string. Obtain an expression

iii. for the energy density and discuss how this energy is transported L2 3 1-6, 11-12
along a stretched string.

Quantitatively bring about the mode of vibrations created in a

iv. rod. L2 4 1-6, 11-12

Explain types of waves that are produced in gas. Obtain an

v. expression for the same. L2 4 1-6, 11-12

With an analytical treatment explain the concept of resonance

vi. using the normal modes of vibrations of open and closed pipes. L2 5 1-6, 11-12

Give the theory of Helmholtz resonator and explain how it is used

vii. to calculate some parameters of the way the standing waves are L2 5 1-6, 11-12
set in there.

Define Reverberation, Reverberation time and absorption

viii. coefficient of a material. L1 5 1-6, 11-12

Obtain Sabine’s Reverberation formula and discuss what are the

ix. factors on which the Reverberation time depends on. L2 5 1-6, 11-12

List out which are different parameters within a building which

x. effects the acoustics. L1 6 1-6, 11-12

Explain what are good acoustics of a building and how acoustics

xi. is measured in terms of intensity and pressure inside a building. L2 6 1-6, 11-12

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Teaching and Learning Methodology

Lecture/ PPT/ Videos/ Animations/ Role Plays/ Think-Pair-Share/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Demonstration/

Concept mapping/ Case Studies examples/ Tutorial/ Activity/ Flipped Classroom/ Jigsaw/ Field based
Learning/ Project Based Learning/ Mini Projects/ Hobby Projects/ Forum Theatre/ Dance/ Problem Based
Learning/ Game Based Learning/ Group Discussion/ Collaborative Learning/ Experiential Learning / Self
Directed Learning etc

Formative Assessment Techniques

One minute paper/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Think-Pair-Share/ Class Test/ Quiz/ Crosswords/ Group
Assessment/ Assignment/ Peer-to-Peer Evaluation/Seminar etc

Unit – 3: Nature of light and Interference

(11 hours of teaching plus 2 hours of activities)
Nature of light: Corpuscular theory, The Wave model, Huygens’ wave theory, ,
Chapter No. 5 Maxwell’s electromagnetic waves, Dual nature of light, concept of wave packet. 2 hours
Group velocity and wave velocity-relation between them. (Text Book No 5)
Interference of light by division of wave front: Coherent source-Interference of
light waves by division of wave-front, Young’s double slit interference- theory and
Chapter No. 6 experiment, Fresnel Biprism- theory and experiment (determination of wavelength) 4 hours
(Text Book No 5)
Interference of light by division of amplitude: at thin films - reflected and
transmitted light, Colours of thin films; Theory of air wedge; Theory of Newton's
Chapter No. 7 rings (Reflection) - Determination of Refractive index of a liquid. Michelson 5 hours
Interferometer (qualitative) (Text Book No 5)

Topics for Why colour strips are seen in paddles on roads in rainy seasons? Give reasons. Make a report of it.
Self-study
Suggested Activities (Any two activities need to be conducted compulsorily)
Activity No. 9 In the table given below explore which phenomenon can be explained by what and prepare
report explaining it.
Sl Phenomenon Corpuscular Wave Nature
No Nature
1. Formation of images on lenses
2. Formation of images on mirror
3. Interference
4. Polarization
5. Diffraction due to single slit
Activity No. 10 Take a bowl of different liquids (water, milk, kerosene, salt water, Potassium Permanganate
(KMNO4) solution). Place a small non oily floating material (ex: thin plastic) on the surface of
the liquid. Drop two marbles of same weight (mass) from the same height on to the surface of the
water but at the different time intervals. Analyze the wavefronts and draw pictures of different
observations.

Note to the teachers for the activity: Make 3-4 groups among students and assign each group
the activity of drawing one of the graphs given below. Provide a few days to complete the activity.
On the specific day, each group has to make a ppt presentation of the following three slides. On
the day of the presentation select a member from each group randomly to make the presentation.
Based on the work and presentation, teacher shall assign marks to each group, wherein all
members of the group will get equal marks.
1. The first slide will explain the process of doing the experiment.

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 2. In the second slide. Students will show the graph of measurement.
3. In the third slide, they will list three observations from that study.
Activity No. 11 Teachers should demonstrate the formation of Lissajous Figure using a CRO. Give different
shapes of Lissajous Figure with varying frequency and amplitude. Then ask the students to
comment on the observations and prepare a report.

Topic Learning Outcomes

At the end of the topic, students should be able to understand the following
SL No TLO’s BL CO PO
i. Discuss the wave model and the Corpuscular model of light. L2 7 1-6, 11-12
ii. Give the Huygen theory of wave-front. L1 7 1-6, 11-12
iii. Define Interference. Give some examples of Interference. L1 7 1-6, 11-12
Give the theory of interference due to two coherent sources of light and 1-6, 11-12
iv. obtain an expression for the wavelength of monochromatic source of light L2 7
(Young’s double slit experiment)
Explain how using personal biprism, a monochromatic coherent source of 1-6, 11-12
v. light are obtained. Using this experimental setup explain how the L2 7
wavelength of monochromatic sources of light is determined.
Give the theory of interference due to division of amplitude by parallel and 1-6, 11-12
vi. L1 7
non-parallel plates.
Explain how Newton's rings are obtained and discuss how the wavelength 1-6, 11-12
vii. L2 7
of light is determined using this experiment.
Teaching and Learning Methodology

Lecture/ PPT/ Videos/ Animations/ Role Plays/ Think-Pair-Share/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Demonstration/ Concept
mapping/ Case Studies examples/ Tutorial/ Activity/ Flipped Classroom/ Jigsaw/ Field based Learning/ Project Based
Learning/ Mini Projects/ Hobby Projects/ Forum Theatre/ Dance/ Problem Based Learning/ Game Based Learning/
Group Discussion/ Collaborative Learning/ Experiential Learning / Self Directed Learning etc.

Formative Assessment Techniques

One minute paper/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Think-Pair-Share/ Class Test/ Quiz/ Crosswords/ Group Assessment/
Assignment/ Peer-to-Peer Evaluation/Seminar etc

Unit – 4 - Diffraction and Polarisation

(11 hours of teaching plus 2 hours of activities)
Fraunhofer diffraction: Introduction- Fraunhofer diffraction- Theory of single
Chapter No. 8 slit diffraction, Two slit diffraction pattern (qualitative), Theory of diffraction
Grating - oblique incidence – experimental determination of wavelength. 4 hours
Resolving power – Rayleigh criterion, Expression for resolving power of grating
and telescope. (Text Book No 5)
Fresnel Diffraction- Concept of Fresnel half period zones (mention of
equations), Qualitative discussion on diffraction by a circular aperture and 3 hours
Chapter No. 9
diffraction by an opaque disc, Zone plate (mention of equation for focal length)
Comparison of Zone plate with lens, Theory of diffraction at a straight edge.
(Text Book No 5)
Polarisation: Production of polarized light, Malus’ law, Phenomenon of double
Chapter No. 10 refraction in crystals, Huygen’s theory of double refraction (qualitative), Quarter 4 hours

