Math Mammoth Grade 6 Tests Answer Key

Please use the tests provided as you see fit. I have tried to write them so they can be used to assess the
student’s knowledge of the main concepts and skills in each chapter. You can, however, use them as an
additional review lesson instead (just ignore the word “test” in the title).
I personally do not feel that students necessarily need to be tested often in a homeschool situation because
the parent usually has an idea of the student’s weaknesses and strengths. However, it does provide more
exact knowledge of which concepts and skills have been mastered. Some homeschooling parents also
need to test and grade the student as required by their state, and these tests help them to do so.

Chapter 1 Test
1. a. 27 b. 1 c. 2,500 d. 100,000
2. a. (100 − 80) × 2 − 20 = 20 × 2 − 20 = 40 − 20 = 20
b. 480 ÷ 23 = 480 ÷ 8 = 60
c. 32 + 05 × 12 ÷ 4 = 32 + 0 × 12 ÷ 4 = 32 + 0 ÷ 4 = 32 + 0 = 32
3. a. 400 ÷ 5 = 80 → Divisor: 5. b. 18 − 14 = 4 → Subtrahend: 14.
4. $937.50 ÷ 75 = $12.50.
5. 1.5 m / 18 min = 0.5 m / 6 min = 1 m / 12 min, so the mole can dig 1 meter in 12 minutes.
6. The length of each side is 56 cm ÷ 4 = 14 cm. So the area is 14 cm × 14 cm = 196 cm2.
7. a. 504,300,000 b. 1,600,020,100
8. a. 5 × 105 + 6 × 104 b. 9 × 106 + 1 × 105 + 8 × 103
9. a. 3,000,000 b. 480,000,000 c. 20,000,000

10. It will take you 43 sec/page × 234 pages = 10,062 seconds = 167 minutes and 42 seconds (almost 3 hours).
Chapter 2 Test

1. a. 2 · 5 + 10 = 10 + 10 = 20 b. 52 + 10 = 25 + 10 = 35
c. (40 − 5)/5 = 35/5 = 7 d. 40 − (5/5) = 40 − 1 = 39
2. a. 6x = 48 → x = 48 / 6 = 8 b. y + 78 = 134 → y = 134 − 78 = 56 c. x/16 = 3 → x = 3 · 16 = 48
3. a. 3/5 = 18/30 b. 2 : 3 = 18 : 27 c. 10 to 45 = 2 to 9 d. 12 : 30 = 2 to 5

4L 2L 10 L $9 $3 $15 $90
4. a. = = b. = = =
10 m2 5 m2 25 m2 6 min 2 min 10 min 1 hour

5. Fuel (gallons) 5 25 35 500 750 1,200

Distance (miles) 1 5 7 100 150 240

6. There are 3 + 5 = 8 parts, so each part consists of 1,200 ÷ 8 = 150 inserts. So Anita folded 3 × 150 = 450 inserts, and
Michael folded 5 × 150 = 750 inserts.
7. The difference of three parts between the length of the sides of the rectangle is 15 cm, so each part is 5 cm.
a. The rectangle’s length is 8 × 5 cm = 40 cm, and its width is 5 × 5 cm = 25 cm.
b. Its area is 40 cm × 25 cm = 1,000 cm2.
8. The difference of 3/7 in their ages is 9 years, so each 1/7 (of Tom’s age) is 3 years.
a. Marie is 4/7 of Tom’s age, so she is 4 × 3 years = 12 years old.
Tom is 7/7 of his own age, so he is 7 × 3 years = 21 years old.
b. The ratio of Marie’s age to Tom’s age is, of course, 4 : 7.
9. a. 14 downloads 1 download 3 downloads
= = , so three song downloads would cost 45 ¢.
$2.10 $0.15 $0.45
10. a. 6 / 15 = 10 / M → M = (10 × 15) / 6 = 25 b. T / 4 = 35 / 10 → T = (4 × 35) / 10 = 14
11. The 1 + 7 = 8 parts make a total of 4 L, so each part is 4 ÷ 8 = ½ L. You need 1 × ½ L = ½ L of juice concentrate and
7 × ½ L = 3 ½ L of water.
12. On the plan the room will measure 4.5 m × (1 cm / 0.5 m) by 5 m × (1 cm / 0.5 m) = 9 cm by 10 cm.
Chapter 3 Test
1. a. 0.005 b. 0.00382 c. 1.003658 d. 0.0094

