Redox Reactions 95

6 Redox Reactions
QUICK LOOK
Ionic equations: When the reactants and products involved
in a chemical change are ionic compounds, these will be
Redox Reaction: Redox reactions may be regarded as electron present in the form of ions in the solution. The chemical

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transfer reactions in which the electrons are transferred from change is written in ionic forms in chemical equation, it is
one reactant to the other. As the result substance which losses termed as ionic equation.

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electrons is called a reducing agent or reducctant while another Example
which accepts the electrons is called an oxidizaing agent or
MnO2 + 4H + + 4Cl− 
→ Mn 2+ + 2Cl− + 2H 2O + Cl2
oxidant.
Oxidation In above example the reactants and products have been written

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in ionic forms, thus the equation is termed as ionic equation.
Zn (s) + 2H + (aq) 
→ Zn 2 + (aq) + H 2 (g)

Spectator ions: In ionic equations, the ions which do not
(Reducing agent)
undergo any change and equal in number in both reactants

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Oxidation and products are termed as spectator ions and are not
included in the final balanced equations.
Al + Fe 2 O 3  
→ Al 2 O 3 + 2Fe
(Reducing agent) (Reducing agent) Example
Reduction Zn + 2H + + 2Cl − 
→ Zn 2+ + H 2 + 2Cl − (Ionic equation)
m
Zn + 2H + 
→ Zn 2+ + H 2 (Final ionic equation)
Types of Redox Reaction −
In above example, the Cl ions are the spectator ions and

Direct redox reaction: The reactions in which oxidation
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hence are not included in the final ionic balanced equation.

and reduction takes place in the same vessel are called
direct redox reactions.
Redox Titrations: These involve the titration of an oxidizing

Indirect redox reaction: The reactions in which oxidation
agent against a reducing agent or vice-versa.
and reduction takes place in different vessels are called

The most important fact for solving the problems of redox
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indirect redox reactions. Indirect redox reactions are the

changes is to evaluate equivalent weight of redox correctly
basis of electro-chemical cells.
using the formula: Eq. wt. of reductant or oxidant
e_

Intermolecular redox reactions: In which one substance is

Mol. weight of reductant or oxidant
oxidised while the other is reduced. =
No. of electrons lost or gained by one molecule
For example, 2 A l + Fe 2 O 3  
→ A l 2 O 3 + 2 Fe

Calculate the Meq. of desired substance and then calculate
Here, Al is oxidised to Al 2 O 3 while Fe 2 O 3 is reduced to Fe.
Wt.
its weight by: Meq. = × 1000. This equation gives
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Intramolecular redox reactions: In which one element of Eq. wt.

a compound is oxidised while the other is reduced.
weight of substance whose Eq. wt. is substituted.
For example, 2 K C lO 3  ∆→ 2 K C l + 3 O 2

Be careful in deciding equivalent weights. First write redox
Here, Cl +5 in KClO3 is reduced to C l − 1 in KCl while O 2 − in change for each and then derive no. of electrons lost or
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KClO3 is oxidised to O02 . gained by one molecule of reductant or oxidant.

Molecular equations: When the reactants and products
In case balanced equation is given, it is always advised to
involved in a chemical change are written in molecular proceed with mole concept to avoid complications in
forms in the chemical equation, it is termed as molecular equivalent weight determination.
equation.
Note: Sometimes a reaction is slow to go to completion and a
For example, M nO 2 + 4 H C l  
→ M nC l 2 + 2H 2 O + C l 2
sharp end point cannot be obtained.
In above example the reactants and products have been
written in molecular forms, thus the equation is termed as Indicators: The process of determining the strength of a
molecular equation. solution of an acid by titration against standard solution of

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96 Quick Revision NCERT - CHEMISTRY
alkali is called acidimetry. Similarly, the process of determing
Reductants are substances which:
the strength of an alkali by titrating it against a standard acid (a) reduce other
solution is called alkalimetry. Titration of a weak acid (b) are oxidized themselves
H 3 PO 4 with NaOH can be made in different stages using (c) show de-electronation
different indicators as: (d) show an increase in oxidation no. during a redox change
(e) has lower oxidation no. in a conjugate pair of redox.
Step (i): Bromocresol green an indicator is used for neutralization

A redox change is one in which a reductant is oxidized to
of H 3 PO 4 upto H 2 PO −4

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liberate electrons, which are then used up by an oxidant to
Step (ii): Thymophthalein is used for neutralization of H 3 PO 4 upto get itself reduced.

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HPO 24 − . → M 2+ n + ne
M1  Oxidation
M 2+ n + ne 
→ M2 Reduction
Note

Saponification value: It is the amount of KOH in mg 2 
M1 + M +n → M1+n +M 2 Redox reaction

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required to neutralize a fatty acid obtained by the hydrolysis
A redox change occurs simultaneously.
of 1 g of oil.

Trace concentrations are usually expressed in small units Oxidation Number

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such as parts per thousand (ppt), parts per million (ppm) or
Oxidation no. of an element in a particular compound
parts per billion (ppb). represents the no. of electrons lost or gained by an element
mass of solute (g) during its change from free-state into that compound.
ppt(w / w) = × 103
mass of sample (g) or Oxidation no. of an element in a particular compound
m
mass of solute (g) represents the extent of oxidation or reduction of an element
ppm(w / w) = × 106
mass of sample (g) during its change from free state into that compound.
mass of solute (g)
Oxidation no. is given positive sign if electrons are lost.
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ppb(w/w) = × 109 Oxidation no. is given negative sign if electrons are gained.
mass of sample (g)

Oxidation no. represents real change in case of ionic
mass of solute ( g )
Part per trillion = × 1012 compounds. However, in covalent compounds it represents
mass of sample ( g )
imaginary charge.
e

Loss of electrons (also known as de-electro-nation)

Oxidation-Reduction

Oxidation is a process which liberates electrons, i.e, de- −3 −2 −1 +1 +2 +3 +4
e_

−4 0
M M M M M M M M M
electro-nation.

