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BCS405A Module 4

BCS405A M4 NOTES

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2K views53 pages

BCS405A Module 4

BCS405A M4 NOTES

Uploaded by

vinuthahallur818
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Subject: Discrete Mathematical Structures Subject Code: BCS405A Semester: 4th Scheme: 2022 Module-4: The Principal of Inclusion & Exclusion Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion Derangements Rook Polynomials First-order Recurrence Relations ) Second-order Homogeneous Recurrence Relations with Constant Coefficients website: vtucode.in ] . Principts of Coorkigy Do c| Real 1) \no®l = lal+ley— laaal IAL = is ie et oa) RnB = ROT , ond Javwl = Isi- Weel a) |B oe\ = lava) = Isl-lnvel \avel = Is}— ini lel+lao8l 2 fa © BS GCtled ta addiction PHaiple (or) Princzp le of Inclusion — excliution for > Sets - Principle Sk Trclusiay — Sxetetion bre 8 EN fe - ‘an we Subeath ofS) kk GS don _ \s\ | DD ann rel Jay VA 0 ~, UA = 2 bel+ S Moa | — SIN OA geass Che ROP TY: - ~ Aan| * oO eet Mapetonhy, “2 So! of the mw a amen ta § “a cond (oemen) ue gen boy | mt _ wy 9 sy emit m= (HE + ( A) Sate Foo + Re | . S) The 0 ho tamerts fo & thak Sabtaly atleast ot ) 2) ~~ te “A tnd (12M 24) % geen by a-m 1) \ . tm = sm -(,) gas + (EY) ete +e ie &, sy = Dail. ') lak 8 = Sl, ro AZO A ST) ena) , a, 2 Dla A «| Soe [Mroban... OMe f than @ becomes [RO ALO... OWn| = & —S;t+Sam--> H-AdSq, | Scanned by CamScanner Probes :- 1) Among The Avadenty f9 & hostel, 1% Abudants Shady be ye y do thadey physics (a) , 20 Shudy chernistey Ce) 8 Btudy biology yy then one § Students oy A & By 4 biology Co) + how aa ( Aer A eye AERA OER DO a ial “there Ore 3 AHwealt fh” ALB & Cc, a pr 008 & Ds 2 je @,c & DL 3 Roath tho 2 sro Study ut br sc te Die Realy, TEN canary ay Hate, of Heoe subjedts, Rad fee Tyoted no ot Shustenkt Topas hostel . Reln by deka, cia, Ila 20, lel= 20 lnlae lAndle s, lac] =, lane) =u, leacl= le, eopl=y lcndja 3a, JAnencl=3, fan®ad|=2 sl encorja2 [Ancaplea, IAneacenol/=2, BoB pend] er: qo find Is], wore Di ask of at Atdantt To Ae hostel - -|Roevcun| \s|— |Ave ucub| is] — [tei led leit iol) + [tenel giancl + lanel + le nc| +180 01+ \cnal] = [1Ane oc} +1aneool +(encad| + iancn ol | i" 0 + [Anencad| > H = Isl _[iasac tae 48) 4 [6 -tatute+uae ] x (aras2+3) 4a =) IS] = 1e0 =p ted Be tao. A shidects tr tre hostel og Scanned by CamScanner 8) @ se abow axonaple , among Yael the Subject fing bee GQ) mony Study G) exactly ene SabjeCe GE) tacky 2 Aulige ct Aes exactly 3 Auk feces (tv) ables 1 Subject Cy) otloshy 2 