Organized
Organized
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UNIT-III: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
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UNIT-VI: INDIAN ECONOMY
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(iv) Evolution of 19th and 20th Century Socio-Political Movements in
Tamil Nadu - Justice Party, Growth of Rationalism - Self Respect
Movement, Dravidian Movement and Principles underlying both
these Movements, Contributions of Thanthai Periyar and
Perarignar Anna.
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Combined Civil Services (Main) Examination – II (Group – IIA Services)
[Single Paper consisting of General Studies (50% of questions - Degree Standard), General Intelligence and
Reasoning (20% of questions – SSLC Standard) and Language (General Tamil or General English) (30% of
questions – SSLC Standard)] Code: 470
Unit II: Administration of States with reference to Tamil Nadu (30 Questions)
Constitution of India: Preamble and Philosophical features – Salient features and Sources – Union,
States and Union Territories; Citizenship - Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Directive Principles
of State Policy; Union Government: President, Vice-President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
– Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha); State Government: Chief Minister and Council of Ministers
– Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly: Structure, Powers and Functions; Local Governments: Three-tier
system – 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments - Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act 1994 – Grama Sabha;
Tamil Nadu Administration: Nature, evolution and organisational structure and functions – Salient
features of Tamil Nadu administration – Secretariat, Chief Secretary, Additional Chief Secretary,
Principal Secretary to Government of Tamil Nadu; District Administration: Role and functions of District
Collector, District Revenue Officer, Revenue Divisional Officer, Tahsildar, Block Development Officer,
Revenue Inspector, and Village Administrative Officer; E-Governance Policy of Government of Tamil
Nadu – E-Governance and Mobile-Governance initiatives of Government of Tamil Nadu - Tamil Nadu
State’s Specialised Undertakings and Agencies; Tamil Nadu Government sponsored welfare schemes
and measures (Since 1990) – objectives, issues and challenges in the implementation – Impact of
welfare schemes and measures on the socio-economic development of the people; Current Affairs.
Unit III: Science and Technology in Development (15 Questions)
Atomic and Nuclear Physics – Applications of nuclear energy - Electronics and Communication -
Robotics and applications; Nanotechnology and its applications; Electrochemical cells – Batteries –
Gaseous fuels – LPG – Polymers – Carbohydrates – Vitamins – Antibiotics; Applications of Geographic
Information System (GIS); Biotechnology: Applications of biotechnology – concepts - tools used – plant
genetic engineering – concepts - transgenic plants, edible vaccines, BT cotton, Golden rice - social and
ecological impact of genetically modified crops - Biotechnological methods for crop improvement -
Application of plant tissue culture in forestry and horticulture - DNA fingerprinting – Applications of
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) in disease
diagnosis; Advanced reproductive techniques: In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) – Artificial insemination – test
tube baby; Vaccines: types – vaccination schedule in humans; Contribution of the scientists from Tamil
Nadu; Digital Computer Fundamentals: Hardware Components – Input / Output Devices; Memory types:
RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM; Secondary Storage Devices: HDD, SDD, CD Type – CPU:
Control Unit - Arithmetic Logic Unit - Software types: System Software: OS – System Commands of
Windows and Linux – Application Software: DBMS – Database Creation, Queries – Word Processor,
Spreadsheet, Presentation Software – Communication Software: Browser, Email: Sending and receiving
email, Document sharing and Folder Management – Computer Network: Classification of Networks -
Topology – Multimedia and Applications: Image, Audio, Video File types – Network Security: User
Authentication; Current Affairs.
Unit IV: Tamil Nadu Economy and Social Issues in Tamil Nadu (20 Questions)
Tamil Nadu Economy – Features – State Budget: Major revenue and expenditure – State Income types
– State’s Economic growth: Agriculture - Industry – Service Sector; Agriculture: Major crops – Food
grains – Cash crops – Types of farming – Organic farming – Inorganic farming – Contract farming –
Farmers Producers Organisation (FPO) – Agricultural Marketing – Issues of Marketing – Online
Marketing – Agriculture Budgeting in Tamil Nadu – Features; Education: Illiteracy - Gross Enrolment
Ratio (GER) in schools and colleges – Measure and recent data - Student welfare schemes – Recent
schemes for education - Linkage between education and social development; Poverty and
Unemployment: Unemployment issues in Tamil Nadu - State Government poverty alleviation schemes
and employment generation schemes; Labour migration; Population growth rate – Sex ratio – Density of
population – Causes for population growth - Population control programmes – Family planning and its
achievements; Child Labour issues; Health: Vital Statistics – Recent health schemes; Women
Empowerment: Domestic violence – Dowry problems – Sexual assault – Laws and awareness
programmes - Women welfare schemes - Self Help Groups; Marginalised Groups: Problems –
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes - Elderly – People with disability – Transgender – Religious
minorities – State Government welfare programmes to marginalised groups; Current Affairs.