Reduction is a process which gains electrons, i.e., electro- −e− −e− −e− −e− −e− −e− −e− −e− −e−

nation. Loss of electrons

Oxidation Reduction
→ H + + e−
(a) H0 
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(Formation of proton)
→ M + n + ne
M  M + n + ne 
→M
2− − −
(b) MnO 
→ MnO + e (De-electro-nation of MnO 24 −
A − n 
→ A + ne → A−n
A + ne  4 4

→ 2 Fe 3 + + 6 e −
(c) 2 Fe 0   (De-electro-nation of iron)
n 2 > n 1 M + n1  
→ M + n 2 + (n 2 − n 1 )e
M + n 2 + (n 2 − n 1 )e
Increase in oxidation number
→ M + n1

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→ M g 2+
(a) M g 0   (From 0 to +2)
n1 > n 2 A − n1 
→ − n2 − n1
A + (n1 − n 2 )e 
→A +2
(b) [Fe (CN) ]  4−
→ [Fe (CN)6 ] +3 3−
(From +2 to +3)
A − n2 + (n1 − n 2 )e
(c) 2 C l −  
→ C l 02 (From –1 to 0)

Oxidants are substance which
(a) oxidize other.
Rules of Deriving Oxidation Number: Following rules have
(b) are reduced themselves
been arbitrarily adopted to decide oxidation no. of elements on
(c) show electronation the basis of their periodic properties.
(d) show a decrease in oxidation no. during a redox change.
In uncombined state or free-state, oxidation no. of an element
(e) has higher oxidation no. in a conjugate pair of redox. is zero.

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Redox Reactions 97

In combined state oxidation no. of …… Gain of electrons
(a) …… F is always –1. (a) Zn 2+ (aq) + 2e− 
→ Zn(S) (Electronation of Zn 2+ )
(b) ……O is –2. In peroxides it is –1. However in F2 O it is +2.
(b) Pb 2+ + 2e − 
→ Pb 0 (Electronation of Pb 2+ )
(c) …… H is +1. In ionic hydrides it is –1. (i.e., IA, IIA and
(c) [Fe(CN)6 ]3− + e− 
→[Fe(CN)6 ]4−
IIIA metals)
(d) …… halogens as halide is always –1. (Electronation of [Fe(CN)6 ]3− )
(e) …… sulphur as sulphide is always –2.
Decrease in oxidation number

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(f) …… metals is always + ve. (a) Mg 2+ 
→ Mg 0 (From +2 to 0)
(g) …… alkali metals (i.e., I A group – Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs,
(b) [ Fe(CN)6 ] 
→ [ Fe(CN)6 ]
3− 4−
(From +3 to +2)

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Fr) is always +1.
−
(h) ……alkaline earth metals (i.e., II A group -Be, Mg, Ca, (c) Cl 
0
2→ 2Cl (From 0 to –1)
Sr, Ba, Ra) is always +2.

The algebraic sum of all the oxidation no. of elements in a Balancing of Redox Equations: Two methods are commonly

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compound is equal to zero, e.g., KMnO 4 . used for this purpose.

The algebraic sum of all the oxidation no. of elements in a
Ion Electrons Method: It involves three sets of rules depending
radical is equal to the net charge on the radical, e.g., CO3−2

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upon the nature of medium (i.e., neutral, acid or alkaline) in
Oxidation no. of C + 3 × (Oxidation no. of O) = −2 which reactions occurs.

Oxidation number can be zero, + ve, − ve (integer or
fraction) Neutral Medium

Maximum oxidation no. of an element is = Group no. e.g., H 2 C2 O4 + KMnO4 
→ CO 2 + K 2 O + MnO + H 2 O
m
(Except O and F) Step (i): Select the oxidant, reductant atoms and write their half
Minimum oxidation no. of an element is = Group no. –8 reactions, one representing oxidation and other reduction.
(Except metals) i.e., C+23 
→ 2C+4 + 2e , 5e + Mn +7 
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→ Mn +2
Step (ii): Balance the no. of electrons and add the two equations.
Oxidation State: It is defined as oxidation no. per atom. e.g.,
in KM nO 4 5C+23 
→10C+4 + 10e
Oxidation no. of Mn is + 7 10e + 2Mn +7 
→ 2Mn +2
e

Oxidation state of Mn is = Mn +7 5C+23 + 2Mn +7 

→10C+4 + 2Mn +2
Step (iii): Write complete molecule of the reductant and oxidant
e_

Reduction: Reduction is just reverse of oxidation. Reduction is a

from which respective redox atoms were obtained.
process which involves; removal of oxygen, addition of
hydrogen, removal of non-metal, addition of metal, decrease in 5H 2 + C2O4 + 2KMnO4 
→10CO2 + 2MnO
+ve valency, gain of electrons and decrease in oxidation number. Step (iv): Balance other atoms if any (except H and O). In

Removal of oxygen: CuO + C 
→ Cu + CO above example K is unbalanced, therefore,
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Addition of hydrogen: Cl2 + H 2 

→ 2HCl 5H 2C2O4 + 2KMnO4  →10CO2 + 2MnO + K 2O
(mentioned as product)

Removal of non-metal
Step (v): Balance O atom using H 2 O on desired side.
2HgCl2 + SnCl2 
→ Hg 2 Cl2 +SnCl4
5H 2 C2 O4 + 2KMnO4 
→
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Addition of metal: HgCl2 + Hg 

→ Hg 2 Cl2 10CO2 + 2MnO + K 2 O + 5H 2 O

Decrease in +ve valency
(a) Fe3+ 
→ Fe2 + (+ve valency decreases) Acidic Medium:
+

(b) [Fe(CN)6 ]3− 

→ [Fe(CN)6 ]4− (–ve valency increases) e.g., NO3− + H 2S 
H
→ HSO 4− + NH 4+ .