Subpets (4) otltat dub ge cks Solar wrt Em = pm (a 2 ta (n+) Sma + (42) Sota q. 4 1) ( N09, ® Le “en! reus ovk of of is Soe nw of Aladanka stealging exactly ‘an’ AvbjeUs ork ah = ; : yr (a) sn = a eee + (28) sna q+ + is the ne ot Ataded Atrdyloy allaast ‘on! subjeus Lee | we bow Sez Ishetor. ye Lal Hel tet lol= Ge laa a)+fenc} + lendl-+lan ol-+ len alt acl = 29 nn Bacl + lan Bad| + AAC ADI +Ie acoel sye [Ane oe d] 22 So. 83 0 = \o Mme = - (3) s.+(9 s,4(5) 54 = 6O—2%34 + BxLO-UXD Beh GO Fre & = (2)s3+(4)su = 39-a8xlo 6x2 = 91 i) Eg = $3 - (4) sy = bb 4x2 = 2 tw) Ly = si— (4) 82 +(3)% -(3sq =Gewkeqlo= 2 = 59 ® Ges (a+) = mo of Bo Bbacasts in a hostel, Economia 1 6 Atahag wogiaty « ahd ou thee Aub jects « IS shady HHstry, § Ady Te te Frown Het 3 Atwdonht Show that Hur one t or more Rhderkd oho Akady sone & the Sobjecks - PT.0- Scanned by CamScanner Solo '- WSL e no of Shida In tte hott = 20 - ° hak A,B,C MP vdrent Beh, Preudigieg hictory , Economia % Geogrpy wet. en In) oc tS, |e) = 8, I= 6, Innenc| = 2 oa toe [Rabon] = Isl—-(Lisitientia) + {lane} +leocl +iancl) — \aneodc| =) (RaB nc\ = Be— (istetd) +(1Anel sland tancl)-2 = |aob)+lencl + fancd ~2 wer lanel >» lanbacl) , lencl > \ free Jaac\ x» io aac| . lRab atl » 3 laneac| —-2 £3x3-2=+4- H) Determine We ae of posite tntagns kat pene too Such tha fo) Oo ww not divicitle by 2,3 oF s. GO otlaask uo ot «2 OS AR zy disco ory cat) Neacty ok 2,8 HS. i S- {1,2,3... teh -- \s\ cleo.) So =100 sa WEE, wie ss Shstule by > ®-— 4 eee a ae o & (yw fad ROB nel & LAvBUC| Or [Al me dawatts fn 8 ek dmb bY 2 Sie LE} = 60 ws le) = ps a = (33.33) = 33 | lel = Jis2| = as | | = LAL +1e\4iel = Sp423429 =103 | Scanned by CamScanner @oe) a nel \n acl jan el So = IWHO+G = 3% | Aoeac| = A tests tn § davisitle, x os 2,4,5 (G Len = 202) = | ve 22] « a & \AnEne\ = Is} ‘neaates) oe ape) ‘_ — \anenc| ie . 2 = too — (Sb 433420) +(le +0 +6) —3 = 26 2 No ot taagus 1S ns Zoo , wt duisibl by omg 2,2 or 8 a ac. \ fo Sy = lalt+|Bl ale] = Wet sy = \ane|+ fenc| + lanel 83 = lananc{ =2- a Cry No, oF fategers bls | 800 divisible. by atleast cue of S68 & WY => (3) s+(3) 83 = ys 2742 = QO ce) Bo tntegeas datsible by none & 568 8 \R 0B oe \s\ — S\ + S2 —S3 = S00 -\yS-f29-2 = WO wed) inteaprss divigtbl. bYy exactly two ff 5, 6,8 ts B= &-(3) 8 = 29-ax> = 28 WW ve tt eke gene Aksible by atleast hoo S2-(2)s3= 29~ 2x2 = = 2s, i Woo wory wos 5 oo F a $)6,8 4 le = ow ,y md wee 8S £ A CA Ga be enexped wo thet a taenkicat lekltrs On not ine Singh block 2 Peltogetor, thas Oe yw ow bu, Sein: - Inieteers , in cohich Bone al, Bo ca Scanned by CamScanner Le S be te Ate SF OM avrorgemcn of the [2 tillert . [ Is) = V8 s 4} ‘* 2 + A20 ms sluy3b ne ee avvongements fn oui ~ A . 