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 wave plate and half wave plate, Optical activity, Laurent's half shade
polarimeter. (Text Book No 5)
Using CDs and DVDs as diffraction Grating
Ref:https://www.nnin.org/sites/default/files/files/Karen_Rama_USING_CDs_AND_DVDs_
AS_DIFFRACTION_GRATINGS_0.pdf
Topics for Obtain the diffraction pattern using a CD and design an experiment to find the distance
Self-study between the tracks on it.(Ref: https://www.brighthubeducation.com/science-lessons-grades-
9-12/39347-diffraction-experiment-measuring-groove-spacing-on-
cds/, https://silo.tips/download/diffraction-from-a-compact-disk)

Suggested Activities(Any two activities to be conducted compulsorily)

Activity No. 11 Explain polarization of light with the help of a chart.
List out the surfaces that reflect polarized light.
Learn how polarization of light can be learnt by both transmission and reflection.
Activity No. 12 What is the physics behind making 3D movies? Group Discussion
(https://www.slideserve.com/rae/physics-behind-3d-movies-powerpoint-ppt-presentation)
Activity No. 13 List out different types of zone plates and look for their applications in day-to-day life.
Prepare a report.
Activity No. 14 Collect information and study how optically polarizing lenses are made. Visit a nearby lens
making facility. Learn the principle behind sunglasses. Prepare a report.
Topic Learning Outcomes
At the end of the topic, students should be able to:
SL No TLO’s BL CO PO
Define Fraunhofer
i. diffraction. L2 8 1-6, 11-12
Give a qualitative
ii. treatment of single slit/diffraction double slit diffraction. L2 8 1-6, 11-12
Explain the theory of diffraction due to grating and the normal and oblique 1-6, 11-12
incidence. iii. L2 8

Explain how the resolving power of a grating depends of the number of 1-6, 11-12
iv. L2 8
slits used.
1-6, 11-12
Give the theory v.
of Fersnel half period zones. L2 8

Discuss zone plates

vi. with respect to convex lenses. L2 8 1-6, 11-12

Explain opticalvii.
polarization and polaroids. L2 9 1-6, 11-12
Give differentviii.
types of polaroids. L2 9 1-6, 11-12
Give the theory of phenomenon of double refraction and explain what are 1-6, 11-12
ix. L2 9
ordinary and extraordinary rays.
Give the theory x.
of quarter wave plates and half wave plates. L2 9 1-6, 11-12
Explain optical activity with theory. Give an experimental method to 1-6, 11-12
xi. L2 9
measure the optical activity of a material.
Higher order problems.
xii. L3 8,9 1-6, 11-12

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 Teaching and Learning Methodology

Lecture/ PPT/ Videos/ Animations/ Role Plays/ Think-Pair-Share/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Demonstration/ Concept
mapping/ Case Studies examples/ Tutorial/ Activity/ Flipped Classroom/ Jigsaw/ Field based Learning/ Project Based
Learning/ Mini Projects/ Hobby Projects/ Forum Theatre/ Dance/ Problem Based Learning/ Game Based Learning/
Group Discussion/ Collaborative Learning/ Experiential Learning / Self Directed Learning etc.

Assessment Techniques

One minute paper/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Think-Pair-Share/ Class Test/ Quiz/ Crosswords/ Group Assessment/
Assignment/ Peer-to-Peer Evaluation/Seminar etc

Textbooks
Sl No Title of the Book Authors Name Publisher Year of
Publication
1 The Physics of Waves and N K Bajaj Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing 1984
Oscillations, Company Ltd., Second Edition,
2 Waves and Oscillations N Subramanyam Vikas Publishing House Pvt. 2010
and Brij Lal Ltd., Second Revised Edition
3 A Text Book of Sound D R Khanna and R Atma Ram & Sons, Third 1952
S Bedi Edition

4 Oscillations and Waves Satya Prakash PragathiPrakashan, Meerut, 2003

Second Edition
5 A Text Book of Optics Brij Lal, M N 2012
Avadhanulu& N S. Chand Publishing
Subrahmanyam

References Books
Sl No Title of the Book Authors Name Publisher Year of Publication
1 Optics AjoyGhatak McGraw Hill 2017
Education (India) Pvt
Ltd
Tata Mc Graw-Hill 2011
2 Berkeley Physics Frank S Crawford Jr. Publishing Company
Course – Waves, Ltd., Special Indian
Edition,.
3 Optics E. Hecht Pearson Paperback 2019
4 Introduction To F. L.Pedrotti, L.M.Pedrotti& Pearson India 2008
Optics L.S. Pedrotti
5 Fundamentals of F. Jenkins &H. White McGraw Hill 2017
Optics Education

16 | P a g e
 Paper Code: Phy-DSCP3 - Lab III

List of Experiments to be performed in Lab III

1. Velocity of sound through a wire using Sonometer.
2. Frequency of AC using Sonometer.
3. Verification of Sabine’s formula
4. To verify the laws of transverse vibration using Melde’s apparatus.
5. Helmholtz resonator using tuning fork.
6. Helmholtz resonator using electrical signal generator.
7. Study of Lissajous figures using CRO
8. To determine refractive index of the material of a prism using sodium source.
9. To determine refractive index of a liquid by parallax method.
10. To determine the dispersive power and Cauchy constants of the material of a prism using Hg source.
11. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Fresnel Biprism.
12. Determination of radius of curvature of a lens using Newton’s rings.
13. To determine the thickness of a paper using air-wedge.
14. Determination of wavelength of laser using diffraction
15. Study of Diffraction at a wire using laser
16. To determine wavelength of spectral lines of Hg source using plane diffraction grating.
17. To determine dispersive power and resolving power of a plane diffraction grating.
18. To verify Brewster’s law.
19. To determine specific rotation of a solution using Polarimeter.
Note: A minimum of EIGHT experiments must be performed
 One hour of Laboratory time every week has to be dedicated for suggested activities in the theory
paper DSCT3: Wave Motion and Optics. Note that this is in addition to a total of 8 hour during theory
teaching during the entire semester (2 hours each for every Unit of the theory paper).
Reference Book for Laboratory Experiments
Sl Title of the Book Authors Name Publisher Year of
No Publication
1 Advanced Practical Physics for students B.L. Flint and H.T. Asia Publishing 1971
Worsnop House.
2 A Text Book of Practical Physics I. Prakash & Kitab Mahal, 11th 2011
Ramakrishna Edition
3 Advanced level Physics Practicals Michael Nelson and Heinemann 1985
Jon M. Ogborn Educational
Publishers, 4th
Edition
4 A Laboratory Manual of Physics for D.P.Khandelwal Vani Publications. 1985
undergraduate classes

17 | P a g e
 4th Semester BSc

Phy-DSCT4: Thermal Physics & Electronics Course Credits (L+T+P) :4+0+0

Total Contact Hours: 52 Duration of ESA: 4 hours
Program Outcomes:
1. Disciplinary knowledge
2. Communication Skills
3. Critical thinking, Reflective thinking, Analytical reasoning, Scientific reasoning
4. Problem-solving
5. Research-related skills
6. Cooperation/ Teamwork/ Leadership readiness/Qualities
7. Information/ Digital literacy/Modern Tool Usage
8. Environment and Sustainability
9. Multicultural competence
10. Multi-Disciplinary
11. Moral and ethical awareness/Reasoning
12. Lifelong learning / Self Directed Learning

Prerequisites
ii. Exposure of the topic in Pre-University

Course Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course students will be able to:

i. Apply the laws of thermodynamics and analyze the thermal system.

ii. Apply the laws of kinetic theory and radiation laws to the ideal and practical thermodynamics systems through
derived thermodynamic relations.

iii. Use the concepts of semiconductors to describe different Semiconductor devices such as diode transistors, BJT,
FET etc and explain their functioning.

iv. Explain the functioning of OP-AMPS and use them as the building blocks of logic gates.

v. Give the use of logic gates using different theorems of Boolean Algebra followed by logic circuits.