Gain of electrons (also known as electronation) Proceed like neutral medium for Step 1 to 4.
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 → N −3 , S−2 
Step (i): 8e + N +5  → S+6 + 8e
M M M M M M M M M
Step (ii): N +5 + S−2 
→ N −3 S +6
+e − +e − +e − +e − + e− +e − +e − + e− +e −
Step (iii): NO3− + H 2S 
→ NH 4+ + HSO4−

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98 Quick Revision NCERT - CHEMISTRY
Step (iv): No other atom (except H and O) is unbalanced and Step (iii): Balance charge by electrons.
thus, no need for this step. → 2IO3− + 12H + + 10e .
I 2 + 6H 2 O 
Step (v): Balance O atom: Balancing of O atoms is made by
This is balanced half reaction.
using H 2 O and H+ ions. Add desired molecules of H 2 O on the
Example
side deficient with O atom and double H+ on opposite side.
S2O3−2 
→ SO2 (Basic medium)
Therefore,
H 2O + NO3− + H 2S 
→ NH 4+ + HSO4− + 2H + Step (i): As above S2O3−2 
→ 2SO 2

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Step (vi): Balance charge by H + : Step (ii): Balance O atom by H 2 O and OH − as reported earlier
3H + + H 2 O + NO3− + H 2S 
→ NH +4 + HSO 4− + 2H + 2OH − + S2O3−2 
→ 2SO2 + H2 O

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∴ Finally balanced equation is, H + + H 2 O + NO3− + H 2S Step (iii): Balance charge by electron
→ NH +4 + HSO4−
 2OH − + S2 O3−2 
→ 2SO2 + H 2 O + 4e
This is balanced half reaction.

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Alkaline Medium
−
e.g., Fe + N 2 H 4 
OH
→ Fe(OH) 2 + NH3 . Autoxidation
Proceed like neutral medium for step 1 to step 4.

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Turpentine and numerous other olefinic compounds,
+2 −2 −3
→ Fe + 2e , 2e + N 
Step (i): Fe  → 2N 2 phosphorus and certain metals like Zn and Pb can absorb
Step (ii): Fe + N −22 
→ Fe +2 + 2N −3 oxygen from the air in presence of water. The water is
oxidised to hydrogen peroxide. This phenomenon of
Step (iii): Fe + N 2 H 4 
→ Fe(OH)2 + 2NH3
formation of H2O2 by the oxidation of H2O is known as
m
Step (iv): No other atom (except H and O) is unbalanced and autoxidation. The substance such as turpentine or
thus, no need for this step. phosphorus or lead which can activate the oxygen is called
Step (v): Balancing of O atom is made by using H 2 O and
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activator. The activator is supposed to first combine with

OH− ions. oxygen to form an addition compound, which acts as an
Step (vi): Balancing charge by H + : 4OH − + 4H + + Fe + N 2 H 4 autoxidator and reacts with water or some other acceptor so

→ Fe(OH)2 + 2NH3 + 2H 2 O as to oxidise the latter. For example;
Pb + O 2 → PbO 2 ; PbO 2 + H 2 O → PbO + H 2 O 2
e

∴ Finally balanced equation is, 2H 2 O + Fe + N 2 H 4 (activator ) (autoxidator) (acceptor )


→ Fe(OH) 2 + + NH3
The turpentine or other unsaturated compounds which act as
e_

activators are supposed to take up oxygen molecule at the

Oxidation State Method double bond position to form unstable peroxide called
e.g., KMnO 4 + H 2 C2 O4 
→ CO 2 + K 2 O + MnO + H 2 O moloxide, which then gives up the oxygen to water molecule
The initial step I should be written as or any other acceptor.
Step (i): Mn +7 
→ Mn +2 i.e., change in oxidation no. of
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The concept of autoxidation help to explain the phenomenon

Mn (+7 
→ +2) = 5 units of induced oxidation. Na 2 SO3 solution is oxidised by air but
C+2 3 
→ 2C+4 i.e.,change in oxidation no. of C (+6 
→+8) = Na 3 AsO3 solution is not oxidised by air. If a mixture of
2 units both is taken, it is observed both are oxidised.
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Step (ii): Proceed from step II last step for neutral, acidic or
alkaline medium as in ion electrons method. Disproportionation
Balancing of Half Reactions One and the same substance may act simultaneously as an
Example: I 2  −
→ IO (Acid medium) oxidising agent and as a reducing agent with the result that a
3
part of it gets oxidised to a higher state and rest of it is reduced
Step (i): Balance atoms other than O and H if needed i.e.,
to lower state of oxidation. Such a reaction, in which a
→ 2IO3−
I2 
substance undergoes simultaneous oxidation and reduction, is
Step (ii): Balance O atoms using H + and H 2 O as reported earlier. called disproportionation and the substance is said to
→ 2IO3− + 12H +
I2 + 6H 2O  disproportionate.

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Redox Reactions 99
++
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 12. Sn loses two electrons in a reaction. What will be the
oxidation number of tin after the reaction?
Oxidation Reduction
a. + 2 b. Zero c. + 4 d. – 2
1. 2CuI 
→ Cu + CuI2 the reaction is:
13. 2MnO4− + 5H 2 O 2 + 6H + 
→ 2 Z + 5O2 + 8H 2 O.
a. Redox b. Neutralisation
c. Oxidation d. Reduction In this reaction Z is:
a. Mn+2 b. Mn+4
2. H 2S reacts with halogens, the halogens:
c. MnO2 d. Mn

s
a. Form sulphur halides b. Are oxidised
14. What is ‘A’ in the following reaction?
c. Are reduced d. None of these
2Fe3+ (aq) + Sn 2 + (aq) 
→ 2Fe 2 + (aq) + A ?