7 Single blodle ge cg wk oO in ie Rance) bbbb cco & IAi\ = 8b == oso. ” Ybaby : a te ot tp ts wt Us) oo hk wop Ah arranging ln oO are toaetlur & |wole 4h, = Soy SLwah eS ee gag ty ole OM ral = ad # woe FTES a iol to a Wal = Se = Bee awe shuyih . . rey ott B aa alco | Ntal = & ta _* ‘ G ou yh bs ow 8 i aasacn bbbb Cec eae —— & fmnaals bo = 20 ” " ih ab : aacae bEbh CSE nie [oa 0 pail CMD yo mo Sub exon, OH ae Lar O83 \ = _Sb _ = a — " Way aQoan bebb ccc ond Ian A203) = 8} = 6 Ko A 2 ws pRB ate nFal = Ist [laitina) titel Ja [lan te) + leofal + {moral )— fro tan 4a) = 29420 — [280+ 504 +1260 + [porua+a0) =i = 2S46> —S—= Do oh thu, ath Scanned by CamScanner FD) Rat tr 29 of Premubakons : ot letkews aAyb,c.. . KEY, 2 Oi ln White wone of de Potheary spin, aoe ) poke or nk eceung - Solot— Isl = 26] lei) = 92 aR pawmokations Cork aining He " fate vere ie #8 | spt 2208s . seis ee _ ceed tI 2S [iol 2 22 ch Pernekoons ceakaining te Potten " Aeers = Geet = 29h ws Mal <= 23h jayl = Gears = 4h . BPN Game- ol dustin’ 5 = = 2 “ee ey 0 ta) = (eee \ SS. lh og) 2 0 (75 wo petstm con corks , Spin & parn)—P repented a ptlern Ain i werd Spin, p ts net ak end iy aay| = (26-6) 41} = 3h & Gonck be meabe — Sa — > SPU eT Th To [Panel = © , lA2Ohyl =o , Hantal=o. [rn Aanaglso, lar nagaryl=o , Jay on 430 fal =o [mora Ag) = 0 Jan aanag nhl = 9. Rey as. - | Ronn g0hy| a) Ry 082 OF 0 By, | : Vel — {e Lest | + [ Z1%9 asl |— [Zao ngoie +. ¥[toArn agnty aol, - (2a, 4% 221) + (204 +211) = O26 ‘mio? w = BP Rnd We we ak pawmubotsons of Me chigals An wlth the locks \ Hrough 4 we SH, Yos de wok APPR - B) 36) Fe, GA do wot oppret | 9? Scanned by CamScanner So@ a) Is! as perm cbabions st te Sots [tv 4 & Isk= al lalec A parmekabons gf Ito Fd fuck ot 23 W (Pret) Conkatncd Mw ok > eee = 8 i ww A Vast lao| = GQ = 8 lag) = Gas] = wh os Lay nda\ = Gp, = 4 7 ay) Jay oas) = Gea} = 6 lan gas) = @=sFot = cl Jr daa As) = GOH Ss] 28,547 HOS mo Ve KOM ar Reg se = lB oF RI : = Isl [x tan} Lo vo agi) — IRON I = a, - Corestaaye Gyrerscl) — Sh = 2rasco. ——— 5) lel= a4 Lalede fe pernwkokend tute tink 96S 3 2 Gah Fl o> Geert = leo) = Geert: aL lana) = Get = 7] ac, 642 > Coenee ‘ Jay ofa) = ¢ 2 | a2 4B, 632 IArnas) = o. pas [er Aa naa) =o ths Reg we = TAY NA2 VAS a, — (2xap4ar)+ (saet 6b) = 282,960 ———- Scanned by CamScanner q) Jo how mony Bays Sn 2G leelert ct erglth olplebak