2. a. 20,045 / 10,000 b. 912 / 1,000,000 c. 749,038 / 100,000

3. a. 0.200 + 0.005 = 0.205 b. 0.07 + 0.03 = 0.1 c. 2.022 + 0.033 = 2.055

4. a. 4 ÷ 0.04 = 100 b. 0.4 ÷ 0.04 = 10 c. 0.04 ÷ 0.04 = 1

5. a. 2.31 × 0.04 = 0.0924 b. 3.38758 ÷ 7 + 0.045 = 0.48394 + 0.04500 = 0.52894

6. Round to … 0.0882717 0.489932 1.299959

… the nearest thousandth 0.088 0.490 1.300
… the nearest hundred-thousandth 0.08827 0.48993 1.29996

7. a. 0.24 ÷ 3 = 0.08 b. 5.4 ÷ 0.6 = 9 c. 0.081 ÷ 0.009 = 9

d. 2 × 0.05 = 0.1 e. 8 × 0.009 = 0.072 f. 11 × 0.0005 = 0.0055
8. a. 4 × 105 = 400,000 b. 6.78 × 108 = 678,000,000 c. 4.0109 × 109 = 4,010,900,000
9. The area of the parcel is 50.5 m × 27.6 m = 1,393.8 m2, so each fourth has an area of 1,393.8 m2 ÷ 4 = 348.45 m2
10. The pint-sized bottle is $3.28 / 1 pt = $3.28 / 16 oz = 20.5 ¢ / oz, and the 24-ounce size is $4.95 / 24 oz = 20.625 ¢ / oz.
So the pint-sized bottle of shampoo is a tiny bit cheaper per ounce.
11. 22.9 ÷ 7 ≈ 3.2714 … ≈ 3.271 (to the nearest 1000th).
12. a. 8 ÷ 9 = 0.889 b. 1 + 3 ÷ 8 = 1.375 c. 13 ÷ 20 = 0.65 d. 2 + 2 ÷ 25 = 2.08
13.a. 1,000 × 0.02 = 20 b. 100 × 0.0047 = 0.47
c. 106 × 1.097 = 1,097,000 d. 0.6 ÷ 100 = 0.006
e. 12.45 ÷ 10,000 = 0.001245 f. 324 ÷ 105 = 0.00324

14. a. 5.36 ÷ 0.2 = 26.8 b. 1.6 ÷ 0.05 = 32

15. (a / b) + 0.1 = (0.4592 / 0.08) + 0.1 = 5.74 + 0.10 = 5.84
16. a. 56 mm = 0.056 m b. 9 km = 9,000 m c. 9 cg = 0.09 g d. 16 dl = 1.6 L

17. a. 2.7 km = 2,700 m = 270,000 cm = 2,700,000 mm

17. b. 5,600 mL = 560 cL = 56 dL = 5.6 L
17. c. 0.6 g = 6 dg = 60 cg = 600 mg

18. Since 7 pounds 6 ounces = 7 6/16 lbs = 7.375 lbs, 7.4 pounds is heavier than 7 pounds 6 ounces by 7.4 lbs − 7.375 lbs
= 0.025 lbs (= 1/40 lb = 4/10 ounce).
Chapter 4 Test
1. Divisible by 2 3 4 5 6 9 Divisible by 2 3 4 5 6 9
2,272 x x 2,476 x x
8,700 x x x x x 10,104 x x x x

2. a. 45 = 3 × 3 × 5 b. 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 c. 80 = 2 × 2 × 2 ×2 × 5 d. 135 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
3. z The number 46 has only four factors, namely 1, 2, 23, and 46.
z 7, 14, 77, and 140 are some multiples of 7.
z The least common multiple of 14 and 10 is 70.
z The greatest common factor of 14 and 10 is 2.
z The numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, etc. are called prime numbers.

4. a. 1 b. 1 4
66 6 × 11 11 112 14 × 8 4
= = = =
84 7 × 12 14 140 14 × 10 5
2 1 5

c. 1 d. 1
72 8 ×9 9 1 65 5 × 13 13
= = =2 = =
32 4× 8 4 4 75 5 × 15 15
1 1

5. a. 27 = 3 × 3 × 3 b. 88 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 c. 63 = 3 × 3 × 7
51 = 3 × 17 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 98 = 2 × 7 × 7
GCF = 3 GCF = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8 GCF = 7
6. a. 2 = 2 (prime) b. 8 = 2 × 2 × 2 c. 9 = 3 × 3 d. 10 = 2 × 5
5 = 5 (prime) 12 = 2 × 2 × 3 12 = 2 × 2 × 3 6=2×3
LCM = 2 × 5 = 10 LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 24 LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36 LCM = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
Chapter 5 Test
1. a. ( 7 / 10 ) + ( 2 / 3 ) = ( 21 + 20 ) / 30 = 41/30 = 1 11/30
b. ( 5 / 6 ) + ( 1 / 9 ) = ( 15 + 2 ) / 18 = 17/18
c. 1 5/12 + 2 7/15 = 3 ( 25 + 28 ) / 60 = 3 53/60