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3. H 2 O 2 reduces K 4 Fe(CN)6 :
a. Sn 3 + (aq) b. Sn 4 + (aq)
a. In neutral solution b. In acidic solution
c. In non-polar solvent d. In alkaline solution c. Sn 2 + (aq) d. Sn

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4. Which halide is not oxidised by MnO 2 ? 15. For the redox reaction
a. F b. Cl MnO−4 + C 2 O4−2 + H + 
→ Mn 2 + + CO 2 + H 2 O
c. Br d. I The correct coefficients of the reactants for the balanced

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reaction are:
5. When Fe 2 + changes to Fe 3+ in a reaction?
MnO−4 C2 O42− H+
a. It loses an electron b. It gains an electron
c. It loses a proton d. It gains a proton a. 2 5 16
b. 16 5 2
m
6. In acid solution, the reaction MnO −4 
→ Mn 2 + involves: c. 5 16 2
a. Oxidation by 3 electrons d. 2 16 5
b. Reduction by 3 electrons
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16. Which of the following is a redox reaction?

c. Oxidation by 5 electrons
a. NaCl + KNO3 
→ NaNO3 + KCl
d. Reduction by 5 electrons
b. CaC2 O4 + 2HCl 
→ CaCl2 + H 2 C2 O4
7. When iron or zinc is added to CuSO 4 solution, copper is
precipitated. It is due to? c. Mg(OH) 2 + 2NH 4 Cl 
→ MgCl2 + 2NH 4 OH
e

a. Oxidation of Cu +2 b. Reduction of Cu +2 d. Zn + 2AgCN 

→ 2Ag + Zn(CN) 2
e_

c. Hydrolysis of CuSO 4 d. Ionization of CuSO 4 17. In the reaction H 2S + NO 2 

→ H 2 O + NO + S. H 2S is:
8. The reaction H 2S + H 2 O2 
→ 2H 2 O + S shows: a. Oxidised b. Reduced
a. Oxidizing action of H 2 O 2 c. Precipitated d. None of these

b. Reducing action of H 2 O 2 18. In the course of a chemical reaction an oxidant:

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a. Loses electrons
c. Alkaline nature of H 2 O 2 b. Gains electrons
d. Acidic nature of H 2 O 2 c. Both loses and gains electron
d. Electron change takes place
9. Which of the following is not a reducing agent?
19. H2O2 Reduces K4Fe (CN)6:
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a. NaNO2 b. NaNO3
a. In neutral solution b. In acidic solution
c. HI d. SnCl2 c. In non-polar solvent d. In alkaline solution
10. Oxidation number of N in HNO3 is: 20. SnCl2 gives a precipitate with a solution of HgCl2. In this
a. – 3.5 b. + 3.5 process HgCl2is:
c. – 3, +5 d. + 5 a. Reduced
b. Oxidised
11. The oxidation number of Mn in MnO −41 is: c. Converted into a complex compound containing both
a. + 7 b. – 5 Sn and Hg
c. + 6 d. + 5 d. Converted into a chloro complex of Hg

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100 Quick Revision NCERT - CHEMISTRY
21. In a reaction between zinc and iodine, in which zinc iodide 29. A solution of sulphur dioxide in water reacts with H 2S
is formed, what is being oxidised? precipitating sulphur. Here sulphur dioxide acts as:
a. Zinc ions b. Iodide ions a. As oxidising agent b. A reducing agent
c. Zinc atom d. Iodine c. An acid d. A catalyst
22. Which of the following is redox reaction? 30. In which of the following reactions H 2 O 2 is a reducing
a. H 2 SO 4 with NaOH agent?
b. In atmosphere, O3 from O2 by lightning a. 2FeCl2 + 2HCl + H 2 O2 
→ 2FeCl3 + 2H 2 O

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c. Evaporation of H 2 O
b. Cl2 + H 2 O 2 
→ 2HCl + O 2

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d. Nitrogen oxides form nitrogen and oxygen by lightning
c. 2HI + H 2 O 2 
→ 2H 2 O + I 2
Disproportionation d. H 2SO3 + H 2 O2 
→ H 2SO4 + H 2 O
23. For decolourization of 1 mole of KMnO 4 , the moles of
31. Which is the best description of the behaviour of bromine

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H 2 O 2 required is: in the reaction given below?
a. 1/2 b. 3/2 H 2 O + Br2 
→ HOBr + HBr
c. 5/2 d. 7/2

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a. Oxidised only
−− − −−
24. In the reaction I 2 + 2S2 O 3 
→ 2I + S4 O 6 equivalent b. Reduced only
weight of iodine will be equal to: c. Proton acceptor only
a. 1/2 of molecular weight d. Both oxidised and reduced
m
b. Molecular weight 32. In the reaction HAsO 2 + Sn 2 + 
→ As + Sn 4 + + H 2 O
c. 1/4 of molecular weight
oxidising agent is:
d. None
a. Sn 2 + b. Sn 4 +
xa

25. The equivalent weight of KIO3 in the reaction c. As d. HAsO 2

2−
2Cr(OH)3 + 4OH + KIO3 
→ 2CrO + 5H 2 O + KI is:
4
33. HNO 2 acts both as reductant and oxidant, while HNO3
Mol. wt.
a. Mole wt. b. acts only as oxidant. It is due to their:
e

