Important (expected) Topics for annual exam 2024 Grade HSSC-I
Prepared by: Mr. JABBAR UL HASSAN AWAN HOD PHYSICS (ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL & COLLEGE ROOH-E-RAWAN RWP) CONTACT NO: 0301-5596485
CHAPTERNO.1 MEASUREMENTS Important Topic( long ) i. Dimensions ii. Example 1.6, 1.7 assignment 1.6,1.7 numerical problem 6 and 7. Short questions SLO based: i. Define the number 𝜋 and show that 2𝜋 radian = 3600 OR Show that 1 radian = 57.30 ii. What is principle of dimensional homogeneity? Is it necessary for dimensionally correct equation to be an exact equation? iii. Write all possible rules for significant figures and significant zeros. iv. Give the drawbacks to use the period of pendulum as a time standard. v. Find the distance travelled by light in one year in SI unit. vi. How can you find the total uncertainty in “g” where the time period of simple pendulum is 𝑇 = 𝑙 2𝜋√ 𝑔 vii. Show that famous Einstein and plank’s equations are dimensionally consistent. viii. Enlist three main reasons for errors in the measurement. ix. How uncertainties are measured in final result of power factor and volume? x. Check the dimensional homogeneity of third equation of motion. xi. How can you differentiate between precision and accuracy?
Note: all exercise conceptual questions are included
CHAPTER NO.2 VECTORS AND EQUILIBRIUM
Important long topics: i. Equilibrium its condition and states of equilibrium ii. Addition of vectors by rectangular component iii. Example 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 assignment 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 numerical problem 1,2,5,6,9 Short questions SLO based:
1 i. How vectors can be added? Graphically show that vector addition is commutative OR prove parallelogram law of vector addition. ii. If one of the rectangular component of vector is not zero. Can its magnitude be zero? Explain. iii. Explain how cranes are able to lift heavy load without toppling? iv. Prove that the magnitude of cross product of A and B is the area of parallelogram having consecutive sides A and B. v. How would the vectors of same magnitude have to be oriented, if they were to be combined to give the resultant equal to a vector of the same magnitude? vi. Under which circumstances would a vector shall have components of same magnitude? vii. Under what circumstances the x-component of a force is double of its y-component? viii. Show that the sum and difference of two perpendicular vectors of equal length are also perpendicular and of the same length ix. A weight of 10N is suspended from a clothesline. This distorts the line so that it makes an angle of 15owith the horizontal at both ends. Find the tension in the clothesline. x. The magnitude of dot and cross product of two vectors are 2 and 4 − 2√3respectively. Calculate the angle between the vectors.
Note: all exercise conceptual questions are included
CHAPTER NO 3: PROJRCTILE MOTION. Important long topics. i. Elastic collision in 1 Dimension. Derive mathematical equations for calculating the final velocities of the elastically colliding bodies in 1-Dimension. ii. Projectile motion. iii. Numerical 3.1, 3.2, 3.5,3.6 , examples 3.6,3.4, assignment 3.6, 3.5,3.2 Short question SLO based. i. Find the change in momentum for an object subjected to a given force for a given time and state law of motion in terms of momentum. i. Prove that the angles of projections which exceed or fall short of 45 0 by equal amounts the ranges are equal. ii. What is an impulse? State how impulse is related to linear momentum? iii. What happens when a very heavy ball collides with a light stationary ball? iv. Calculate the angle of projection for which range of projectile becomes four times than height of projectile. v. Co-relate Newton’s third law and conservation of momentum with examples. vi. What is impulsive force? Explain the effect of lengthening of time on the impulsive force. Give one of its common life applications. vii. At what angle a stone is thrown so that its horizontal and vertical distance becomes equal. viii. Find the ratio of distance travelled by free falling body in first, second and third second?
2 ix. Can the velocity of the object reverse its direction when its acceleration is constant? Justify your answer with examples. x. Draw displacement-time graph for cases when (a) velocity is constant, (b) velocity is uniformly increasing (c) velocity is variable.
Note: all exercise conceptual questions are included
CHAPTER NO.4 WORK AND ENERGY.