2. 2 2/5 ÷ 4/5 = 3 →
3. a. 6 2/3 − 1 1/2 = ( 6 − 1 ) + ( 4 − 3 ) / 6 = 5 1/6
b. 9 1/4 − 5 2/5 = ( 9 − 5 ) + ( 5 − 8 ) / 20 = ( 8 − 5 ) + ( 25 − 8 ) / 20 = 3 17/20
c. 8 2/5 − 4 17/20 = ( 8 − 4 ) + ( 8 − 17 ) / 20 = ( 7 − 4 ) + ( 28 − 17 ) / 20 = 3 11/20
1 2 1 3 2
9 6 9 × 6 1 21 × 20 = 21 × 20
4. a. × = = b. = 1
21 18 21 × 18 7 30 14 30 × 14
7 21 3 2
13 2 1
26 10 26 × 10 13
c. × = =
35 36 35 × 36 63
7 18 9

5. a. 3/4 × 4/6 = 3/6 = 1/2. b. 1/4 × 7/8 = ( 1 × 7 ) / ( 4 × 8 ) = 7/32.

1 5 5 4 4 16 8
6. a. × = b. × = =
3 7 21 6 5 30 15

7. a. ( 4 / 7 ) ÷ ( 1 / 3 ) = ( 4 / 7 ) × ( 3 / 1 ) = ( 4 × 3 ) / ( 7 × 1 ) = 12 / 7 = 1 5/7
b. 4 1/6 ÷ 1/2 = 4 1/6 × 2/1 = 8 2/6 = 8 1/3
c. 7 ÷ 4 1/8 = 7 ÷ 33/8 = 7 × 8/33 = 56/33 = 1 23/33
8. 1 − (2/5 × 1/2) = 1 − (2 × 1) / ( 5 × 2 ) = 10/10 − 2/10 = 8/10 = 4/5
9. a. The area is: 20 1/2 ft × 15 1/2 ft = (20 × 15) + (20 × 1/2) + (1/2 × 15) + (1/2 × 1/2) sq ft
= 300 + 10 + 7 1/2 + 1/4 sq ft = 317 3/4 sq ft
b. 317 3/4 sq ft ÷ 3 = (317 ÷ 3) + (3/4 ÷ 3) sq ft = 105 2/3 + 1/4 sq ft = 105 + 8/12 + 3/12 sq ft = 105 11/12 sq ft
10. Dad ate 1 − 1/3 = 2/3. Mom ate 1/2 × 2/3 = 1/3. Each child got 1/3 ÷ 3 = 1/9.
a. Tommy got 1/3 ÷ 3 = 1/9.
11. The 12 spruce trees make up 1 − 1/4 − 1/4 = 1/2 of the evergreen trees, so there
are 2 × 12 = 24 evergreen trees. Those 24 evergreen trees make up 1/3 of the
total, so there are 3 × 24 = 72 trees in the park.
12. There are 4 + 5 = 9 parts, so each part is 5 ft ÷ 9 = 5/9 ft × (12 in / ft) = 60/9 in
= 6 2/3 in.
a. The shorter piece of material is 4 parts long, or 4 × 6 2/3 in = 24 8/3 in = 10. b.
2 ft 2 2/3 in.
b. The longer piece of material is 5 parts long, or 5 × 6 2/3 in = 30 10/3 in = 2 ft 9 1/3 in.
13. If 2/5 of the cake weighs 250 g, then 1/5 weighs 125 g, and the whole cake originally weighed 5 × 125 g = 625 grams.
14. If 3/4 of the first number is 90, then the number is 4/3 × 90 = 120. If 4/5 of the other number is 100, then the other
number is 5/4 × 100 = 125. So the difference is 125 − 120 = 5.
15. The distance in reality is 200,000 × 4 cm = 800,000 cm = 8 km (almost 5 miles)
Chapter 6 Test