Unit V: Geography of Tamil Nadu, Environment, Biodiversity and Disaster Management in Tamil
Nadu (15 Questions)
Geography: Location – Administrative units – Relief features – Major Rivers; Climate: temperature,
rainfall and monsoon; Soil: classification and distribution; Forests: classification, distribution, wildlife and
birds sanctuaries, forest products; Livestock: cattle and dairying; Fishing: freshwater and saline water
fishing; Irrigation: types and distribution of canal, tank and well irrigation, watershed and minor irrigation
projects; Minerals: distribution and production of iron ore and bauxite; Power Resources: coal and
petroleum; Industries: iron and steel, textiles, cement, automobile, sugarcane and cotton industries;
Transport: road, railway, air and sea transport; Environment: Environmental issues in Tamil Nadu –
pollution - air, water, soil, thermal, radioactive, noise; Natural resource types – renewable and non-
renewable energy resources; Biodiversity and Conservation: Definition, types - genetic, species and
ecosystem diversity – values - threats to biodiversity - habitat destruction, invasive species and
anthropogenic activities - climatic change and forest fire. Causes and consequences of species
extinction; Biodiversity conservation: in-situ and ex-situ - Biodiversity conservation strategies - State
Biodiversity action plan - Biodiversity hotspots in Tamil Nadu; Sustainable development - Sustainable
development goals and targets; Green energy - Paris Agreement and COP28; Disaster Management:
Overview of disasters - definitions and types. Natural calamities in Tamil Nadu; Anthropogenic disaster
- global warming and climate change issues in Tamil Nadu - Climate change governance - mitigations
and adaptations - State action plan for climate change; Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority
– Tamil Nadu Disaster Management Plan – Role of NGO and Civil society organisation in disaster
management and mitigation in Tamil Nadu; Current Affairs.
Combined Civil Services (Main) Examination – II (Group – II Services)
General Studies (Degree Standard) [300 marks] Code: 469
Unit I: Modern History of India with specific reference to Tamil Nadu (40 marks)
Advent of Europeans: The Portuguese, the Dutch, the English, the Danish and the French; Expansion
of British rule: Carnatic Wars; Early uprisings against British Rule: Revolt of Poligars, South Indian
Rebellion, Vellore Mutiny, Indian National Movements - Moderates, Extremists and Terrorist
Movements – Gandhian Era; Early stage of Freedom movement in Tamil Nadu – First voice for freedom
struggle from Tamil Nadu – Protests by Pulithevar, Veerapandya Kattabomman, Dheeran Chinnamalai,
Velunachiar, Kuyili and others; Role of Tamil Nadu in freedom struggle – V.O.Chidambaram,
Bharathiyar, V.V. Subramanian, Vanchinathan, Subramania Siva, T.S.S Rajan, Rajaji, Sathyamoorthy,
Kamaraj, Rukmani Lakshmi Pathi, Ambujammal and others; Types of freedom struggle – Sacrifices –
Magazines – Literature – Plays/Drama – Songs – Films etc.; Contribution of women in the freedom
struggle and social work: Dr Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar, Muvalur Ramamirtham, Cuddalore Anjalai
Ammal, Thillaiyadi Valliammai, and others; Impact of British Rule: Christian Missionaries, Development
of Education, Judiciary, Local Self Governance System, Police, Transport and Communication -
Disappearance of Indigenous Industries - Spread of Western Culture; Origin and Growth of “Social –
Justice” ideology, Socio- Religious Movements, Political Parties and Achievements.