Important long topics. i. What is conservative field? Show that gravitational field is a conservative field? ii. Explain and derive mathematical relationship for absolute potential energy. iii. What is an escape velocity? Calculate escape velocity for earth. iv. Numerical 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,10,11 examples 3,4,5,6 assignment 4.1, 4.2 Short question SLO based. i. If radius of moon is 1/6 times radius of earth and gravity on moon is 1/5 times gravity on earth, then find the escape velocity at the surface of moon? ii. When a rocket re-enters the atmosphere, its nose cone becomes very hot. Where does this heat energy come from? iii. Express power (P) as a scalar product of force (F) and velocity (V). 𝑃 = 𝐹. 𝑉 iv. Write down the conditions for maximum, minimum and negative work? v. Discuss the factors on which work done in a conservative field depends? vi. The absolute P.E. of the body at the surface of earth is negative. What does it mean? vii. How much kilo-joules energy is consumed by 100 watt bulb in 10 minutes? viii. If the force of an engine of automobile is doubled with the velocity remaining constant. What happens to its power? ix. Does a hydrogen-filled balloon possess P.E? Explain briefly. x. A bucket is taken to bottom of a well; does the bucket possess any P.E? Explain briefly. Note : all exercise conceptual questions are included
CHAPTER NO 5. ROTATIONAL AND CIRCULAR MOTION.
Important long topics. 𝐺𝑀𝑇2 i. What are geostationary orbits? Prove [ 4𝜋 2 ]
ii. Derive mathematical relationship for centripetal force and centripetal acceleration? iii. Frequency of to produce artificial gravity iv. Numerical 6,7,9,11,12 Examples 5.13,5.6, 5.5, 5.2 assignment 5.2, 5.3
3 Short question SLO based. i. How banking of road prevent skidding? Also show that 𝑉 = √𝑔𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛∅ ∆𝐿 ii. Derive relationship between applied torque and angular momentum of the body. 𝜏 = ∆𝑡
iii. Why does a diver change its body position before and after diving in the pool? Explain. iv. Earth satellite is a gravity free system. Comment and justify. v. If a satellite is in the state of free fall, then why does it not fall on the surface of the earth? vi. Calculate and compare the velocities of ring and disc at the bottom of an inclined plane. vii. How moment of inertia of a ring and a disc can be equal? viii. Why the fly wheel of an engine is made heavy at the rim? ix. A ball is just supported by a string without breaking. If it is set swinging, it breaks. Why? x. Why is a rifle barrel rifled? Give reason in context of conservation of angular momentum. xi. What do you understand by the term critical velocity and weightlessness? xii. What is the least speed at which an aero plane can execute a vertical loop of 1 km radius, so that there will be no tendency for the pilot to fall down at the highest point.
Note : all exercise conceptual questions are included
CHAPTER NO 6. FLUID DYNAMICS
Important long topics. i. Bernoulli’s equation , Torricelli’s theorem, venture meter ii. Equation of continuity , terminal velocity iii. Numerical 2,3,4,5,6 examples 6.5, 6.3,6.2,6.1 Assignment 6.1, 6.3,6.4 Short question SLO based. i. A person is standing near a fast moving train. Is there any danger that he will fall towards it? Explain it briefly. ii. What is an ideal fluid? Write down the conditions for an ideal fluid. iii. On which factors drag force on an object moving through a fluid depends? iv. Derive the formula for measuring the speed of efflux. v. How does the terminal speed of a parachutist before opening a parachute compared to the terminal speed afterwards? Why is there a difference? vi. The radius of small fog drop in air is 5.1x10-6 m. The co-efficient of viscosity of air is 1.9 x 10-5 kg/ms. Find the settling speed of droplet is air. vii. How is venturi duct used in the carburetor of a car engine? viii. Why racing cars and boats are designed belonged shape? ix. Why fog droplet appears to be suspended in the air? x. Explain the working of engine’s carburetor using Bernoulli’s principle.