45 79 32
1. a. 45% = = 0.45 b. 79% = = 0.79 c. 32% = = 0.32
100 100 100
87 56 942
d. 187% = 1 = 1.87 e. 5.6% = = 0.056 f. 94.2% = = 0.942
100 1000 1000
2. 57%
3. a.$8.40. First find 20% of $7. Since 10% of $7 is $0.70, then 20% of $7 is $1.40 Add that to the original price of $7.00.
b. $8.40. First find 30% of $12. It is $3.60. Then subtract that from $12.00.
4. a. 48 T-shirts are white. You can first calculate 10% of 120, which is 12. Then, 40% of 120 is four times as much, or 48.
b. 33% of the caps are red. Write the fraction 4/12 = 1/3 as a percentage.
5. a. The increase is 25%. Compare the difference of 4 students to the original class size of 16 students: 4/16 = 1/4 = 25%.
b. The decrease is 20%. Compare the difference of 3 students to the original class size of 15 students: 3/15 = 1/5 = 20%.
6. The tax itself is 0.06 × $30 = $1.80. The final price is $30 + $1.80 = $31.80.
7. The $35 jeans discounted by 10% are cheaper. They are $0.50 cheaper.
To find the price of $35 jeans discounted by 10%: First find 10% of $35. It is $3.50. Then subtract $35 − $3.50 = $31.50.
To find the price of $40 jeans discounted by 20%: First find 20% of $40. It is $8. Then subtract $40 − $8 = $32.
8. $2,000. If $400 is 20%, then $200 is 10%, and $2,000 is 100% or the total salary.
9. The population is now 15,375. First calculate 10% of 15,000. It is 1,500. Then, 5% of 15,000 is half of that, or 750.
And 2.5% of 15,000 is half of that, or 375. Lastly add 375 to 15,000
10. The final price of the discounted Smartphone is $283.50.
First find 10% of $300. It is $30. 5% is half of that, or $15. We add that to $300 to find the increased price:
$300 + $15 = $315. Then when it is discounted, calculate 10% of $315, which is $31.50. Subtract that from $315:
$315 − $31.50 = $283.50
11. a. Compare the difference of the prices to the first phone's price: $20/$60 = 1/3 = 33%.
So the $80 phone costs 33% more than the $60 phone.
b. Compare the difference of the prices to the second phone's price: $20/$80 = 1/4 = 25%.
So, the $60 phone is 25% cheaper than the $80 phone.
12. Right now, 1,000 people are unemployed. Then 200 people become employed, leaving 800 unemployed.
To find the percentage, compare 800 to the total workforce: 800/10,000 = 8/100 = 8%.
Chapter 7 Test
1. a. The third angle is 40°. To find it, we use the fact that 7. a. 10 cm b. 78.5 cm2 c. 31.4 cm (using Pi = 3.14)
the sum of all angles is 180°: 180° − 70° − 70° = 40°.
b. It is acute and isosceles. 8. a. The triangle has a base of 20 cm and a height of 10 cm.
c. Image not to scale. Its area is then 20 cm × 10 cm / 2 = 100 cm2.
b. We first find the area of the circle, then subtract from
that the area of the triangle. The area of the circle is
(10 cm)2 × 3.14 = 314 cm2. The colored area is then
314 cm2 − 100 cm2 = 214 cm2.
9. a. You need to measure a base and an altitude. A triangle
has three base & altitudes pairs. One possibility is
below:

2. A = 99°, B = 99°, D = 81°.

3. a. Yes the triangles are similar.
b. The scale ratio between them is 1:1.5 or 2:3.
c. No change is needed.
4. The sides of the larger parallelogram are 84 mm and
112 mm. To calculate them, divide the sides of the shorter Using this base & altitude, the area is calculated as
one by 3 and multiply what you get by 7. 10.4 cm × 5.5 cm ÷ 2 = 28.6 cm2 ≈ 29 cm2. You should
get close to the same result no matter which base &
altitude you use.
b. 2,900 mm2
10. a. The volume is (2 cm)2 × 3.14 × 12 cm
= 150.72 cm3 ≈ 151 cm3
b. 151 ml

11. a. Jack's room is larger. Michelle's room is 120 square

feet. Each square yard is 9 square feet, so Michelle's
room in square yards is 120 / 9 = 13.33 square yards.
You could also calculate it the other way by converting
5. a. b. the length and width of Michelle's room into yards:
b. The coordinates are (−4, −2), (−1, −2), and (−2, −5). 12 ft is 4 yards, and 10 ft is 3 1/3 yards. Then, the area
c. 3 × 3 / 2 = 4.5 square units. of Michelle's room is 4 yd × 3 1/3 yd = 13 1/3 sq. yd.
b. Jack's room is 6 square feet larger. Each square yard is
9 square feet, so Jack's room is 14 sq. yd. = 126 sq. ft.