6
a. Solubility ability
Mol. wt. Mol. wt. b. Maximum oxidation number
c. d.
e_

2 3 c. Minimum oxidation number

26. In alkaline medium ClO2 oxidize H2O2 in O2 and reduced d. Minimum number of valence electrons
itself in Cl − then how many mole of H2O2 will oxidize by 34. Oxidation state of chlorine in perchloric acid is:
one mole of ClO2 : a. – 1 b. 0
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a. 1.0 b. 1.5 c. – 7 d. + 7
c. 2.5 d. 3.5
35. Oxidation number of carbon in H 2 C 2 O 4 is:

Oxidizing and Reducing Agent a. + 4 b. + 3

c. + 2 d. – 2
27. Equation H 2S + H 2 O 2 
→ S + 2H 2 O represents:
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a. Acidic nature of H 2 O 2 36. The oxidation number of Fe and S in iron pyrites are:
a. 4, – 2 b. 2, – 1
b. Basic nature of H 2 O 2
c. 3, – 1.5 d. 3, – 1
c. Oxidising nature of H 2 O2
37. The oxidation states of the most electronegative element
d. Reducing nature of H 2 O2 in the products of the reaction of BaO2 with dilute
28. A reducing agent is a substance which can: H 2SO 4 are:
a. Accept electron b. Donate electrons a. 0 and – 1 b. – 1 and – 2
c. Accept protons d. Donate protons c. – 2 and 0 d. – 2 and + 1

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Redox Reactions 101
38. The oxidation number of Cr in K 2 Cr2 O7 is: 49. Sulphur has highest oxidation state in:
a. +6 b. – 7 a. SO 2 b. H 2 SO 4
c. +2 d. – 2 c. Na 2 S2 O3 d. Na 2S4 O6

39. The oxidation state of nitrogen is highest in: 50. An element which never has a positive oxidation number
a. N3 H b. NH 2 OH in any of its compounds:
c. N 2 H 4 d. NH3 a. Boron b. Oxygen
c. Chlorine d. Fluorine

s
40. The oxidation number and covalency of sulphur in the
Redox Reaction and Method for Balancing Redox Reaction
sulphur molecule (S8 ) are respectively:

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51. C2 H 6 (g) + nO 2 
→ CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l)
a. 0 and 2 b. 6 and 8
c. 0 and 8 d. 6 and 2 In this equation, the ratio of the coefficients of CO 2 and
H 2 O is:
41. When KMnO 4 is reduced with oxalic acid in acidic solution,

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a. 1 : 1 b. 2 : 3
the oxidation number of Mn changes from? c. 3 : 2 d. 1 : 3
a. 7 to 4 b. 6 to 4
52. Starch paper is used to test for the presence of:

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c. 7 to 2 d. 4 to 2
a. Iodine b. Oxidising agent
42. What is the net charge on ferrous ion? c. Iodide ion d. Reducing agent
a. + 2 b. + 3
53. In the balanced chemical reaction,
c. + 4 d. + 5
IO3− + a I − + b H + 
→ c H2O + d I2
m
43. Oxidation number of nitrogen in NaNO 2 is: a, b, c and d respectively correspond to:
a. + 2 b. + 3 a. 5, 6, 3, 3 b. 5, 3, 6, 3
xa

c. + 4 d. – 3 c. 3, 5, 3, 6 d. 5, 6, 5, 5

54. 2MnO 4− + 5H 2 O 2 + 6H + 
→ 2 Z + 5O 2 + 8H 2 O .
Oxidation Number and Oxidation State
In this reaction Z is:
44. Oxidation number of cobalt in K[Co(CO) 4 ] is:
a. Mn +2 b. Mn +4
e

a. + 1 b. + 3
c. MnO2 d. Mn
c. – 1 d. – 3
e_

Auto Oxidation and Disproportionation

45. In which compound, oxidation state of nitrogen is 1?
a. NO b. N 2 O 55. In the equation H 2S + 2HNO3 
→ 2H 2 O + 2NO 2 + S
The equivalent weight of hydrogen sulphide is:
c. NH 2 OH d. N 2 H 4
a. 16 b. 68
Je

46. The oxidation state of Mn in K 2 MnO 4 : c. 34 d. 17

a. + 2 b. + 7 56. The metal used in galvanizing of iron is:
c. – 2 d. + 6 a. Pb b. Zn
c. Al d. Sn
47. In which of the following compound transition metal has
@

zero oxidation state? 57. The equivalent weight of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) in the
a. CrO5 b. NH 2 .NH 2 reaction NaOH + H 3 PO 4 
→ NaH 2 PO 4 + H 2 O is:
c. NOClO 4 d. [Fe(CO)5 ] a. 25 b. 49
c. 59 d. 98
48. The oxidation state of nitrogen in N3 H is:
58. What is the equivalent mass of IO −4 when it is converted
1
a. + b. + 3 into I2 in acid medium?
3
a. M/6 b. M/7
1
c. −1 d. − c. M/5 d. M/4
3

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102 Quick Revision NCERT - CHEMISTRY
59. Which one of the following nitrates will leave behind a b. Manganese chloride
metal on strong heating? c. Manganese sulphate
a. Ferric nitrate b. Copper nitrate d. Potassium permanganate
c. Manganese nitrate d. Silver nitrate 66. Oxygen has an oxidation state of –1 in:
60. To prevent rancidification of food material, which of the a. H 2 O 2 b. BaO 2
following is added? c. OF2 d. H 2S2 O8
a. Reducing agent b. Anti-oxidant
67. Which of the following reactions do not involve oxidation

s
c. Oxidising agent d. None of these
reduction?
a. 2Rb + 2H 2O 
→ 2RbOH + H 2

ck
NCERT EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
More than One Answer b. 2CuI 2 
→ 2CuI + I 2
61. 15 g of KMnO 4 in acidic medium is equal to: c. NH 4 Cl + NaOH 
→ NaCl + NH3 + H 2 O

ri
a. 0.09493 moles d. 4KCN + Fe(CN 2 ) 
→ K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ]
b. 0.4446 g equivalents
c. 9.492 L of 0.05 N KMnO 4 68. Oxidation numbers of carbon is correctly given for:
Compound O. No.