b) exacly 3 & ©) otttort 3 of goktturS cAR, DOG, PON &| BYTE occimst. Selo i- \s\ = 26) lee fh, Bo, Ba, fy be sa oh Permutobions conkaining SU potkeame = CAR, OOM, fen, BITE ahove Tee: CAR lel = GeRRINF = 24h VRS as ateay We) = aul \eal = 24h lay) = eer} = 23) Janna) = Gercrspp = 4b VAY Be LAAs] = O6=6+2}} = aol [aore) = Geo} = ah cae OE Un WwW Lerotsl = @6=e+4 = rh [ar oty) = Geese = 2th ag acy) = @e—a+a] aol mana fal = estat = ash cae,Ded PON __ [roaa o Ay) aS ie Ty 2 1 = @eatetst = tah Lag. A390 Ag] =(aetop2>4 < 10 [ao 0 Aaa y) = Corer = 19) gale naam Azo Ag) = (2e—WBtH)4 = Ib 0 Rey no = [Rona VAR U RG] = Fi nin 8 Aa o Aa | SS La = ( ovay 2a) 4 funsat vena] tenn eee mt = Yo Kier” Ce) Em = Sn — (81) Sy + (22) Sera Fe me eet) (ax224 sanail )— ax (soyeaniah) + ent \ 3.514 KIO"! " y acai Scanned by CamScanner Gay & ® Ess Sy ae = (20) Vda) te i, (b) = Ao xiol® ‘ = Breall “oot \ Gv) Lan = Sm Sr + (8) saa “y Lag=x Sy -— 3s 83 (3) Sy = awAL-+ teh > aati = 2.493 x08 owe Can cervonye fhe Parthing try Mba bees Ws) Ba how mony eye 9 Co RRE SPonsDE STS ao khok G) there & pats gf consecative pdontted Githiny qa) Ten oOo exactly = 2 pains oh contacting fbn diol Ay 5b ot ci) ou A So. o& | ” | Selsi- WSL = uy “2 Quan werd hos 1 & aM ayataialal 2 6 ee "i lefty, 3, Aw, NS te ta Heh St Peanrutationn , tof thes 2 comsecutve = . "os ) Ba, nace ep ptanaie pen sat + l oO 4 al = \ts). Ke tr lal = 12h = \Aq) Ty ON |as aay) = i oe oe ie [ps \ See 1c, ABA a n'y Jao 4) AAR) = UL een ss 0, &R, BE ey om =z Se ye en aoe lan AA RO fel = ah = —> gb oe, atte % (2) ~— wy apes SDs Jaca AL Awa ANAT = ah 5 Se REEVE “any = V7 yo) {bE é isl Aut, ay ’ s = O5.% 12h a) x 1h sy? > ert’ $3 = Sc, x Mh s 5 tol S, ae . = 4 (y=? 4 sa * Toy , 855 tg ( Scanned by CamScanner \ ” JA Ora UAE OMy, v Ag] = |* NANA 9 Ay 9 Ay | @ Se = \el — 5, + Sa— 83 + Sy-Se = Mat S% 131 torr at ~ —lox tb \ (a1 (24)4 7 eo tay +Sxel -7) = p86 046420 Gt) EL = Sa- (3) 83 + (3) s,- (S)ss = Voy t2b = S4ORU exile _ ef C2478 Ty al 2 aSplwApec Ge) ta = 8a- (3) 4 +(D so = tox — 8x5xIo4 Gy a aac Mab = AMWAS 3280 fo \) 30 wow many ometh Con thw tebngpan, 1,23...10 ke arrest ; : Pf o Mew Softhak nesta tel te tm ats potas PLA Sehr. toh Wt tel CF permutabions) Sola t~ legis - set Gh AK permutation oh the gra tabagers , ole au tae ik mabvol place . : ro, big wate, ey SE RE ae Py Woe Be Sek of «att purmetabont | & so on: Ria MaAs 9 Ay 0 *s | co fad | ‘ * 3 pose em ba bg by---- biol, . ° the porm wir akiont Yn AY ane at ad aa tune bibgby-. bre S & pear utakioa 2% wo “<< @ ; & ey = a : @ a wd La) = [Ral = Ifyl = Fast = 95 ad Scanned by CamScanner @~ spe ZlUAMl= Bxah.@) Sex Sue pesmutation io fr A Az We atl st tae fore ) ~ br bab bebe. bio , Shee bpba bs bee bie & ~ feamukation st 1,3,5,6.