\\

Course Articulation Matrix

Mapping of Course Outcomes (CO) Program Outcomes

Course Outcomes/Program Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

i Apply the laws of thermodynamics and X X X X X X

X X
analyze the thermal system.
ii Apply the laws of kinetic theory and
X X X X X X X X
radiation laws to the ideal and practical

18 | P a g e
 thermodynamics systems through derived
thermodynamic relations.

iii Use the concepts of semiconductors to

describe different Semiconductor devices like
diode transistors, BJT, FET etc and explain X X X X X X X X
their functioning.

iv Explain the functioning of OP-AMPS and

them as the building blocks of logic gates. X X X X X X X X

v Give the use of logic gates using different

theorems of Boolean Algebra followed by X X X X X X X X
logic circuits.

Course Content Hrs

Phy.DSCT4: Thermal Physics & Electronics
Unit – 1: Thermodynamics
(11 hours of teaching plus 2 hours of activities)
Laws of Thermodynamics:
Chapter No. 1 Review of the concepts of Heat and Temperature – the zeroth law 2 hours
of thermodynamics, Thermodynamic variables - extensive and
intensive, Equations of state, PV diagrams.

First Law of Thermodynamics: Differential form of the First

Chapter No. 2 Law of Thermodynamics, Application of the first law for (i)
Cyclic Process (ii) Adiabatic Process (iii) Isochoric Process (iv)
3 hours
Isobaric Process and (v) Isothermal Process. Equation of state for
an adiabatic process (derivation) Work done in an isothermal and
adiabatic process for an ideal gas, Internal Energy as a state
function,
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Second law of
thermodynamics (Kelvin’s & Clausius’ statements and their
equivalence); Reversible and irreversible processes with
examples; Heat engines: Carnot Engine; Carnot Cycle and its
Chapter No. 3
efficiency(derivation), Practical internal combustion engines -
Otto and Diesel Cycles Carnot theorem, (qualitative treatment); 6 hours
Refrigerator- Coefficient of performance.
Concept of Entropy, Second Law of Thermodynamics in terms of
Entropy, Entropy in reversible process, Entropy in irreversible
process, Principle of increase of entropy, Entropy change in (i)
adiabatic process (ii) free expansion (iii) cyclic process (iv)
isobaric process
Third Law of Thermodynamics(Nernst Heat theorem):
Statement, Significance and Unattainability of Absolute Zero

Topics for (1) Discuss when the temperature of the body is locked until what time you hold the
thermometer in contact with a body. Discuss it in contact with laws of thermodynamics.
Self-study (2) Discuss why when a person works or does exercise, he sweats. Reason it with the
laws of thermodynamics.

19 | P a g e
 Suggested Activities (Any two activities to be conducted compulsorily)
Activity No. 1 We feel cold because coldness enters our body. Discuss the statement in day-to-day life.
Approximately give examples of
a) open system
b) closed system and
c) isolated system
Activity No. 2 Take four different sizes of same metal, preferable of same shape and give one piece to
each group. Heat it uniformly on a hot plate. Keep a beaker of water with a thermometer
immersed in it. Drop one hot metal into the water and record the temperature with time.
Repeat the experiment for the other heated metal pieces of different sizes.
1. Plot a graph for the volume of the metal piece used v/s respective temperature
change observed.
2. Determine the heat capacity and specific heat of the metal used.
All groups shall also do the following activity:
Note for the teachers for the activity: Make 3-4 groups among students and assign each
group the activity of drawing one of the graphs given below. Provide a few days to
complete the activity. On the specific day, each group has to make a ppt presentation of
the following three slides. On the day of the presentation select a member from each
group randomly to make the presentation. Based on the work and presentation, teacher
shall assign marks to each group, wherein all members of the group will get equal marks.
1. The first slide will explain the process of doing the experiment.
2. In the second slide. Students will show the graph of measurement.
3. In the third slide, they will list three observations from that study.
Activity No. 3 Take ice cubes of different size and immerse in water and measure the temperature
change with time and repeat the experiment. Graph the observations.
Note for the teachers for the activity: Make 3-4 groups among students and assign each
group the activity of drawing one of the graphs given below. Provide a few days to
complete the activity. One the specific day, each group has to make a ppt presentation of
the following three slides. One the day of the presentation select a member from each
group randomly to make the presentation. Based on the work and presentation, teacher
shall assign marks to each group, wherein all members of the group will get equal marks.
1. The first slide will explain the process of doing the experiment.
2. In the second slide. Students will show the graph of measurement.
3. In the third slide, they will list three observations from that study.

Topic Learning Outcomes: At the end of the topic, students should be able to understand the following
SL No TLO’s BL CO PO
i. Explain the first law of thermodynamics. L1 1 1-6, 11-12
Give the differential form of the first law of thermodynamics and define L2 1-6, 11-12
ii. 1
what is the internal energy.
Obtain an expression for work done in isothermal and adiabatic L2 1-6, 11-12
iii. processes. 1

Give two systems of units of temperature measurement and give their L2 1-6, 11-12
iv. 1
equivalence.
Describe and Discuss heat engine based on Carnot cycle. L2 1-6, 11-12
v. 1

vi. Explain how the efficiency of refrigeration is measured? L2 1 1-6, 11-12

vii. Detail out the application of the Carnot engine to a locomotion system. L1 1 1-6, 11-12
State the third law of thermodynamics and give its significance using
viii. the third law of thermodynamics describing why absolute zero L2 1 1-6,11-12
temperature is not unattainable.

20 | P a g e
 Teaching and Learning Methodology

Lecture/ PPT/ Videos/ Animations/ Role Plays/ Think-Pair-Share/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Demonstration/ Concept
mapping/ Case Studies examples/ Tutorial/ Activity/ Flipped Classroom/ Jigsaw/ Field based Learning/ Project Based
Learning/ Mini Projects/ Hobby Projects/ Forum Theatre/ Dance/ Problem Based Learning/ Game Based Learning/
Group Discussion/ Collaborative Learning/ Experiential Learning / Self Directed Learning etc.

Assessment Techniques

One minute paper/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Think-Pair-Share/ Class Test/ Quiz/ Crosswords/ Group Assessment/
Assignment/ Peer-to-Peer Evaluation/Seminar etc

Unit – 2
(11 hours of teaching plus 2 hours of activities)
Thermodynamic Potentials: Internal Energy, Enthalpy,
Helmholtz Free Energy, Gibb’s Free Energy, properties and
Chapter No. 4 significance.
Maxwell’s Thermodynamic Relations: Maxwell's
thermodynamic relations (using Thermodynamic potentials), 5 hours
Applications of Maxwell’s Relations (1) Gibbs potential, First
order Phase Transitions with examples, (2) Clausius - Clapeyron
Equation.
Joule-Thomson effect, Liquefaction of gases, Linde’s air liquefier

Kinetic Theory of Gases: Maxwell's law of distribution of

velocity (without derivation), Deduction of most probable 3 hours
velocity, mean velocity and root mean square velocity, Degrees
Chapter No. 5
of Freedom, Law of Equipartition of Energy. Derivation of
Specific heats of ideal gas.