6. a.
b. (0, −4), (4, −4), (1, −2), and (5, −2).
c. 4 × 2 = 8 square units
Chapter 8 Test
1. −5 −3 0 3

2. a. −7 + 2 = −5 b. −3 + 6 = 3

c. −1 − 5 = −6 d. 2 − 7 = −5

3.
a. b. c. d.
3 + (−7) = −4 (−1) + (−9) = −10 4 + (−5) = −1 8 − (−2) = 10
(−3) + 7 = 4 1 − 9 = −8 −4 − 5 = −9 −8 − (−2) = −6

4. a. May owes $3. She borrows $8 more. −3 −8 = −11

Now her money situation is: She owes $11.
b. The temperature was 1°C and fell 4°.
Now the temperature is −3 °C. 1 −4 = −3

5.
a. −3 × (−4) = 12 b. (−6) × (−8) = 48 c. (−2) × 6 × (−2) = 24
−3 × 4 = −12 6 × (−8) = −48 −5 × 2 × (−9) = 90

6.
a. 10 ÷ (−10) = −1 b. (−24) ÷ (−3) = 8 c. −64 ÷ (−8) = 8
−10 ÷ (−10) = 1 21 ÷ (−3) = −7 100 ÷ −1) = −100

7.
a. 2 + ( −2) = 0 b. −4 + 4 = 0 c. −2 − 4 = −6
1 + (−6) = −5 −4 − 4 = −8 3 − 4 = −1

8. a. (−3) + 8 + (−10) + 9 = 4 b. 4 + (−7) + (−6) + 9 + (−5)= −5

9.

a. 6a = −30 b. −3y = −27 −35

c. =7
x
a = −5 y=9 x = −5
10. x −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0
y −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

11. a. Simply plot two points, and then use those to draw the line that
goes through them. To plot two points, choose any two x-values,
such as x = 2 and x = 5 or any others. Then calculate the y-values.
In this case, y = x + 2, so when x = 2, y = 4. When x = 5, y = 7.

b. a. Simply plot two points, and then use those to draw the line that
goes through them. To plot two points, choose any two x-values,
such as x = 0 and x = 1 or any others. Then calculate the y-values.
In this case, y = 5 − x, so when x = 0, y = 5. When x = 1, y = 4.
Chapter 9 Test

1. a. P(5) = 1/6 b. P(not 5) = 5/6 c. P(8) = 0/6 d. P(less than 7) = 6/6

2. a. P(green) = 1/6 = 16.7% b. P(not yellow) = 5/6 = 83.3% c. P(not yellow nor orange) = 4/6 = 66.7%
3. a. P(green ; green) = (1/6) × (1/6) = 1/36
b. P(yellow ; not yellow) = (1/6) × (5/6) = 5/36
c. P(blue or purple ; yellow or orange or red) = (1/3) × (1/2) = 1/6
4. a. P(white, then colored) = (1/3) × (8/11) = 8/33 b. P(colored, then white) = (2/3) × (4/11) = 8/33
c. P(colored, colored) = (2/3) × (7/11) = 14/33 d. P(white, white) = (1/3) × (3/11) = 1/11
5. a.

b. Mrs. Rainbow can make 24 outfits.

c. Multiply the number of tops, the number of skirts, and the number of shoes: 2 × 3 × 4 = 24.
d. Red top, Blue skirt and White shoes.
e. P(RBW) = 1/24
f. P(green top) = 1/2
g. P(green top, blue skirt) = 1/6
P(green top) = 1/2 and P(blue skirt) = 1/3. Multiply those to get 1/6. Or, you can count all the outcomes that have
a green top and blue skirt... there are 4 such outcomes. 4/24 = 1/6.
h. P(same color top and shoes) = 1/4
The outcomes RRR, RBR, RPR, GRG, GBG, and GBG, which means 6 outcomes out of 24 are favorable.
i. P(top, skirt and shoes same color) = 1/24. Only the one outcome RRR is favorable.
6. a. iii b. 43.1% c. 11.8%

7. a.

7. b. 36.9% c. 3.0% d. About 10 times more videos.