-. 10 - oo Lar Aa] = BY ® © -— WS papa agh = Sho vi: ot S = DTIMAAN] = Sc, * FL Hee S35 Segx tL 5 Sy = Scyr bh 4 es = Se5* Sl vo Rey se = | Ain An Fyn Fy 9 As] = & —8+Sa.— 53+ Sy - Ss = tol —SxIL + Sa xt — Seg Xk + Sey 2G ~ Sees} = 210,680 12) Find te 22 A none negative Feckager Solubeny ot He &E Kyra tra tay = 18, Vndes un orl re te oey FEA At: Sin t- Lek Sy He Ee SE ck adn —nagakve fnkigsr Solubtens of due gin GD The no oh such Solubtoy & CCrtte—1, 18) = Fist Gat Wed. > So = 1330 lee Aye eubsek of § 4 tek Contarns ron negative integer cols of The gf nclag thre Cond™ AW yA We%/O, KBW® MUO Ae f (tr, Ty) ES | «> +} aye ANT Ar = { Causa, he, Ay) es] ka ray Aye tye { Cu, %, wes] 77} Law & Ay = ¥ Ca, 0, a, xy) es | xy] . Lees Scanned by CamScanner w dod [HUT VR vm | kt oy, = By Hen ay YA wr) Ae Hy S179 a UY AA Aa-rRYy HIS Geen aes YAR 4 Art 1g $%y = 1S SD yt ta 4ty ey = 10> wo ot non~negotur Tkeges Solos of ter c(yto-t,10) = ¢(13,10) = Ini). wed [aa) = bes) = ly) = f13,10) _f ve Sy te, x BIH) = 4x (13,10) 2 fey | ae yg =H=H-F, Yr axa—-By then M7 BWW & 274 =) W279. 3 Ay tte tia +%y = 18 Leeco mtd GABE. FE 4 AZAR = 1 ]Y) gat +4 = 2 No ah non negadite takagts sole of thir & = C(H424,2) = 05,2) = [total = l Aan Aa) = Jaa Oey] = lain tal = = IMa Ay) = Ita fy) | “. So ze Ne Vain al = 6% re 2) => Sa=Ge Leno fte O Aa | = wo. ft “nkegee ora ot Khe SQ CIT 477) AVE, , ag 72, Buk dit G& wok posible Since He Som Ww te. oo [mAtanasl so = lay naan ty) = Jar nfa a Ay) = (Aro Ag nary) = ° > (Sa=0 Also laafan 430 44| = 0- => (su= 2] Reg nec] HOR OAR AY] = so—SitSa — 83 tS TRIE Ta ayy 2 ewe a Scanned by CamScanner JAP Aint Ba we of Ita ges Solutions ok tte fo @ ty Wt. +4, = 20 Such Hock 224H¢S, ye Arf 45 —24£%3 449° Solax- bk Y, = W-2, Yr Aa 4, Ya = Aste Aen irre, Ya we, AYare- Yyt24+Yyaty +4377 = 20 Yi ta tg = le. Gian Ee beconres Ike |S) = me t nen maga feck get solubont of tw Gp Yetetyy ste. Be FH cual Gols (ate VI) = c(i, 16) ye | \s\ = €(18,16) | 2 yen MES | lb m= § Gande48) | wiz2y & ¥,<3- pa = Slav, 93) | 73 i " WY olen AVE V3 43 = fun va4s) | a3 ow} Len ty 2% Yee 43 Ae ae ZS OTH then 270 ®r a 73 Cor > 4) ui aatels, Sek Ee =I zy4y+Y4o74a = 16 Sy Zita Ma 2 inte ois of Zeta tgs te cCa424, 2) ee c (ui) = = } yar = ctu) = \no) ‘| : at 4a ru: fae 23 = Ya —!