Black body radiation and its spectral energy distribution;

Kirchhoff’s law, Stefan’s law and Stefan-Boltzmann's law, 3 hours
Wien’s displacement law, Rayleigh-Jeans law (Statements),
Chapter No. 6
Planck’s law (derivation)– deduction of Wien’s Law & Rayleigh
– Jeans Law.

Topics for (1) Equilibrium between phases -triple point of water.

(2) Methods of producing low temperatures: (i) Joule Thomson (Joule Kelvin /
Self-study Throttling / Porous plug) experiment.
Suggested Activities (Any two activities to be conducted compulsorily)

Activity No. 4 1. Watch the you tube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bODiX2PjCPE and

write a report on the difference between heat and temperature.
2. Watch the you tube video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5zAiWSi7rs
“A simple animation showing the thermoelectric effect”(Seebeck effect) and explain it in
your own words.
Take two containers (cylindrical jars) A and B ofidentical size (volume 500 ml). Connect
Activity No. 5 them to a reservoir (huge bottle containing water) thoughpipes of equal length, but of
different radii of cross-section. Let container A be connected using a pipe of inner radius
of 5 mm and container B be connected using a pipe of inner radius 1.5 mm. Sketch the
graphs for the rise of water levels in containers A and B as a function of time when water
was allowed to flow from the reservoir to the containers. Explain the results. What

21 | P a g e
 happens if the diameter of the containers A is larger than that of B, but pipes of equal
length connecting the containers with the reservoir have same inner radii.

A hot object at a temperatureT1 is placed in an environment at a temperature T0.

The temperature of the object will be some function oftime, T(t). This function
will satisfy the equation:

Activity No. 6 (a) Explain “what this equation explains” in your own words.

(b) Show that the function

satisfies the above equation.

(c) Plot T(t) as a function of time t.
Activity No. 7 Take two dissimilar metal wires. Spot weld them forming two junctions. Dip one
junction in ice and heat the other junction with a burner. Plot a graph of time of heating
v/s Thermo EFM generated in the voltmeter.
Note for the teachers for the activity: Make 3-4 groups among students and assign each
group the activity of drawing one of the graphs given below. Provide a few days to
complete the activity. One the specific day, each group has to make a ppt presentation of
the following three slides. One the day of the presentation select a member from each
group randomly to make the presentation. Based on the work and presentation, teacher
shall assign marks to each group, wherein all members of the group will get equal marks.
1. The first slide will explain the process of doing the experiment.
2. In the second slide. Students will show the graph of measurement.
3. In the third slide, they will list three observations from that study.

Topic Learning Outcomes: At the end of the topic, students should be able to understand the following
SL No TLO’s BL CO PO
i. State Maxwell relations. L1 2 1-6, 11-12
ii. Give examples where Maxwell’s relations are used. L1 2 1-6, 11-12
Explain the phase transition. Which is called as first order phase transition? 1-6, 11-12
iii. L2 2
Give Examples
iv. State Clausius - Clapeyron Equation. L1 2 1-6, 11-12
v. Obtain an equation for difference in CP - CV. L2 2 1-6, 11-12
vi. State Joule-Thomson effect and Joule-Thomson coefficient. L1 2 1-6, 11-12

vii. Obtain an expression, giving the relation between pressure, volume and L2 2 1-6, 11-12
temperature for a real gas (Vander Waals gas).
viii. Explain how low temperature is achieved by the liquefaction of gases? L2 2 1-6, 11-12
ix. State Maxwell-Boltzmann Law of Distribution of velocities in Ideal gases. L1 2 1-6, 11-12
x. Explain the mean RMS and most probable speeds in ideal gases. L1 2 1-6, 11-12

xi. Explain degrees of freedom associated with particles in an ideal gas. L2 2 1-6, 11-12

22 | P a g e
 xii. Define the specific heat of a gas. L1 2 1-6, 11-12
xiii. Explain black body radiation and its spectral distribution. L1 2 1-6, 11-12
Explain the different laws used to describe different parts of the curves of a 1-6, 11-12
xiv. L2 2
spectral distribution of black body radiation.
Define ultraviolet radiation catastrophe? Discuss its importance in the 1-6, 11-12
xv. L2 2
explanation of black body radiation.
Define Planck’s law of radiation and discuss how it could describe the 1-6, 11-12
xvi. L2 2
whole black body radiation curve.
Teaching and Learning Methodology

Lecture/ PPT/ Videos/ Animations/ Role Plays/ Think-Pair-Share/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Demonstration/ Concept
mapping/ Case Studies examples/ Tutorial/ Activity/ Flipped Classroom/ Jigsaw/ Field based Learning/ Project Based
Learning/ Mini Projects/ Hobby Projects/ Forum Theatre/ Dance/ Problem Based Learning/ Game Based Learning/
Group Discussion/ Collaborative Learning/ Experiential Learning / Self Directed Learning etc.

Assessment Techniques

One minute paper/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Think-Pair-Share/ Class Test/ Quiz/ Crosswords/ Group Assessment/
Assignment/ Peer-to-Peer Evaluation/Seminar etc

Unit – 3: Semiconductor devices

(11 hours of teaching plus 2 hours of activities)
Semiconductor devices: Intrinsic semiconductors - concept of holes – effective
mass - expression for carrier concentration of holes and electrons - electrical
Chapter No. 7 conductivity. Extrinsic semiconductors and electrical conductivity (qualitative),
p-n junction and its characteristics, Zener diode as voltage regulator- load and line 5 hours
regulation.

Junction Transistors: Basics of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT), BJT operation,

Chapter No. 8 Common Base, Common Emitter and Common Collector Characteristics. Field 6 hours
Effect Transistor (FET) and its characteristics. Transistor as a CE-Amplifier
(qualitative) and Oscillator ( Phase shift)

Topic for Diode approximations

Self-study
Suggested Activities (Any two activities need to be conducted compulsorily)
Activity No. 8 a. Learn to identify the terminals of different types (packages) of BJTs.
b. In the case of power transistors, learn how to fix a heat sink for the transistor.
c. Learn the difference between BJT and FET from operational characteristics.
Take any 3 diodes and assign one each to three groups of students. Ask them to measure diode
resistance when dipped in ice and while heating the ice till it boils. Using this data, plot calibration
curve of temperature v/s resistance and also the cooling curve of temperature v/s time for the diode
Activity No. 9 by each group.
Note for the teachers for the activity: Form 3 groups. Assign each group the activity of drawing
one of the graphs. Provide a few days to complete the activity. On the specific day, each group
has to make a ppt presentation of the following three slides. Select a member from each group
randomly to make the presentation. Based on the work and presentation, teacher shall assign marks
to each group, wherein all members of the group will get equal marks.
1. The first slide will explain the process of doing the experiment.
2. In the second slide. Students will show the graph of measurement.

23 | P a g e
 3. In the third slide, they will list three observations from that study.
Prepare a table consisting of (i) name of the semiconductor diode (Zener diode, Light Emitting
Activity No. 10 Diode, Rectifier Diode, Schottky diode) (ii) its application/s (3) attach a sample photo for each
type of semiconductor diode (4) give a link for the website where you got the sample photo of the
diode.

