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01-SCR Characteristics

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33 views4 pages

01-SCR Characteristics

Uploaded by

swapniraskar9766
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BHARATI VIDYAPEETH’S

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LAVALE, PUNE - 412115
SUBJECT: POWER DEVICES & CIRCUITS
EXPERIMENT NO. :
CLASS:
DATE OF PERFORMANCE: TITLE:
DATE OF SUBMISSION:
SIGNATURE OF STAFF:

AIM:
To study V-I characteristics of SCR

EQUIPMENTS & COMPONENTS:

1. Trainer kit
2. VARIAC
3. Multimeters
4. 15W or 25W load lamp (230V)
5. CRO,
6. Connectors, etc.
THEORY:

The SCR is a four layer device with three terminals, namely the anode,
cathode and gate. When the anode is made positive w.r.t. cathode, junction J2 is
reversed biased and only the leakage current will flow through the device. SCR is then
said to be in forward biased blocking state or OFF state. When the cathode is made
positive w.r.t. anode junction J1 and J3 reverse biased and a small reverse current will
flow through SCR. This is the reverse blocking state of the device. When the anode to
cathode voltage is increased, the reverse biased junction J2 will breakdown due to large
voltage gradient across the depletion layers. This is the avalanche breakdown. Since the
other junctions J1 and J3 are forward biased, there will be free carrier movement across
the three junctions resulting in a large anode to cathode forward current. The voltage
drop across the device will be ohmic drop in the four layers and device is in conduction
state or ON state. If anode to cathode voltage is now reduced, since the original depletion
layer and reversed biased J2 no longer remains in conducting state or ON state when the
forward current will flow below the level of the holding current IH. The depletion layer
will begin to establish across the junction J2 due to the reduced number of carriers and
the device will go into the blocking state. Similarly, when the SCR is switched ON, the
resulting forward current has to be more than the latching current IL, holding current is
usually lower but very close to the latching current, and its magnitude is of the order of
mA.When SCR is reversed biased, the device will behave in the same manner as two
diodes connected in series with the reversed voltage applied across them.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE:

(A) V-I Characteristics:


1. Connect a VARIAC at zero position to given terminals (ac input) on
Trainer kit.
2. Connect a 230V, 15W lamp as a load at given terminals.
3. Connect one ammeter for anode current Ia and another ammeter for
gate current Ig at given terminals.
4. Ensuring that both VARIAC & Vg potentiometer are at 0 position, switch
on the trainer kit & VARIAC.
5. Now increase VARIAC voltage gradually to Vs (VAK) = 200V, then
increase Ig gradually till load activation (glowing of lamp laod) &
measure load current (Ia).Note these readings as Ig1= ---,VAK1=220V, Ia1= --
6. Reset the system, Now keeping VAK zero increase Ig2=Ig1+0.04mA
and then increase Vak gradually till SCR conduction. Note these readings
as Ig2, Vak2 & Ia2.
7. Repeat the step7 for different values of gate currents Ig3,Ig4, etc.
8. Tabulate the readings and plot the IA verses VAK.

** Note / Precaution: Do not use lamp load more than 25W other wise kit will
gets damaged.

(B) Measurement of latching current: IL


1. Apply VAK=50V – 60V, turn on the SCR by increasing sufficient Ig.
2. After conduction of SCR make gate current zero, SCR will remain in ON state
Which is called latching condition.
3. Now reduce VAK gradually by observing IA on ammeter. IA will reduce w.r.t. VAK
4. At one stage IA becomes zero form a non zero current value. Note this non zero
IA as a latching current.
(C) Measurement of holding current: IH
1. Apply VAK=50V – 60V, turn on the SCR by increasing sufficient Ig.
2. After conduction of SCR keep gate current as it is, ( do not make Ig zero as in
latching current case) SCR will remain in ON state.
3. Now reduce VAK gradually by observing IA on ammeter. IA will reduce w.r.t. VAK
4. At one stage IA becomes zero form a non zero current value. Note this non zero
IA as a holding current.

(D) Characteristics curve on CRO:


1) Keep CRO in X-Y mode
2) Connect anode to X (channel-1), connect cathode to Y (channel-2)
3) Vary the potentiometer, observe the effect of gate current on characteristics
curve on CRO.

OBSERVATIONS:

Latching current (IL) =------------ mA


Holding current (IL) = ------------mA

RESULT

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