> , Wao zaz7o | Y becomes Yy +427 Agate Z. ay FDA, =I Qatva +23 = 4 pon magabive tebtogx Goins ok Met Za= 4 * c(stutu)= © C64) 2 J imals Co) | Scanned by CamScanner a i IM aa2)= 4s wo of nen negating indager Solr of the wry mty t+ Ze t+ ytyg = lb Ztztts = ¥ = (348-1, 8) = clo, 3 eee Java 3) no SE none Te Ink Sols Ah ty t+ Zale Loads) = 2 = & yrzrt%3 = O° = ¢(ato-1, 0) = c(2,0) — Jano Aal = no tan te ink Sol st ty jt Zar 4s 2a Haale - a Opt Za 2a = © = c(2,e). lar Aa O Ka) = 2 nen ee ink Sole ot te & ween - SpAYoAR HIG wore wi72, 427% 3 uw le. Buk te tw not pottttle » Since Ree Suen Reguisd wo = [a9 Aa 0 Fal . = On ” : me | See ZL ten apotel am S| — 2, Wee — [24 Mey + bey} + Lee + 2% ce | = 8. Scanned by CamScanner +B how mange OOH Con One chirdyibube 1c heiliack prizes XX oon 4 abadentt —coiths fa) exactly 2 Atudonks ghheg Roling (CH) cotleart a atactonty opting ne ltsiey BOS 0 Ey ond by Sela }- we haw to tind we he ey Sa-(Da (ser 0 &.- (7) 2 +(?) Sy oF... + ® bate Ay, Ar, Ag, Ae LW = toe & Awol Zh =a which 10 Aictindk = pHzed OAD fo be Atty b uted - & Se Hea % Jara asl pote AN AGS oe HO A awhitubing to distack prized onmey ly Abudurts 4° forok 2 Atrdecte get watering = ne of way & ditibubiny 10 ciskiack prize, omen 2 Sd) . Prize} — 2 Absde 2: P22 — 1 N= - ‘ 2 i Prize lo —> thd 2H z Sateb= 2K2K-. KD haces Reo S, 2 He, 4 Jara ag aan] = 2!0 ae Haetiadkl = ae of oD of aistibubby to dé shiack prizet Omer 4 Akudaatt » Ao drat 3 Aude Sie s = wo t wo ot dishibutieg © dishack Pwr emery | Shu oa ° 10 Tray t 2 [83 = tegx! <4 7s 4 win tee Sy, Sc-.. OT al Anos: o%*O@ > E, = GIy — 274 =? Scanned by CamScanner Beevongemantt S--A permutaten of in! ebjedt ta lad @ wone of tha object fs iq i notot plac (original place) TS Cates davergemant . : EXees- Permukakion Gt ‘ni disteck object pmB.- fo na sige ve we ta Ba 1 plete, 2 te mele tn ee pet ta tee Ot plan ts & derangement - co gretinek olprecte “he no af Th potthle dareqements ot"? aastinck obje flac... A who ABS UW derotcd by da ond 4 Been by Mee pe Cs - | rpebe the 0. 36486) tobl a List alt da ety REN oe ol i morgen SSS f+ a] e Sélynt- dy = HI +3 +4], ee mLY = kyx eveet +5, = aux (i2=utl) ay dy = 9 Te davonpemad ode! 2 & y 1 3 4 1d yu) 23 2 yw 13 a 4y 2) yu 3 1 > 2 1 yd Boy ye y sat ed Scanned by CamScanner 2) How mony an om thie for 2 1,24 4,5@ wee sees peed a cet bed = (20% (Ge- 2045-1) 120 = Wy: a) Zh Wow mony Sous CXL Can ovvony, He nO 1,243... 10 Ao Mak 1G wot thy (St Pla, 2 net in ard plece. lo is net in le place 7 \ fn dee toh Iho ih = lol XT 2 4g) as, 036 CG wen e@ ic + ay t Ae le = = i + Zaeree = 0.2644) K) Lust 0) davenprnents oF pole 152, )4,S,6 shew (erst B wola ome 1,2,3 In Some order Co lgac. E St devonyrend Be 1,203 In Some ewan & ds. fi et no tk Use, dg, i y 5 Bowots cu 1,23 tm Some dr ie daxda = da’ =2=4 2 a \ Ss 3 \ a S a 3 ! 6 3 \ 2 = Scanned by CamScanner

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