_t
d. 10 mL of 0.05 M KMnO 4

a. HN = C +2
62. Choose the correct option(s): b. H − C ≡ N +4
a. KClO4 and KMnO 4 are isomorphous in nature c. CCl4 +4
m
b. Equivalent weight of Fe0.9O when it is converted to FeO is d. C6 H12 O6 0
332. (At wt. of Fe =56) 69. When Cl2 is passed through NaOH in cold, the oxidation
c. Molar volume of water at STP is 22.4 litre number of Cl changes from:
xa

d. When ‘w’ g Na 2SO4 ⋅10H 2 O is added in X g of water, a. 0 to –1 b. 0 to +1

1000 c. 0 to –2 d. 0 to +2
molality of SO42− is
332X 70. H 2S acts only as a reducing agent while SO 2 can act both
63. Which of the following reactions represent disproportionation? as a reducing and oxidizing agent because:
e

a. F2 + NaOH 
→ NaF + H2O + O2 a. S in H 2S has –2 oxidation state
b. S in SO 2 has oxidation state + 4
e_

b. 2Cu + 
→ Cu +2 + Cu(s)
c. Hydrogen in H 2S more +ve than oxygen
c. 2H2O2 (l) 
→ 2H2 O(l) + O2 (g)
d. Oxygen is more – ve in SO 2
d. Cl2 + H 2O 
→ HCl + HOCl
71. K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ] + H 2SO 4 + H 2 O 
→
Je

64. For the balanced redox reaction K 2SO 4 + FeSO 4 + (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + CO 2

aNO3− + bAs 2 S3 + 4H 2 O 
→ xAsO34− + yNO + zSO 24 − + 8H +
For the above reaction which statement is/are correct?
Which of the following statements are correct? a. Oxidation number of C changes from + 2 to + 4
a. Equivalent weight of As 2S3 is M/24 where ‘M’ is molecular b. The above reaction is called acidic hydrolysis.
@

weight of As 2S3 c. The above reaction is called disproportionation reaction.

b. The value of a : b = 8 :1 d. n-factor for K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ] is 12.
b + 2b 72. Cu 2S 
→ Cu + SO 2 ; Equivalent weight of Cu 2S = x1
c. The value of is 1
x+y +6

z−x → Cu S O 4 ; Equivalent weight of Cu 2S = x2

Cu 2S 
d. The value of is 1
3 → Cu + + S ; Equivalent weight of Cu 2S = x3
Cu 2S 
65. The oxidation number of Mn is +2 in: a. x1 > x2 b. x2 > x3
a. Manganese oxide c. x3 > x1 d. x3 > x2

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Redox Reactions 103
.
73. The compound(s) behaving both oxidizing as well as 82. Assertion: HClO4 is a stronger acid than HClO3
reducing agent is/are: Reason: Oxidation state of Cl in HClO4 is +VII and in
a. H 2 O 2 b. SO 2 HClO3 + V.
c. HNO 2 d. HNO 3
83. Assertion: In a reaction Zn(s) + CuSO 4 (aq) 
→
74. The compound in which the same element possesses two
ZnSO 4 (aq) + Cu(s), Zn is a reductant but itself get
different oxidation states is/are:
oxidized.
a. bleaching powder

s
b. hypo Reason: In a redox reaction, oxidant is reduced by
c. perdisulphuric acid accepting electrons and reductant is oxidized by losing

ck
d. potassium permanganate electrons.

75. Which of the following cannot work as oxidising agent? 84. Assertion: Oxidation number of carbon in CH2O is zero.
a. O2 b. KMnO 4 Reason: CH 2 O formaldehyde, is a covalent compound.

ri
c. I2 d. None of these
85. Assertion: A reaction between Fe and I2 occurs, but a
Assertion and Reason reaction between Fe 2 + and I − does not occur.

_t
Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) carefully to mark Reason: Fe is a better reducing agent than I − .
the correct option out of the options given below:
a. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the Comprehension Based
correct explanation of the assertion.
Paragraph–I
m
b. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
Consider the following unbalanced redox reaction:
correct explanation of the assertion.
c. If assertion is true but reason is false. H 2O + AX + BY 
→ HA + OY + X 2 B
xa

d. If the assertion and reason both are false. The oxidation number of X is − 2 , and neither X nor water is
e. If assertion is false but reason is true. involved in the redox process.
76. Assertion: The oxidation numbers are artificial; they 86. The element(s) undergoing oxidation is/are:
are useful as a ‘book-keeping’ device of electrons in reactions.
a. A b. B
Reason: The oxidation numbers do not usually represent
e

c. Y d. B or Y or both
real charges on atoms, they are simply conventions that
indicate what the maximum charge could possibly be on 87. The possible oxidation state of B and Y in BY are,
e_

an atom in a molecule. respectively:

a. +1, − 1 b. +2, − 2
77. Assertion: H 2SO 4 cannot act as reducing agent.
Reason: Sulphur cannot increase its oxidation number c. +3, − 3 d. All of these
beyond + 6 . 88. If the above reaction is balanced with smallest whole
Je

78. Assertion: Equivalent weight of NH3 in the reaction number coefficients, the sum of the stoichiometric
N 2 
→ NH3 is 17/3 while that of N2 is 28/6. coefficients of all the compounds is:
a. 9 b. 8
Molecular weight
Reason: Equivalent weight = c. 7 d. 6
number of e – lost or gained
@

79. Assertion: SO2 and Cl2 both are bleaching agents. Paragraph–II
Reason: Both are reducing agents. Oxidation reaction involves loss of electrons, and reduction
80. Assertion: Fluorine exists only in −1 oxidation state. reaction involves gain of electrons. The reaction in which a
species disproportionate into two oxidation states (lower and
Reason: Fluorine has 2s 2 2p5 configuration.
higher) is called disproportionation reaction
81. Assertion: Stannous chloride is a powerful oxidising
89. Which of the following statements is wrong?
agent which oxidises mercuric chloride to mercury.
a. A acidified K 2Cr2 O7 paper on being exposed to SO 2 turns
Reason: Stannous chloride gives grey precipitate with
mercuric chloride, but stannic chloride does not do so. green.