8. a. mean 15.3 median 15 mode 15 range 9

b. mean (none) median (none) mode horse, dog range (none)
9. b. Quiz 2

Quiz 1: median 6 Quiz 2: median 8

mode 6 range 3 mode 8 range 5

10.
a.
Stem Leaf
11 4 9
12 0125778
13 02

b. The median is 125.

c. The range is 18.
The End-of-the-Year Test

Please see the file for the End of the Year Test for grading instructions.

The Basic Operations and Place Value

1. a. 25 b. 10,000 c. 1 d. 16 e. 100 f. 27
2. a. The perimeter is 40 meters. b. The side is 3 inches.
3.
a. 120 + 3 × 10 = 150 b. 23 ÷ 2 + 5 = 9
30 × 50
c. 40 − (2 + 4)2 = 4 d. × (15 + 5) = 6,000
10 − 5

4. a. 5,080,007,000 b. 6,000,392,000,500 c. 9,020,154,000.000

5. a. 290,700 b. 905,300,000

40
6. a. 3 × 6 + 8 = 26 b. × 12 = 60
8

7. a. x = 120 b. x = 500 c. x = 70 d. x = 7,200

Ratios and Proportions

8. a. 2:6 = 1 : 3 b. 9 balls to 12 triangles = 3 balls to 4 triangles

c. 200 g to 2 kg = 200 g : 2,000 g = 1 g : 10 g or 1 : 10 d. 15:21 = 5 : 7

7 km 3.5 km 10.5 km $96 $24 $120

9. a. = = b. = =
30 min 15 min 45 min 8 hr 2 hr 10 hr

10. Eileen needs 200 ml of water to make the juice. She has a total of 280 ml of juice.
11.

x 7 11 2
a. = First cross-multiply. b. = First cross-multiply.
5 3 214 M
Next, calculate what Next, calculate what
3x = 5×7 11 M = 214 × 2
is on the right side. is on the right side.
Next, divide both sides Next, divide both sides
3 x = 35 11 M = 428
of the equation by 3. of the equation by 11 .
3x 35 Simplify on the left. Do 11 M 428 Simplify on the left. Do
= =
3 3 the division on the right. 11 11 the division on the right.

x = 11 2/3 This is the final answer. M = 38 10/11 This is the final answer.
 20 laps 10 laps 50 laps
12. = =
18 min 9 min 45 min
$3,300 $2,500
13. =
600 X
14. a. The car would need 4.7 liters of gasoline to travel 54 km.
b. A car can travel on 205.7 km on 18 liters of gasoline.
15. From the illustration you can see that there are 14 “parts” in the perimeter. Each part is 140 cm ÷ 14 = 10 cm.
Since one side is 2 “parts” and the other is 5 “parts”, the sides are 20 cm and 50 cm.

Decimals
16. a. 0.003 b. 1.2 c. 0.067534 d. 0.0027

17. a. 34/1000 (or 17/500) b. 3467/100,000 c. 3 92432/100,000 (or 3 5777/6250)

18.

a. 0.017 0.0711 0.701 b. 1.000306 1.00404 1.0403

19.

a. b. c.
0.4 + 0.7 = 1.1 0.02 + 0.06 = 0.08 0.009 + 0.007 = 0.016
0.4 + 0.07 = 0.47 0.02 + 0.0006 = 0.0206 0.00009 + 0.007 = 0.00709

4 72 2
20. a. 1 + 0.06 = 1.46 b. 0.1 + = 0.82 c. 3.005 − = 3.003
10 100 1000

21. a. 0.8 × 7 = 5.6 b. 10 × 0.0005 = 0.005 c. 400 × 0.09 = 36

d. 0.08 × 0.07 = 0.0056 e. 1000 × 0.05 = 50 f. 0.012 × 0.004 = 0.000048

22. a. 0.036 ÷ 6 = 0.006 b. 3 ÷ 1000 = 0.003 c. 3.4 ÷ 100 = 0.034

d. 0.0048 ÷ 8 = 0.0006 e. 0.07 ÷ 10 = 0.007 f. 710 ÷ 1000 = 0.71

23.
Number: 0.229748 1.056734 3.3349725
…three decimals 0.230 1.057 3.335
…to the nearest ten-thousandth 0.2297 1.0567 3.3350

24. a. 6y = 6 × 0.02 = 0.12 b. 6y = 6 × 0.0002 = 0.0012 c. 6y = 6 × 0.00002 = 0.00012