Topic Learning Outcomes: At the end of the topic, students should be able to understand the following
SL No TLO’s BL CO PO
Define Semiconductors and Band Gap.
i. Explain on what basis they are classified L2 3 1-6, 11-12
as intrinsic and extrinsic.

Define PN junction. Explain its 1-6, 11-12

ii. functioning in forward and reverse bias. L1 3

Explain the approximation used in a real 1-6, 11-12

iii. diode with respect to an ideal PN L2 3
Junction?

With a schematic diagram, explain half 1-6, 11-12

iv. wave and full wave rectifiers. L1 3

Define a Zener diode and explain how it 1-6, 11-12

v. is different from an ordinary diode using L2 3
V-I curves?

With the schematic diagram, explain the 1-6, 11-12

vi. working of voltage regulators of L1 3
different types using a Zener diode.

Give the basic concepts used in the 1-6, 11-12

vii. instruction of bipolar junction transistor L1 3
and its operation.

Compare the V-I curve of common base 1-6, 11-12

common emitter and common collector
viii. BJT curves while explaining their L2 3
working principles.

ix. Define FET. Give its characteristics. L1 3 1-6, 11-12

Explain how a transistor can be used as 1-6, 11-12

x. an amplifier and an oscillator using a L2 3
circuit diagram.

Teaching and Learning Methodology

Lecture/ PPT/ Videos/ Animations/ Role Plays/ Think-Pair-Share/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Demonstration/ Concept
mapping/ Case Studies examples/ Tutorial/ Activity/ Flipped Classroom/ Jigsaw/ Field based Learning/ Project Based
Learning/ Mini Projects/ Hobby Projects/ Forum Theatre/ Dance/ Problem Based Learning/ Game Based Learning/
Group Discussion/ Collaborative Learning/ Experiential Learning / Self Directed Learning etc.

24 | P a g e
 Assessment Techniques

One minute paper/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Think-Pair-Share/ Class Test/ Quiz/ Crosswords/ Group Assessment/
Assignment/ Peer-to-Peer Evaluation/Seminar etc

Unit – 4: Electronics
Chapter No. 9 Electronics: Integrated Circuits, Operational Amplifier, Ideal characteristics of
Op-Amp, Basic concepts of feedback and virtual ground, Inverting and Non-
Inverting Configurations. Applications- Voltage Follower, Addition and 4 hours
Subtraction.

Digital Electronics: Analog and Digital circuits, Switching and Logic Levels,
Digital Waveform. Number Systems: Decimal Number System, Binary Number
Chapter No. 10 System, Converting Decimal to Binary, Hexadecimal Number System:
Converting Binary to Hexadecimal, Hexadecimal to Binary.
Digital Circuits: Logic gates, NOT Gate, AND Gate, OR Gate, NAND Gate, 7 hours
NOR Gate, XOR Gate, Algebraic Simplification, De Morgan’s theorem,
Realisation of NAND and NOR functions using TTL.
Topics for (i)Understand the concept of virtual ground of an OP-AMP.
(ii)Learn the different types of op-amps used for different applications.
Self-study
(iii)What is a buffer? Prepare a report on buffers and its application in instrumentation
electronics.
Suggested Activities (Any two activities need to be conducted compulsorily)
Activity No. 12 Learn how to implement logic functions (AND, OR, NOT) using just diodes and resistors.
With a circuit diagram show how different types of gates can be built by NAND Or NOR gates.
A bulb in a staircase has two switches, one switch being at the ground floor and the other one at
the first floor. The bulb can be turned ON and also can be turned OFF by one of the switches
Activity No. 13 irrespective of the state of the other switch. Explain switching of the bulb in terms of logic
gate operation.
A man has to take a wolf, a goat, and some cabbage across a river. His rowboat has enough room
for the man plus either the wolf or the goat or the cabbage. If he takes the cabbage with him, the
Activity No. 14 wolf will eat the goat. If he takes the wolf, the goat will eat the cabbage. Only when the man is
present are the goat and the cabbage safe from their enemies. All the same, the man carries wolf,
goat, and cabbage across the river. How? Write the truth table for the above story and implement
using digital gates.
Activity No. 15 A locker has been rented in the bank. Express the process of opening the locker in terms of
digital operation.

Topic Learning Outcomes: At the end of the topic, students should be able to understand the following
SL No TLO’s BL CO PO

i. Define op-amps and give the characteristics of an ideal op-amp. L1 4 1-6, 11-12

Explains an inverting and non-inverting configuration of typical op-amps, 1-6, 11-12

ii. with a schematic diagram. L2 4

iii. i 1-6, 11-12

iExplain how op-amps can be used as a voltage follower, with a schematic
L2 4
idiagram and with relevant expressions.
.

25 | P a g e
 Explain how op-amps can be used as a voltage follower, adder and 1-6, 11-12
iv. L2 4
subtractor, with a schematic diagram and with relevant expressions.
Give different digital wave forms and explain how one can visualize the 1-6, 11-12
v. switching and logic levels. L1 5

Write any four-digit numbers other than zero in the decimal number system 1-6, 11-12
vi. L2 5
and convert that into binary and hexadecimal.
Write any number in a Binary System of 8 digits other than zero and convert 1-6, 11-12
vii. it into decimal and hexadecimal. L2 5

Write any number in the hexadecimal system of 4 digits other than zero and 1-6, 11-12
viii. converted it into a binary and decimal number. L2 5

Give simplified diagram for a given Boolean circuit diagram of logic gates, 1-6, 11-12
ix. and verify using the De-Morgan’s theorem. L2 5

x. Why are NAND and NOR gates called Universal Gates? L2 5 1-6, 11-12

Teaching and Learning Methodology

Lecture/ PPT/ Videos/ Animations/ Role Plays/ Think-Pair-Share/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Demonstration/ Concept
mapping/ Case Studies examples/ Tutorial/ Activity/ Flipped Classroom/ Jigsaw/ Field based Learning/ Project Based
Learning/ Mini Projects/ Hobby Projects/ Forum Theatre/ Dance/ Problem Based Learning/ Game Based Learning/
Group Discussion/ Collaborative Learning/ Experiential Learning / Self Directed Learning etc.

Assessment Techniques

One minute paper/ Predict-Observe-Explain/ Think-Pair-Share/ Class Test/ Quiz/ Crosswords/ Group Assessment/
Assignment/ Peer-to-Peer Evaluation/Seminar etc

Textbooks
Sl Title of the Book Authors Name Publisher Year of
No Publication
Brij lal, N. S. Chand Publishing 2001
1. Heat and Thermodynamics Subrahmanyam and
P.S.Hemne
2. Heat and Thermodynamics D. S. Mathur S. Chand Publishing 2008
3. Heat and Thermodynamics M.W. Zemansky McGraw-Hill Education 2017
and Richard Dittman
4. Thermal Physics S C Garg, R M McGrawHill Education (India) 2013
Bansal & C K
Ghosh
5. Fundamentals of Classical G. J. V. Wylen, R. John Wiley 1994
Thermodynamics E. Sonntag, C.
Borgnakke
6. Integrated Electronics J. Millman, C. McGraw Hill Education 2017
Halkias& C. Parikh
7. Digital Fundamentals T. L. Floyd Pearson Education 2005
8. Principals of Electronics V.K Mehta and S. Chand Publishing 2020
Rohit Mehta

References Books
Sl Title of the Book Authors Name Publisher Year of
No Publication

