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Python Notes (Fundamental of Python)

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13 views

Python Notes (Fundamental of Python)

Yo python notes here

Uploaded by

rajatvishwakarmaop
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fundamentals of Python

Introduction to Python: Python is an easy-to-learn yet powerful object-


oriented programming language. It was developed by Guido Van Rassum in
February 1991. People use Python for Competitive Programming, Web
Development, and creating software.

Python Character Set: Character set is a set of valid character sets that a
language can recognize. Python has following character set.

Letter A to Z and a to z

Digits 0 to 9

Special characters +, *, :, ( ), [ ], { }, /, = etc.

Tokens: The smallest individual unit in a program is known as a Token.


Python has following tokens.

i. Keywords: A keyword is a word having special meaning reserved by


programming language.

For example int, for, while, if, else, with, break, continue etc.

ii. Identifiers: Identifiers are the tokens in Python that are used to name
entities like variables, functions, classes, etc. These are the user-defined
names.

Rules for Naming an Identifier

• An identifier have only letters, digits and special symbol underscore ( __


). It can not have any other character.

• An identifier must begin with a letter or _. The first letter of an identifier


cannot be a digit.
• Identifiers cannot be a keyword.

iii. Literal: Literal often to referred to as constant Values. Python allows


following types of literals.

1. Numeric Literal: It belongs to any numerical value like 56, 7.8, 18 etc.

Numeric literals are two types.

a. Integer Literal: Integer Literals are whole numbers without any fractional
part.

Ex. 12, 567, 89 etc.


b. Floating Point Literals: Floating Literals are also called Real literals are
numbers having fractional parts.

Ex. 15.67, 54.74, 89.0 etc.

2. String Literal: A string literal is a sequence of characters surrounded by


single, double or triple quotes.

String literals are two types.

a. Single-line string: Group of characters in single line surrounded by single


or double quotes.

Ex. “Python Language”, ‘Python Language’

b. Multi-line string: Group of characters in multi-line surrounded by triple


quotes.

Ex. ‘’’Python
Language’’

3. Boolean Literal: It is used to represent one of two values True or False.

4. Special Literal: The special literal None is use to indicate absence of value.

iv. Operator: Operators are tokens that trigger some computation / action
when applied to operands( Variable or Literals).

In Python following types of operators.

a. Arithmetic Operators

Symbol Example Result

+ (Addition) 7+5 12

- (Subtraction) 7–5 2

* (Multiplication) 7*2 14

/ (Division) 7/2 3.5

% (Remainder) 7%2 1

** (Exponent) 2 ** 3 (e.g. 2 * 2 * 2) 8

// (Floor Division) 7 // 2 3.0

b. Relational Operators

Symbol Example Result

> (Greater than) 7>4 True


< (Less than) 7<4 False

>= (Greater than equal) 12 >= 12 True

<= (Less than equal) 11 <= 15 True

== (Equal to) 12 == 17 False

!= (Not equal to) 12 != 17 True

c. Assignment Operators

Symbol Example Result

= (Assign values) a=5 Value of a is 5

+= (Add and assign) a += 5 (Same as a = a + 5) 5 increase in a

-= (Subtract and assign) a -= 5 (Same as a = a - 5) 5 decrease from a

Other operators are *=, /=, %=, **=, //=

d. Logical Operators

Symbol Example Result

and 7>5 and 12<9 False

or 7>5 or 12<9 True

not not (7 > 10) True

e. Membership Operators

Symbol Example Result

in 4 in (5. 8, 9) False

not in 4 not in (5, 8, 9) True

f. Identify Operators: is and not is

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