25. a. 2.3127 b. 2.327622 c. 1.794
26. a. 0.42857 b. 1.66667
27.
a. 6.45 ÷ 0.3 b. 12.075 ÷ 0.05
Multiply both by 10: Multiply both by 100:
64.5 ÷ 3 = 21.5 1,207.5 ÷ 5 = 241.5
28. Ten books. Nine pounds is 9 × 16 = 144 ounces. 144 oz ÷ 14 = 10.29. So you can pack 10 books in the box.
29. a. 52 oz = 3.25 lb b. 1.3 lb = 20.8 oz
c. 3.6 ft = 43.2 in d. 76 in = 6.33 ft
30. a. 125 cm = 1.25 m = 1,250 mm b. 300 g = 0.3 kg = 300,000 mg
31. Ten cakes. Two kilograms of flour equals 3.2 liters, or 3,200 ml. 3,200 ml ÷ 300 ml = 10 and remainder of 200 ml.
32. 14,050 g left for your carry-on luggage. The laptop weighs 3.3 kg or 3,300 g. Laptop and its case weigh together
3,300 g + 650 g = 3,950 g. 18 kg is 18,000 grams. Subtract 18,000 g − 3,950 g = 14,050 g.

Number Theory
33. 283 is not divisible by 24 because an odd number cannot be divisible by an even number.
OR 283 is not divisible by 24 because 283 ÷ 24 leaves a reminder.
34. Divisible by 2 3 4 5 6 9 Divisible by 2 3 4 5 6 9
2,966 x 5,845 x
9,423 x x 278 x

35. a. 2 × 11 b. 5 × 13 c. 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3

36. a. The GFC is 9. b. The GFC is 40.

37. a. The LCM is 21. b. The LCM is 36.

Fractions
38. a. cross it out. b. 2/7 c. cross it out d. 72/132

7 5 11 3
39. a. 1 b. c. 3 d. 8
30 9 12 28

2 7 11 4 56 524 3 2
40. a. > b. > c. > d. >
3 11 13 5 100 1000 7 5

2
41. No, the correct answer is 2/7. × =
3

42. You can get 19 pieces. You can divide 33 1/2 ÷ 1 3/4 = (67/2) ÷ (7/4) = (67/2) × (4/7) = 134/7 = 19 1/7.
Or, you can make a guess, and check. Guess first that you could get ten pieces. 10 × 1 3/4 in. = 10 × 1.75 in = 17.5 in.
This is about half of 33 1/2 inches, so next time guess 20 pieces: 20 × 1.75 in = 2 × 17.5 in. = 35 in. This is a little bit
too much. Therefore, 19 pieces is probably right. Now, 19 × 1 3/4 in. is 35 in. - 1 3/4 in. = 33 1/4 in. So that works.

43. a. 2 2/9 b. 2 1/7 c. 3/10 d. 2 20/23

44. a. The grocery bill was $306. b. Dad has $1224 left now.
45. The club has 30 members.
Since 3/5 of the members is 18 members, then 1/5 of the members is 6 members. Then, all members, or 5/5 of the
members is 5 × 6 = 30.
46. a. The area is 30 1/4 sq ft. b. The area is 4,356 square inches. You can change the sides of the garden into inches,
and multiply: 5 1/2 ft = 66 in. The area is 66 in. × 66 in. = 4,356 sq. in.
47. The short piece is 4 1/2 inches long and the longer piece is 2 ft 7 1/2 in. long.
Imagine the board cut into 8 equal pieces (the ratio 1:7 means 1 piece and 7 pieces). Each piece is then 3 ft. ÷ 8
= 36 in. ÷ 8 = 4 1/2 in. The short piece is one part, or 4 1/2 in. The long piece is the rest, or 31 1/2 in. = 2 ft 7 1/2 in.
48. a. 3 3/8 in. and 3 in.
The ratio 2:3 means that the two “parts” in the original rectangle correspond to three “parts” in the larger. So, we divide
each side of the original rectangle into two “parts,” or we simply divide each side length of the original rectangle by 2,
and then multiply that by 3 to get the three “parts” in the large one:
2 1/4 in. ÷ 2 × 3 = 9/4 in. ÷ 2 × 3 = 9/8 in. × 3 = 27/8 in. = 3 3/8 in. and 2 in. ÷ 2 × 3 = 3 in.
b. The area is 3 3/8 in. × 3 in. = 9 9/8 sq. in. = 10 1/8 sq. in.