Note : all exercise conceptual questions are included
4 CHAPTER NO 7. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION Important long topics. i. Circular motion and S.H.M. show that projection of body moving in a circle shows S.H.M. on the diameter of circle. Also derive relationship for velocity of projection. ii. Show that motion of simple pendulum is S.H.M. iii. Derive equation for kinetic and potential energies of a body of mass m executing S.H.M. also show that energy remain conserved during S.H.M. iv. Numerical 7.1, 7.3 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.10 Assignment 7.2, 7.3 Short question SLO based. i. What are practical examples of free and forced oscillation? ii. Why the length of simple pendulum is taken to the centre of bob? iii. During S.H.M. in a mass spring system calculate the displacement at which K.E and P.E are equal. iv. What is the function of shock absorber of car? OR how shock absorber is an example of Damped oscillation? v. Show that in S.H.M the acceleration is zero when the velocity is greatest and vice versa. vi. Discuss the interchanging of K.E and P.E in S.H.M. vii. What is phase angle? Does the phase angle define angle between maximum displacement and the driving force? viii. What is resonance? Why troops and normal public are advised to not march on the bridge while crossing it? ix. What happens to the frequency of the mass spring system if length of the spring is cut into one third. Note : all exercise conceptual questions are included
CHAPTER NO 8. WAVES Important long topics. i. Speed of sound in air. Explain Newton’s formula for the speed of sound. Show that how it was corrected by Laplace? ii. Doppler effect. iii. Explain & derive the first 3 harmonics and generalize the relation for the waves produced in a stretched string. iv. Open organ and closed organ pipe. v. Numerical 2, 4,5,6,7,10,12,13 Examples 5,6,7,9 Assignment 8.1, 8.3, 8.5
5 Short question SLO based. i. What is difference between standing and progressive waves? ii. Mathematically show that speed of sound in air is independent of pressure? iii. How does speed of sound be affected by temperature. Hence derive 𝑣𝑡 = 𝑣𝑜 + 0.61𝑡 iv. A source of sound and an observer are moving away from each other. What happens to the apparent pitch heard by the observer? v. Explain frequency and phase change of mechanical wave after reflection from rare to denser? vi. As a result of distant explosion, an observer senses a ground tremor and then hears the explosion. Explain the time difference in it. vii. Why does sound travel faster in solids as compared to gasses? viii. What length of an open pipe will produce a frequency of 1200 Hz as its first overtone on a day when the speed of sound is 340 m/s. Note : all exercise conceptual questions are included
CHAPTER NO 9.PHYSICAL OPTICS
Important long topics. i. Explain the Young’s contribution in proving the wave nature of light. ii. Explain construction and working of Michaelson’s Interferometer. iii. Brewster law of polarization iv. Bragg law for X-RAYS diffraction v. Numerical 3,4,5,6,7,8 Examples 9.1, 9.2, 9.4, 9.5 Assignment 9.1,9.2 Short question SLO based. i. Why are Polaroid sunglasses better than ordinary sunglasses? ii. Why do bowlers shine one side of a cricket ball? iii. A thin oil film on the surface of water shows different colors. Why? iv. How can we obtain two coherent source of light? v. In young’s double experiment, to measure the wavelength of light, it is desirable to have the screen as far from the slits as possible. Why? vi. If the young’s double slit experiment is performed in water, what will happen to the interference pattern? vii. How X-RAYS are diffracted? Also state and derive Braggs equation. viii. Define and formulate grating element. ix. How can we find angle of polarization? Derive a relation. x. How glare of light can be reduced? xi. Why ordinary light can’t be polarized? xii. Why it is not possible to perform young’s double slit experiment using X-Rays? Note : all exercise conceptual questions are included
6 CHAPTER NO 10.THERMODYNAMICS Important long topics. i. Derive 𝑐𝑝 − 𝑐𝑣 = 𝑅 relationship between molar specific heat at constant pressure and molar specific heat at constant volume. ii. Carnot heat cycle iii. First law of thermodynamic and its application iv. Numerical 4,5,6,7,8 Examples 10.6, 10.5,10.4,10.3 Short question SLO based. i. Why can efficiency of thermodynamic system can never be 100%? ii. Calculate work done by thermodynamic system during volume change. iii. Discuss that increase in entropy mean degradation of energy. iv. Is it possible to convert internal energy into mechanical energy? Explain with examples. v. What are limitations of first law of thermodynamic? vi. Find the efficiency of a Carnot’s heat engine working between the steam and ice. vii. Define entropy of the system. Explain that entropy refers to degradation of energy. viii. Why isotherm is less steeper then adiabat? ix. Why Cpis always greater than Cv for a heat engine? x. What happens to the temperature of a room where an air conditioner is left running on a table in the middle of a room?
Prepared by: Mr. JABBAR UL HASSAN AWAN
HOD PHYSICS (ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL & COLLEGE ROOH-E-RAWAN RWP) CONTACT NO: 0301-5596485