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104 Quick Revision NCERT - CHEMISTRY
b. Mercuric chloride and stannous chloride cannot exist as a. A→ 2; B→ 3; C→ 4; D→ 1
such. b. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
c. Iron turning on addition to CuSO4 solution decolourises c. A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1
the blue colour. d. A→ 2; B→ 3; C→ 1; D→ 4
d. [CuI4 ]2− is formed but [CuCl 4 ]2− is not.
95. Match the statement of Column with those in Column II:
90. Which of the following statements is wrong? Column I Column II
a. Accidified KMnO4 solution decolourieses on the (Reaction) (Number of

s
addition of sodium oxalate. elect –rons lost
b. In the reaction between Br2 and CsI, Br2 is an oxidising

ck
or gained)
agent and CsI is a reducing agent.
(A) MN(OH) 2 + H 2 O 2 
→ MnO 2 1. 8
c. In the reaction 2K 2S2 O3 + I 2 
→ 2KI + K 2S4 O 6 , the
change in the oxidation number of S is 0.5 (B) AlCl 2 + 3K 
→ Al + 3KCl 2. 2

ri
d. C has the same oxidation number in both CH4 and CO2 (C) 3Fe + 4H2O 
→ Fe3O4 + 4H2 3. 3
91. Which of the following statements is correct? (D) H 2S + NO3− 
→ S + NO 4. 6
a. An element in the lowest oxidation state acts only as a

_t
a. A→ 2; B→ 3; C→ 1; D→ 4
reducing agent.
b. An element in the highest oxidation sate acts only as a b. A→ 3; B→ 1; C→ 2; D→ 4
reducing agent. c. A→ 1; B→ 2; C→ 3; D→ 4
c. The oxidation number of V in Rb 4 K(HV10 O 28 ) is +4. d. A→ 2; B→ 3; C→ 4; D→ 1
m
d. The oxidation number and valency of Hg in calomel is +1
Integer
92. Which of the following statements is wrong?
96. Find out the value of n in
xa

a. The algebraic sum of the oxidation numbers of all

atoms in an ion is zero MnO −4 + 8H + + ne 
→ Mn +2 + 4H 2 O
b. The oxidation number is an arbitrary number. It can
have positive, negative, zero, or fractional values. 97. One mole of N 2 H 4 loses 10 mole electrons to form a
c. When a negative ion changes to neutral species, the new compound Y. Assuming that all the N 2 appears in
e

process is oxidation. new compound, what is oxidation state of N in Y? There

d. The oxidation number of phosphorous can very form –3
e_

is no change in oxidation state of H.

to +5.
93. Which of the following is not a disproportionation reaction? 98. The equivalent weight of HNO3 (molecular weight = 63)
a. OH − + Br2 
→ Br − + BrO3− in the following reaction is
+ 2+
b. Cu 2 O + 2H 
→ Cu + Cu + H 2 O 3Cu + 8HNO3 
→ 3Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 2NO + 4H 2 O
Je

− 2− −
c. (CN) 
→ CO + NO 3 3
99. In the following reaction
d. (CN) 2 + 2OH − 
→ CN − + CNO − + H 2 O
xZn + yHNO3 (dil) 
→ aZn(NO3 ) 2 + bH 2 O + cNH 4 NO3

Match the Column What is the sum of the coefficients (a + b + c) ?

@

94. Match the statement of Column with those in Column II:

100. CN − ion is oxidized by a powerful oxidising agent of
Column I Column II
(Compound) (Oxidation state of N) NO3− and CO 2 or CO32− depending on the acidity of the
(A) NO 2 1. + 5 reaction mixture
(B) HNO 2. − 3 CN − 
→ CO 2 + NO3− + H + + ne −
(C) NH 3 3. + 4 What is the number (n) of electrons involved in the process,
(D) N2O5 4. + 1 divided by 10?

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Redox Reactions 105
ANSWER 9. (b) NaNO 2 , SnCl 2 and HI have reducing and oxidizing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. properties but NaNO3 have only oxidizing property.
a c b a a d b a b d
∗
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 10. (d) H N O3 ; 1 + x − 6 = 0; x = +5.
a c a b a d a b b a
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 11. (a) Mn shows +7 oxidation state in MnO−41
c d c a d c c b a b ∗

31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. MnO−4 1

s
d d b d b a b a a a x + (−2 × 4) = −1
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
x − 8 = −1

ck
c a b c b d d d b d
x = − 1 + 8 = + 7.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
b a a a d b d b d b 12. (c) Sn 2 + 
→ Sn 4 + + 2e −
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
13. (a) 2MnOΘ4 + 5H 2 O 2 + 6H + 
→ 2Mn 2 + + 5O 2 + 8H 2 O.

ri
a,c a,b b,c,d c,d a,b,c a,b,d c,d c,d a,b a,b
71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. Reduction
a,c a,c,d a,b,d a,b,c c a a a c b
81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 14. (b) 2Fe3+ + Sn 2+ → 2Fe 2+ + Sn 4 +

