KAJIAN DAMPAK BILINGUAL TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR by Mimin

Ninawati (2012) The purpose of this paper is to discuss the children’s learning, specifically from the
perspective of cognitive psychology in learning English as a second language. The phenomena are the
advantages and disadvantages of children who do not learn and learn English as a second language, also
known as monolinguals vs. bilinguals. The method used library study and the data collected was
analyzed descriptively. It is important to highlight that (1) elementary school children's cognitive
development is appropriate for language learning, (2) there are benefits to studying a foreign language
in primary school. (3) A multilingual individual has an advantage over a monolingual person.

MUSNAH BAHASA DAERAH AKIBAT BILLINGUAL DAN MULTILINGUAL Studi Kasus Bahasa “Tana‟ di
Kota Ambon by Muhammad M. (2018) The research is significant in three ways: (1) to see or formulate
the developing potential of the "Tana Language" in continuing the nation's local wisdom; (2) to know
how far the potential of the "Tana Language" in continuing the nation's local wisdom has spread; and (3)
to describe the potential of the "Tana Language" in continuing the most nation's local wisdom, which is
caused by spread ethnic and language extinct as concepted by Ferdinand De Saussure's Post-Modernism
theory. As a result, the quest will be based on the point of view through the description qualitative
method. The findings of the study show that, first and foremost, the majority of individuals indicated
they had "not always" spoken the "Tana Language" with their families when they were at home, at
work, or in public places. Second, a percentage of them responded "frequently" spoken it. Third,
considering the fact that a small percentage of them claimed to have "never" spoken their native
language.

BILINGUALISME DAN MULTILINGUALISME: PRO DAN KONTRA PADA PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA DAN
KOGNITIF ANAK by Niswatin Nurul H. (2020) This short article discusses the pros and cons that occurred
based on the results of several studies conducted by experts. The pros argue that bilingual or
multilingual children are better than monolingual ones, for example in terms of memorizing vocabulary,
knowing other people's cultures so that they are more tolerant of diversity, and performing better on
verbal tests. However, the contra party mentioned that there are losses experienced by bilingual or
multilingual children, where the child's brain works very hard and has a high burden and has a slow
ability to master language.
 Children Bilingualism in Bandung: which one is more dominant, mother
tongue(vernacular) or Indonesian?

Language is a means of communication between one individual and another. In communicating,

language is an important tool for everyone. Through language, everyone will be able to develop social
skills with other people. The mastery of language skills is the first step toward social skill proficiency.
Without language someone will not be able to communicate with others. Since the child is still a small
kid, these linguistic skills must be developed. Children begin to learn language at a young age, and until
they can speak, they communicate by weeping, grinning, and moving their bodies. (Astuti, 2017). Since
Indonesian is the language of unity for the Indonesian people, children are typically taught it first as
their mother tongue.

Indonesian society is basically a bilingual (bilingual) and multilingual (multilingual) community who use
more than one language in their daily communication. The term bilingualism in Indonesian is also called
kedwibahasaan (Abdul & Leonie, 2010). Sociolinguistically in general, bilingualism is defined as the use
of two languages. or more speakers in their interactions with other people alternately (Kartikasari,
2019). Of course, a person needs to be fluent in both languages in order to be able to use them. First,
the language itself, or the first and second languages. People who use the second language are called
bilingual people. Meanwhile, the ability to use two languages is called bilingualism. Multibilingualism,
which refers to the circumstance in which a person speaks more than two languages in his interactions
with other people alternatively, is another term that is used in addition to the term "bilingualism."
(Abdul & Leonie, 2010).

In their daily life, most Indonesian people use vernacular (local language) as their first language and
Indonesian (official language) as their second language or vice versa. Due to the diversity of cultures and
languages present in Indonesia, bilingualism and multilingualism are a common phenomena. Regional
languages have become one of the identifiers of ethnicity because of the variety of regional languages
spoken in Indonesia. As stated by (Kramsch, 2014) that 'identity' is basically the main reason why people
tend to keep using their local language. Their main goal is to introduce themselves, either as unique
individuals or as civic groups. In order to preserve the cultural wealth of the Indonesian country and
sustain the nation's dignity, it is imperative that we as Indonesians take responsibility for maintaining
the regional language.

Children are now infrequently speaking the native speech as their mother tongue, which is a
phenomenon. In fact, bilingual or multilingual children reside with their families, which typically includes
their father, mother, siblings, nieces, and nephews. Siblings-in-law and brothers-in-law frequently speak
in more than one language on a daily basis because they come from various cultural backgrounds. As
stated by (Sudirman, 2011) that the most important thing of all is that language is a symbol of distinct
intragroup identity as clearly demonstrated by the pattern of language use. The subject, the other
person, the social environment, and the setting of the conversation are some examples of elements that
might affect the language used or chosen (Holmes, 2001). When speaking with people in various
contexts and environments, language users must be aware of the right words to choose. The choice of
regional languages or Indonesian in communication is certainly difficult because we must pay close
attention to other factors that force us to make a language choice in order to establish effective and
appropriate communication patterns and build a humane relationship between the speaker and the
responder. Thus, from a sociolinguistic standpoint, regional languages are more concerned with how
they work as a set of languages that may be used effectively in context of the situations that occur.
(Setyawan, 2011).

Abdul, C., & Leonie, A. (2010). Sosiolinguistik Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Astuti, R. (2017). Penerapan Pembelajaran Bilingual (Dwi Bahasa) di Tk Inklusi (Studi Kasus Di Tk Ababil,

Kota Pangkalpinang). AWLADY: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 3(2), 109–123.

Holmes, J. (2001). Sociolinguistics.

Kartikasari, R. D. (2019). Penggunaan Bilingualisme Pada Masyarakat yang Berwirausaha. Pena Literasi,

2(1), 47–54.

Kramsch, C. (2014). Language and culture. AILA Review, 27(1), 30–55.

Setyawan, A. (2011). Bahasa daerah dalam perspektif kebudayaan dan sosiolinguistik: Peran dan

pengaruhnya dalam pergeseran dan pemertahanan bahasa.

Sudirman, W. (2011). LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AND STABLE BILINGUALISM AMONG

SASAKSUMBAWANS ETHNIC GROUP IN LOMBOK.