26 | P a g e
1 A Treatise on Heat Hafner Publishing Company,
M. Indian Press 1958
Saha&B.N.Srivastava
2 Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory F. W. Sears & G. L. Pearson Education 1975
& Statistical Thermodynamics Sailinger
3 Electronic Principles A Malvino and D J McGraw Hill Education 2017
Bates
4 Electronic Devices and Circuits David A. Bell PHI, New Delhi 2004
5 Basic Electronics B L Theraja S Chand and Co 2006

Paper Code: Phy-DSCP4 - Lab IV

List of Experiments to be performed in Lab IV
1. Specific heat by Newton’s law of cooling
2. Verification of Newton’s law of cooling
3. Calibration of thermocouple for Temperature measurement
4. Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee’s and Charlton’s method
5. Thermal conductivity of rubber
6. Mechanical Equivalent of Heat by Callender and Barne’s method
7. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of Copper by Searle’s method
8. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee and Charlton’s disc method
9. Determination of Stefan’s constant/ Verification of Stefan’s law
10. Variation of thermo-emf across two junctions of a thermocouple with temperature
11. Verification of Clausius-Clapeyron equation
12 Study of Gaussian distribution using Monte Carlo method.
13 Determination of Planck’s constant.
Any FOUR of the above listed experiments 1-13 must be conducted in Lab IV
14. V-I Characteristics of Silicon & Germanium PN Junction diodes (FB)

15. (i) V-I Characteristics of Zener Diode (ii) Regulated power supply (using Zener diode).
16. Characteristics of BJT in Common Emitter Configuration
17. Half Wave rectifier with and without Filter
18. Full Wave Rectifier with and without Filter
19. Determination of transistor h-parameter
20. Frequency response of a CE amplifier.
21. Frequency response of CC Amplifier (Emitter Follower).
22. Applications of Operational Amplifier:
(i) Non-inverting and Inverting op-amp circuits OR
(ii) Voltage follower, Adder and Subtractor circuits
23. Truth table verification of logic gates using TTL 74 series ICs.

24. Logic Gates; Combinational Circuits (Half adder and Full adder);

25. Experiments with CRO.

Any FOUR of the above listed experiments 14-24must be conducted in Lab IV

27 | P a g e
  One hour of Laboratory time every week has to be dedicated for suggested activities in the theory

Reference Books for Laboratory Experiments

Sl Title of the Book Authors Name Publisher Year of
No Publication
1 Advanced Practical Physics for students B.L. Flint and H.T. Asia Publishing 1971
Worsnop House.
2 Basic Electronics Lab Manual 2015-16, National Institute of 2015
Science Education NISER,
and Research, Bhubaneswar
Bhubaneswar, 2015.
3 Engineering Practical Physics S. Panigrahi, Cengage Learning 2015
B. Mallick India Pvt. Ltd

paper DSCT3: Thermal Physics & Electronics. Note that this is in addition to a total of 8 hour
during theory teaching during the entire semester (2 hours each for every Unit of the theory paper).

28 | P a g e
 OPEN ELECTIVE PAPERS
Phy-OE5: Optical Instruments (Credits:3)
3 hours of teaching per week

Unit-I Hrs.

Basics of Optics: Scope of optics, optical path, laws of reflection and refraction as per Fermat’s principle,
magnifying glass, Lenses (thick and thin), convex and concave lenses, Lens makers formulae for double
concave and convex lenses, lens equation. 13
Focal and nodal points, focal length, image formation, combination of lenses, dispersion of light: Newton’s
experiment, angular dispersion and dispersion power. Dispersion without deviation.
(No derivations; concepts to be discussed qualitatively).

Unit-II

Camera and microscopes:

Human eye (constitution and working),
Photographic camera (principle, construction and working), 13
construction, working and utilities of
(i) Simple microscopes
(ii) Compound microscope
(iii) Electron microscopes
(iv) Binocular microscopes
Self study: Experimental determination of magnifying power of a microscope.

Unit-III
Telescopes and Spectrometer:
Construction, working and utilities of
(i) Astronomical telescopes 13
(ii) Terrestrial telescopes
(iii) Reflecting telescopes,
Construction, working and utilities of Eyepieces or Oculars
(Huygen, Ramsden’s, Gauss) Spectrometer – Construction, working and utilities,
measurement of refractive index.

Self study Telescopes used at different observatories in and outside India.

Suggested Activities
1. Find position and size of the image in a magnifying glass and magnification.
2. Observe rain bows and understand optics. Create a rainbow.
3. Find out what makes a camera to be of good quality.
4. Observe the dispersion of light through prism.
5. Make a simple telescope using magnifying glass and lenses.
6. Learn principle of refraction using prisms.
7. Check bending of light in different substances and find out what matters here.
8. Learn about different telescopes used to see galaxies and their ranges.

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 Weblinks: https://spark.iop.org, http://www.yenka.com, https://publiclab.org etc

Reference Books

1. Galen Duree. Optics for Dummies. Wiley. 2011.

2. Blaker J W. Optics: An Introduction for Students of Engineering. Pearson, 2015.
3. Hecht E. Optics. Pearson. 5th Edition, 2019.
4. Khurana A K. Theory And Practice Of Optics & Refraction. Elsevier India. 2016.
5. FlexBooks® 2.0
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-physical-science-flexbook-
2.0/section/19.9/primary/lesson/optical-instruments-ms-ps/

Phy-OE6: Elements of Astronomy& Astrophysics (Credits:3)

3 hours of teaching per week

Unit-I : History and Introduction Hrs.

Ancient Astronomy: Greek Observations, Sumerian Observations, Mayan Observations, Arabic

Observations ,Chinese Observations (2 hours)
Indian Astronomy: Vedic Astronomy, Ancient Astronomy – Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Bhaskara,
Astronomy in Indian Scriptures, Precession of the Equinox, Celebrations of Equinox (2 hours)
Medieval & Modern Astronomy: Invention of Telescopes, Models of the Solar System & Universe,
Observations by Tycho Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, Herschel and Other, Modern Astronomy (3 hours)
Optical Tools for Astronomy: Pin Hole, Binoculars, Telescopes & Imaging (1 hour)
13
Mathematical Methods of Observations: Angular Measurement, Trigonometric functions, Stellar
Parallax (2 hour)
Observational Terminologies: Cardinal Directions, Azimuth, Altitude, Measurements using Compass and
Hand. Equatorial Co-ordinates, Light years, Magnitude, Colors etc. (3 hours)

Unit-II: Observations of the Solar System

The Sun: Ecliptic and the Orientation of the Earth, Seasons - Solstices and Equinox, Observations of the
Sun from Earth during seasons. Eclipses, Zero-shadow day, Sunspots (3 hours)
The Moon: Earth-Moon system – Phases, Lunar Eclipses, Ecliptic and Lunar Orbital Plane – Nodes, Lunar
Month, Full Moon Names (3 hours)
Inner Planets: Mercury &Venus -Observational History, Observational Windows, Appearance,
Apparitions, Elongations, Superior Conjunctions, Inferior Conjunctions, Transits. (4 hours) 13
Outer Planets: Mars, Jupiter & Saturn - Observational History. Observational Windows, Appearance,
Frequency of Oppositions, Conjunctions, Moons Eclipses. Galilean Moons, Saturn’s Rings (3 hours)
Unit-III: Major Astronomy Observations