Percent
49.
66 3 89
a. 66% = = 0.66 b. 3% = = 0.03 c. 89% = = 0.89
100 100 100
70 15 943
d. 270% = 2 = 2.70 e. 1.5% = = 0.015 f. 94.3% = = 0.943
100 1000 1000

50. a. 1/7 = 14.3% b. 13/20 = 65%

51. The new price is $24. First calculate 10% of $20, which is $2. Double that to get 20% of $20, which is $4.
Add $4 to the original price to get $24.
52. Compare the non-fiction books to the total number of books: 4/16 = 1/4 = 25%.
53. Jane is 144 cm tall. Calculate 0.9 × 160 cm = 144 cm.
54. It costs $4.86. Calculate 10% of $5.40 which is $0.54. Subtract $5.40 − $0.54 = $4.86.
55. Arthur's height is 80% of Jim's height. Compare Arthur's height to Jim's height: 64 cm/80 cm = 64/80 = 8/10 = 80%.
56. There was a 33% increase. Compare the difference to the original: 5/15 = 1/3 ≈ 33%.
57. The decrease was 5%. Compare the difference to the original: $10/$200 = 10/200 = 5/100 = 5%.

Geometry
58. A = 50°; B = 130°

59. a. right b. Image not to scale:

60. The area of the square is 12 cm × 12 cm = 144 cm2. The area of one triangle is 1/4 of that, or 36 cm2.
In square millimeters, it is 3,600 mm2. To find that out, you can either remember that 1 cm2 = 100 mm2, or you could
change the measurements to millimeters: 120 mm × 120 mm = 14,400 mm2, and 1/4 of that is 3,600 mm2.
61. c.
62. c.
63. 42.5 cm. The sides of the bigger triangle are 2.5 times the sides of the smaller triangle, so the unknown side is
2.5 × 17 cm = 42.5 cm.
64. The figure consists of a parallelogram with base 6 cm and height 2.2 cm, and a triangle with base 6 cm and height 2.2 cm.
The total area is 6 cm × 2.2 cm + 6 cm × 2.2 cm ÷ 2 = 19.8 cm2. You could also think of the figure as three identical
triangles.
65. One face of the cube has the area of 3 cm × 3 cm = 9 cm2. There are six faces, so the total surface area is 54 cm2.
66. The volume is (3 cm)2 × 3.14 × 10 cm = 282.6 cm3 ≈ 280 cm3.

Integers
67. a. −9 −7 0 7 b. −23 −13 −10 −3

68. a. −10 + 6 = − 4 b. −5 + 7 = 2

c. −1 − 5 = − 6 d. 3 − 8 = −5

69. a. 3 + (−8) = − 5 b. (−6) + (−9) = −15 c. 2 + (−9) = −7 d. 4 − (−2) = 6

(−3) + 8 = 5 6 − 9 = −3 −6 − 5 = −11 −4 − (−2) = −2

70. a. −3 × (−5) = 15 b. (−7) × (−8) = 56 c. (−2) × 3 × (−2) = 12

−3 × 5 = − 15 7 × (−9) = −63 −8 × (−2) × (−1) = −16

71. a. −20 ÷ (−5) = 4 b. (−48) ÷ (−4) = 12 c. −72 ÷ 8 = − 9

33 ÷ (−3) = −11 21 ÷ (−7) = −3 −150 ÷ (−10) = 15

72. a. −5 + (−5) = −10 b. 2 × (−7) = −14 c. 3 − 5 = −2

d. −48 ÷ (−8) = 6 e. 4 + (−4) = 0 f. −1 − 8 = −9

73.

x −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1
y 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y 0 −1 −2 −3 −4 −5 −6 −7
Statistics & Probability
74. a. P(yellow) = 5/10 or 1/2 b. P(not red) = 8/10 or 4/5 c. (blue or red) = 5/10 or 1/2
75. a. P(blue; blue) = (3/10) × (3/10) = 9/100 b. P(not yellow; not yellow) = (1/2) × (1/2) = 1/4
76. a. mean (none) median (none) mode blue b. mean 10.7 median 10.5 mode 10
77. a. About 950,000 candles were sold in 2009.
b. About 200,000 more candles were sold in 2010 than in 2005.
c. The increase in sales was about 24% from 2005 to 2010. Compare the difference of 200,000 to the original value
of 850,000. 200,000/850,000 = 20/85 = 4/17 ≈ 24% (use long division to divide 4 by 17). It is also acceptable to
answer about 25%, and estimate 200,000/850,000 = 4/17 ≈ 4/16 = 1/4 = 25%.

78.
Age (years) Frequency
15 - 16 8
17 - 18 6
19 - 20 3
21 - 22 4
23 - 24 3

79. a. The median is 33. b. The range is 11.