Population Explosion: Fertility – Mortality – Migration – Morbidity – Census 2011 - Population control
programmes – National Population Policy 2000 – Family planning and its achievements; Health Care:
Poor sanitation – Rural and Urban disparities – Poor infrastructure – Insufficient health care delivery –
Role of Panchayat Raj and Urban Development Agencies – Health policy in India – Health care
programmes in India; Child Labour and Child Abuse: Child Education – School Dropouts – Gender
disparities – Initiatives to eliminate Child Labour in India – Media and enhanced vulnerability – Laws to
protect child abuse and welfare schemes; Women Empowerment: Domestic violence – Dowry
problems – Sexual assault – Eve teasing – Kidnapping – Laws and awareness programmes – Role of
Government and NGOs in women empowerment – Welfare schemes; Marginalised Groups: Problems
– Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes – Elderly – People with disability – Transgender - Religious
minorities – Central and State Government welfare programmes to marginalised groups. Social
Changes: Urbanization - Modernization – Globalization – Policy, Planning and Programmes in India –
Impact of Violence on Society – Religious Violence – Terrorism and Communal Violence – Causes and
Remedies; Current Affairs.
Unit IV: Science and Technology in Development (40 marks)
Robotics and Applications; Atomic and Nuclear Physics – Applications of nuclear energy; Diodes and
Transistors and their Applications; Broadcasting Technology; Electrochemical cells - Types of
electrodes – Batteries - Lithium-ion Battery; Fuels: Gaseous fuels – LPG, Natural gas and water gas;
Polymers: Thermoplastics and Thermosetting plastics, PVC, PET, Nylon 66, Teflon; Medicinal
Chemistry: Analgesics - Paracetamol and Aspirin, Antibiotics - Penicillin and Chloromycetin;
Biotechnology: Applications of Biotechnology – Plant Genetic Engineering – concepts - transgenic
plants, edible vaccines, Terminator Gene technology, BT Cotton, Golden rice, Flavr Savr tomato, Social
and ecological impact of genetically modified crops - Biotechnological methods for crop improvement -
Application of plant tissue culture in Forestry, Horticulture - Recombinant DNA Technology – DNA
cloning - DNA fingerprinting – applications of PCR and ELISA in disease diagnosis – hybridoma
techniques in the production of Mono Clonal Antibodies (MCA) – Animal cell culture techniques – stem
cells and its applications; Applications of GIS; Nanotechnology – Fundamentals – Applications - Nano
Fertilizer, Nano Pesticides, Green Nanotechnology and Nano-farming; Advanced reproductive
techniques: In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) – Intra–Uterine Insemination (IUI) – Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm
Injection (ICSI) – Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) – cryopreservation of sperm; Components of
Computer – Computer Organization and Architecture – System Software and Application Software –
Data Communication Networks – Cryptography – Computer Graphics and Multimedia – Mobile
Computing and Communication – Web Technology and applications – E-Commerce – Cloud
Computing Architecture – IOT – Artificial Intelligence Applications – Machine learning - Cyber Security
– Biometrics – Blockchain Technology; Current Affairs.
Unit V: Constitution, Polity and Governance in India with specific reference to Tamil Nadu (60
marks)
Constitution of India: Preamble and Philosophical features – Salient features and Sources – Union,
States and Union Territories - Citizenship - Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Directive
Principles of State Policy; Union Executive: President, Vice-President, Prime Minister and Council of
Ministers – Cabinet – Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) – Parliament Committees – Major
Constitutional Amendments; State Government: Chief Minister and Council of Ministers – Tamil Nadu
Legislative Assembly: Structure, Powers and Functions; Local Governments: Three-tier system - 73 rd
and 74th Constitutional Amendments - Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act 1994 – Grama Sabha – Working of
PRIs in Tamil Nadu – District Collector’s role in Development Administration; Dynamics of Indian
Federalism: Centre-State relations: Administrative, Legislative, Financial – Issues and Challenges;
Judiciary in India: Supreme Court, High Courts, District Courts – Subordinate Courts (Structure and
Functions) – Judicial Review - Judicial Activism – Public Interest Litigation; Electoral System in India –
Election Commission (Constitutional Provisions, Composition, powers and functions); Party system in
India: Regional and National political parties in India and Tamil Nadu; Integrity in Indian Polity:
Corruption in Politics – Anti-Corruption measures: Lokpal and Lok Ayukta – Central Vigilance
Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General of India - Central Bureau of Investigation - Enforcement
Directorate - Right to Information – Right to Services – Consumers’ Rights – Consumer Protection Act
2019 – Human Rights Act 1993 – National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights
Commission - Social Audit – Citizen’s Charter; Political parties in Tamil Nadu: Regional and National
Parties – Welfare schemes and measures of successive Governments in Tamil Nadu after 1947 –
Reservation and Language policy in Tamil Nadu – Impact of welfare schemes and measures in the
socio-economic development of Tamil Nadu; Education and Health Administrative Structure in Tamil
Nadu: Evolution – Achievements of Tamil Nadu in various fields: Education, Health, Industrial,
Information Technology, Agriculture, Women and Marginalised Groups; E-governance and Mobile–
governance initiatives in Tamil Nadu – Public Service Delivery through e-governance. TNeGA – e-
Service Centres; Problems in Public Service delivery in Tamil Nadu; Current Affairs.