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March to June: Prominent Stars and Constellations Visible during this period, Methods of Spotting. (4
hours)
June to September: Prominent Stars and Constellations Visible during this period, Methods of Spotting.
(3 hours)
September to December: Prominent Stars and Constellations Visible during this period, Methods of
Spotting. (3 hours) 13
December to March:Prominent Stars and Constellations Visible during this period, Methods of Spotting.
(3 hours)

Suggested Activities
1. Measuring Seasons using Sun’s Position.
2. Measuring Distance using Parallax
3. Estimation of the Stellar Diameter using Pin Hole
4. Measuring Height of an Object Using Clinometer.
5. Star spotting using constellation maps
6. Constellation spotting using Skymaps
7. Estimation of ‘Suitable Periods’ to observe deep sky objects using Planisphere.
8. Estimation of the Size of the Solar System in using Light Years.
9. Identification of Lunar Phases across a year.
10. Measuring Constellation of the Sun using Night Skymaps or Planispheres
Reference Books
1. The Stargazer's Guide - How to Read Our Night Sky by Emily Winterburn
2. A guide to the Night Sky – Beginner’s handbook by P.N. Shankar
3. The Complete Idiot’s guide to Astronomy by Christopher De Pree and Alan Axelro

Phy-OE7: Medical Physics (Credits:3)

3 hours of teaching per week

Unit-I: Human Anatomy and Physiology

Overview of human anatomy - cells, cell structure, type of cells and their functions, tissues, organs, and their (13 hours)
functions. Different systems in the human body, their structure and function, physiological properties of the
circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, reproductive system, excretory system, endocrine
system and nervous system
Unit-II: Physics of Medical Diagnostics
Principle of production of X-rays. Use of X-rays in medical diagnosis, X-ray imaging systems. Computed
Tomography (CT): principle and generation of CT. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): basic principle
and image characteristics. Ultrasound Imaging: Interaction of sound waves with body tissues, production of (13 hours)
ultrasound, transducers, acoustic coupling, image formation, modes of image display and color Doppler.

Unit-III: Physics of Radiotherapy

Clinical aspects of radiation therapy: Biological basis of radiotherapy, radiation sources, radiation dose, time
dose fractionation. External beam radiation therapy, radiation therapy modalities, production of (13 hours)
radioisotopes, use of radioisotopes in therapy, particle and ion beam radiotherapy. Brachytherapy - principle
of brachytherapy and classification of brachytherapy techniques.

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 Suggested Activities
Unit I: Students may demonstrate the shape, size, positions and functions of different organs in the body with the help of
models.
Unit II: The use of X-rays in the diagnosis of the fractured bone can be demonstrated with the help of a gamma source and
a gamma ray survey meter. As the density of materials between the source and the detector changes the reading on the
meter (or intensity of the beefing sound) changes.
Unit III: (i) Students can be asked to list out different type of cancers and possible causative factors. They can be asked to
list out the healthy practices to reduce the risk of cancers.
(ii) As there will be students from different disciplines in the OE course, group discussion can be arranged to discuss
about their programme and outcome. This will be an opportunity for the students to know about other disciplines.

Other related activities/projects

1. Visit to nearby hospitals/diagnostic centers to study the working of X-ray machines.
2. Visit to ultrasound diagnostic centers to study the principle and use of ultrasound in diagnosis.
3. Project on principle and use of X-ray films in imaging.
4. Visit to radiotherapy centers to study the modalities of radiotherapy.

Text Books
1. C. H. Best and N. B. Taylor. A Test in Applied Physiology. Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1999.
2. C. K. Warrick. Anatomy and Physiology for Radiographers. Oxford University Press, 2001.
3. Jerrold T. Bushberg. The Essential Physics for Medical Imaging (2nd Edition). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
4. Jean A. Pope. Medical Physics: Imaging. Heinemann Publishers, 2012.
5. Faiz M. Khan and Roger A. Potish. Treatment Planning in Radiation Oncology. Williams and Wilkins, USA, 2003.
6. D. Baltas. The physics of modern brachytherapy for oncology. Taylor and Francis, 2007.

Reference Books
1. J. R. Brobek. Physiological Basis of Medical Practice. Williams and Wilkins, London, 1995.
2. Edward Alcamo, Barbara Krumhardt. Barron's Anatomy and Physiology the Easy Way. Barron's Educational Series,
2004.
3. Lippincott, Anatomy and Physiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
4. W. E. Arnould Taylor. A textbook of anatomy and physiology, Nelson Thornes, 1998.
5. G. S. Pant. Advances in Diagnositc Medical Physics. Himalaya Publishing House, 2006.
6. Sabbahaga, Diagnositc Ultrasound applied to OBG. Maryland, 1980.
7. Faiz M Khan. The Physics of Radiation Therapy (3rd edition). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, 2003.
8. Jatinder R. Palta and T. Rockwell Mackie. Intensity Modulation Radiation Therapy. Medical Physics publishing,
Madison, Wisconsin, 2003.
9. AAPM Report No. 72. Basic Applications of Multileaf collimators, AAPM, USA, 2001.
10. AAPM Report No. 91. Management of Respiratory motion in radiation oncology, 2006.
11. CA Joslin, A. Flynn, E. J. hall. Principles and Practice of Brachytherapy. Arnold publications, 2001.
12. Peter Hoskin, Catherine Coyle. Radiotherapy in Practice. Oxford University Press, 2011.
13. W. R. Handee. Medical Radiation Physics. Year Book Medical Publishers Inc., London, 2003.
14. Donald T. Graham, Paul J. Cloke. Principles of Radiological Physics. Churchill Livingstone, 2003.
15. Thomas S. Curry. Christensen',s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology (4th Edition). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1990.
16. Madison. MRI – Perry Sprawls – Medical Physics Publishing. Wisconsin, 2000.
17. Steve Webb. The Physics of Three–Dimensional Radiotherapy. Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and
Philadelphia, 2002.
18. Radiation oncology physics: A Handbook for teachers and students. IAEA publications, 2005.

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19. F. M. Khan. The Physics of Radiation Therapy (3rd Edition), Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, U.S.A., 2003.

Phy-OE8: Electrical Instruments (Credits:3)

3 hours of teaching per week

Content Hrs
Unit – 1
Voltage and current sources, Kirchoff’s current and voltage laws, loop and nodal
Chapter analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation. Ammeters, voltmeters: (DC/AC) 03
No. 1

Representation of sinusoidal waveforms, peak and rms values, power factor. Analysis of
single-phase series and parallel R-L-C ac circuits. Three-phase balanced circuits, voltage and
Chapter current relations in star and delta connections. Wattmeters: Induction type, single phase and
05
No. 2 three phase wattmeter, Energy meters: AC. Induction type single phase and three phase
energy meter

Instrument Transformers: Potential and current transformers, ratio and phase angle
Chapter errors, phasor diagram, methods of minimizing errors; testing and applications. 05
No. 3

Topics for Types of switches and Circuits, Safety precautions and rules in handling electrical appliances,
self study Electric shock, first aid for electrical shocks, Fuses, MCB, ELCB and Relays, Filament lamp,
( If any) Tube light, CFL and LED
Suggested Activities

Activity Identify variety of electrical switches and note down their applications/utility.
No. 1 Reference: Weblink/Youtube/Book
Identify the hazards involved in handling electrical circuits and instruments, make a list of
Activity safety precautions as well as first aid for electrical shocks.
No. 2
Reference : Weblink/Youtube/Book
Unit – 2

Chapter Galvanometers: General principle and performance equations of D'ArsonvalGalvanometers,

Vibration Galva nometer and Ballistic Galvanometer. 03
No. 4.

Potentiometers: DCPotentiometer, Crompton potentio meter, construction,

Chapter standardization, application. AC Potentio meter, Drysdalepolarpotentio meter;
03
No. 5. standardization, application.

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 DC/AC Bridges: General equations for bridge balance, measurement of self inductance by
Maxwell’s bridge (with variable inductance & variable capacitance), Hay’s bridge, Owen’s
Chapter
bridge, measurement of capacitance by Schearing bridge, errors, Wagner’s earthing device, 07
No. 6.
Kelvin’s double bridge.

Topics for Importance of grounding and Earthing, Methods for Earthing,

self study
( If any)

Suggested Activities

Activity Make a study of importance of grounding in electrical circuits.

No. 3 Reference : Weblink/Youtube/Book

Activity Prepare a detailed account of various methods of earthing and their utility/applications
No. 4 Reference : Weblink/Youtube/Book

Unit - 3
Transducer: Strain Gauges, Thermistors, Thermocouples, Linear Variable Differential
Chapter
Transformer (LVDT), Capacitive Transducers, Peizo-Electric transducers, Optical 06
No.7
Transducer, Hall Effect Transducer
CRO: Block diagram, Sweep generation, vertical amplifiers, use of CRO in
Chapter measurement of frequency,phase, Amplitude and rise time of a pulse. Digital Multi-
03
No. 8 meter: Block diagram, principle of operation

Chapter Basics of lead acid batteries, Lithium Ion Battery , Battery storage capacity, Coulomb
04
No. 9 efficiency, Numerical of high and low charging rates, Battery sizing.
Topics for
self study Basic study of Fuses, MCB, ELCB and Relays, Filament lamp, Tube light, CFL and LED
( If any)
Suggested Activities

Activity Prepare a document on evolution of incandescent bulbs to the present-day LED lights
No. 5 Reference : Weblink/Youtube/Book

Activity Make a comparative study of Fuses, MCB, ELCB and Relays highlighting their use and applications
No.6 Reference : Weblink/Youtube/Book

Text Books
1. AK.Sawhney, ACourseinElec.&Electronics Measurements&Instrumentation ,Dhanpatrai& Co. 1978
2. A.D. Helfrick& W.D. Cooper, Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques PHI,2016

References Books
1. D C Kulshreshtha, Basic Electrical Engineering, Mc Graw Hill Publications,2019
2. David G Alciatore and Michel B Histand, Introduction to Mechatronics and Measurement Systems, 3rd,
Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New Delhi., 2005
3. Vincent Del Toro, Electrical Engineering Fundamentals Prentice Hall India2009

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 COURSE PATTERN & SCHEME OF EXAMINATION for B.Sc. / B.Sc. (Hons.) as per NEP-2020

Marks Duration
Total No Hours Theory/ Internal of Total Credits
Semester Title of the Paper of hours per Practicals Assessment Examinati Mark
week (IA) on s
Max Max (hours)
Phy-DSCT3: 52 4 60 40 𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟐 100 4
Wave motion and Optics
Phy-DSCP3-Lab III 40 4 25 25 3 50 2
Phy-OE5:Optical Instruments
3rd Sem. OR 39 3 60 40 𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟐 100 3
Phy-OE6: Elements of Astronomy
and Astrophysics
Phy-DSCT4: Thermal Physics & 52 4 60 40 𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟐 100 4
Electronics
4th Sem. Phy-DSCP4-Lab II 40 4 25 25 3 50 2
Phy-OE7:
Medical Physics 39 3 60 40 𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟐 100 3
OR
Phy-OE8:
Electrical Instruments

Formative/Internal Assessment
for Theory Papers
Assessment Occasion Marks
Test-1 (Attendance+Activity + Self-study related) 20
Test-2 (Theory based) 20
Total 40

*Questions should not be set on activity and self-study topics during end semester examinations.

Distribution of Marks for the Practical Examination

(Phy-DSCP1 & Phy-DSCP2)

Sl Particulars Marks

No

1 Writing Principle/Statement/Formulae with symbols, 03

units and explanations.

2 Drawing illustrative diagrams and expected graphs 03

3 Setting up of the experiment& taking readings 06

4 Calculations and graphs drawn based on experimental 05

data.

5 Accuracy of results with units 03

6 Valuation of Practical Record 05

Total Marks 25

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 3rd/4th Semester B.Sc Examination, April/May (September/October) 2023
CBCS - 2021 ONWARDS
Subject: Physics
Phy-DSCT3/Phy-DSCT4: ………………………….

Time: 2.30 hours Max. Marks: 60

Instruction: Answer any FOUR questions from each part

PART- A
Each question carries 2 marks (concept based)
6 QUESTIONS TO BE SET* (Answer any 4 questions)
(Question Numbers: 1,2,3,4,5,6)

PART-B (20 marks)

Each question carries 5 marks (numerical problems)**
6 QUESTIONS TO BE SET* (Answer any 4 questions)
(Question Numbers: 7,8,9,10,11,12)***

PART-C (32 marks)

Each question carries 8 marks
6 QUESTIONS TO BE SET* (Answer any 4 questions)
(Question Numbers: 13,14,15,16,17,18)**
*In each part of the question paper first three questions should be set from the first TWO units of the syllabus and
next three questions should be set from second half (last TWO units) of the syllabus.
**Questions in Part-B should contain numerical problems in the specific cases of discipline core subjects, where
problem solving is an essential component of learning.
*** Questions of Part B and Part C may contain subdivisions i.e., (i) questions 7 to 12 of Part B may be split
into a, b & division of marks in such cases should be clearly indicated – for example 2 + 3=5 marks or 1+4=5
marks. Similarly (ii) question 13 to 18 of Part C may be split into a, b, c with division of marks clearly indicated
– for example 3+5=8 marks or 2+6=8 marks or 2+3+3=8 marks and so on).

3rd/4th Semester B.Sc Examination, April/May (September/October) 2023

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 CBCS - 2021 ONWARDS
Subject: Physics
Phy-OE5/OE6/OE7/OE8 :…………..(Open Elective)
Time: 2 hours Max. Marks: 60
Instruction: Answerany FOUR questions from each part
PART- A
Each question carries 2 marks (concept based)
6 QUESTIONS TO BE SET* (Answer any 4 questions)
(Question Numbers: 1,2,3,4,5,6)

PART-B (20 marks)

Each question carries 5 marks **
6 QUESTIONS TO BE SET*
(Question Numbers: 7,8,9,10,11,12)***

PART-C (32 marks)

Each question carries 8 marks
6 QUESTIONS TO BE SET* (Answer any 4 questions)
(Question Numbers: 13,14,15,16,17,18)**

* All parts should have TWO questions each from 3 units of the open elective syllabus.
** Questions of Part B and Part C may contain subdivisions i.e., (i) questions 7 to 12 of Part B may be split
into a, b & division of marks in such cases should be clearly indicated – for example 2 + 3=5 marks or 1+4=5
marks. Similarly (ii) question 13 to 18 of Part C may be split into a, b, c with division of marks clearly indicated
– for example 3+5=8 marks or 2+6=8 marks or 2+3+3=8 marks and so on).

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