Unit VI: Geography of India, Environment, Biodiversity and Disaster Management in India with
specific reference to Tamil Nadu (40 marks)
Geographical Location – Physical units – River system – Climate – Soil – Natural vegetation –
Agriculture crops – Livestock – Fisheries; Irrigation – Multipurpose Projects; Minerals: iron ore,
manganese, copper, bauxite, gold, silver, mica, coal, petroleum and natural Gas; Energy Resources:
hydel, thermal, nuclear, wind, tidal and solar; Industries: textile, jute, sugar, cement, iron and steel,
automobile and shipbuilding; Transport: road, railway, water and air; Environment - Global and national
environmental issues – pollution - air, water, soil, thermal, radioactive, noise, electronic and solid
wastes - Management of municipal solid wastes and bio-medical wastes; Biodiversity and
Conservation: Definition, types - genetic, species and ecosystem diversity - values - threats to
biodiversity - habitat destruction, invasive species and anthropogenic activities - climatic change and
wildfire; Causes and consequences of species extinction; Biodiversity conservation: in-situ and ex-situ;
Biodiversity conservation strategies: international environmental governance - Biodiversity Act (BDA),
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES), and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF); Biodiversity hotspots of India;
Sustainable development – Sustainable development goals and targets - Clean and Green energy -
Paris Agreement and COP28; Disaster Management: Overview of disasters - definitions and types;
Introduction to disaster risk management framework; Natural calamities - Anthropogenic disasters -
global warming and climate change, industrial accidents; Climate change governance - mitigations and
adaptations; Role of space technology in disaster management, National action plan for climate change
- Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority – Tamil Nadu Disaster Management Plan – Role
of NGO and Civil society organisation in disaster management and mitigation in Tamil Nadu; Current
Affairs.
Unit VII: Indian Economy with specific reference to Tamil Nadu (40 marks)
Nature of Indian Economy: An assessment – Structure of Indian Economy - New Economic Policy:
Rationale – Components – Privatisation, Deregulation, Trade Liberalisation. Indian Economy since
1991 Reforms (Overview only) - Sources of Revenue: Revenue Receipts – Capital Receipts – Revenue
Expenditure – Capital Expenditure; Reserve Bank of India: Functions, Monetary Policy – Components
- Fiscal Policy: Fiscal reforms – Fiscal Responsibility and Budgetary Management (FRBM) Act -
Finance Commission: Revenue sharing between Union and State Governments – Recommendations
of recent Finance Commission; Agricultural and Rural Development: Land Reforms – Rural Credit,
Modern Farming Technics and Marketing - e-NAM (electronic – National Agricultural Marketing) – Price
Policy – M.S. Swaminathan Commission’s Recommendations - Subsidies – Commercialisation and
Diversification of Agriculture – Rural Development Programmes – Poverty Alleviation Programmes –
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS); Labour: Employment – Types – Sectoral
Distribution – Labour Welfare Measures – Recent Indian Employment Report of International Labour
Organisation (ILO) (Overview only); Poverty and Human Development: Estimates of Inequality and
Poverty alleviation measures – Human Development Index (HDI), Gender Development Index (GDI),
Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) and Happiness Index (HI); Foreign trade: Composition,
Direction and Organisation of Trade – Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) - Balance of Trade – Balance of
Payment – External Debt; Current Affairs.