_t
e b a b a d d b d d
Oxidation
91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
− + −
a a c c a 5 3 84 8 3 → Mn 2+ + 4H2 O × 2
15. (a) MnO4 + 8H + 5e 
C2 O24− 
→ 2CO2 + 2e− × 5
m
SOLUTION
Multiple Choice Questions 2MnO −4 + 5C2 O 42 − + 16H + 
→ 2Mn 2 + + 10CO 2 + 8H 2 O
+1 O +2 Thus, the coefficient of MnO −4 , C2 O 42 − and H + in the above
xa

1. (a) 2CuI 
→ Cu + CuI 2 . Oxidation and Reduction both
balanced equation respectively are 2, 5, 16.
occur so the reaction is redox.
0 +1 0 +2
2. (c) H 2S + X2 (Cl, Br, I = X) 
→ 2HX + S. 16. (d) Zn + 2AgCN 
→ 2Ag + Zn(CN) 2
Here the halogen are reduced. Reduction
e

Oxidation
3. (b) When H 2 O 2 reduces with K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ].
17. (a) In this reaction H 2S is oxidised because the oxidation
e_

It is present in acidic solution.

2K 4 [Fe(CN)6 + H 2SO 4 + H 2 O 2 
→ state of ‘S’ change from – 2 to 0.
2K 3 [Fe(CN)6 ] + K 2SO 4 + 2H 2 O 18. (b) Any substance which is capable of oxidising other
substances and is capable of accepting/gaining electron
4. (a) Fluorine has highest E o – value and more reactive than
during oxidation is called oxidising agent or oxidant.
Je

MnO 2 .
19. (b) When H 2 O 2 reduces with K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ]. It is present in
5. (a) Fe 2 + 
→ Fe 3+ + e − oxidation.
acidic solution.
6. (d) MnO −4 
→ Mn 2 + . In this reaction 5e − are needed for 2K 4 [Fe(CN)6 + H 2SO 4 + H 2 O2 
→
2+ − − 2+
as: MnO + 5e 
→ Mn .
@

the reduction of Mn 4 2K 3 [Fe(CN)6 ] + K 2SO 4 + 2H 2 O

Oxidation +2 +1 +4
0 +2 0 20. (a) SnCl 2 + 2HgCl 2 
→ SnCl4 + Hg 2 Cl2 (s)
7. (b) Zn + CuSO 4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
In this reaction HgCl2 is reduced in Hg.
Reduction
o o +2 −1

In this reaction Cu 2 + change in Cu o , hence it is called as 21. (c) Zn + I 2 

→ ZnI 2
reduction reaction. In this reaction Znatom oxidised to Zn 2 + ion and iodine
8. (a) In this reaction H 2 O 2 acts as a oxidizing agent. reduced to I − .

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106 Quick Revision NCERT - CHEMISTRY

0 + 2 −2
32. (d) Oxidizing agent itself, undergoes reduction during a
0
22. (d) 2N 2 + O 2 
→ 2N O redox reaction
+3 +2 0 2+
Here O.N. of N increases from O in N2 to +2 in NO, 2– HAsO 2 + Sn 
→ As + Sn + H 2 O
and that of decreased from O in O2 to –2 in O, therefore,
Hence, here HAsO2 is acting as oxidizing agent.
it is a redox reaction.
Oxidation number and Oxidation state
23. (c) 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 
→K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5O ∗
33. (b) In HNO 2 oxidation number of N = + 3
5H 2 O2 + 5O 
→ 5H 2 O + 5O2

s
∗
In HNO 3 oxidation number of N = + 5.
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2O2 
→

ck
∗
K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O + 5O2 34. (d) HClO 4
1 + x − 2 × 4 = 0; 1 + x − 8 = 0
Molecular weight
24. (a) = Equivalent weight of Iodine. x = 8 − 1 = +7 oxidation state.
2

ri
∗
Molecular weight 35. (b) H 2 C 2 O 4
25. (d)
3 2 + 2x − 2 × 4 = 0 ;
Because in KIO3 effective oxidation number is 3. 2x = 8 − 2 = 6
→Cl−
26. (c) ClO2 

H2 O2 
→ O2
→ Cl− + 4OH −
ClO 2 + 2H 2 O + 5e 
_t x=
6
2
∗
36. (a) FeS2
= +3.
∗
FeS2
m
x −4 =0 4 + 2x = 0
H 2 O2 + 2OH − 
→ O2 + 2H 2 O + 2e
x = +4 2 x = −4
→ Cl− + 4OH − ] × 2
ClO2 + 2H 2 O + 5e  −4
xa

−
x= = −2 .
H 2 O2 + 2OH 
→ O2 + 2H2 O + 2e] × 2 2

2ClO2 + 5H 2 O 2 + 2OH − 
→ 2Cl− + 5O 2 + 5H 2 O 37. (b) In H 2 O2 oxygen shows = – 1 (peroxide) oxidation

2ClO2 ≡≡ 5H 2 O 2 state and in BaSO 4 oxygen shows = – 2 oxidation state.

e

∗
∴ ClO 2 == 2.5H 2 O 2 38. (a) K 2 Cr2 O 7
−2 0 2 + 2x − 2 × 7 = 0
e_

27. (c) H 2S+ H 2 O 2 

→ S+ 2H 2 O
2x − 14 + 2 = 0
Oxidation
12
The oxidation of S shows oxidising nature of H 2 O2 . 2x = 12 ; x = = +6.
2
28. (b) A substance which is capable of reducing other
39. (a) 3 × x + 1(1) = 0
Je

substances and is capable of donating electrons during

reduction is called a reducing agent or reductant. 3x + 1 = 0
29. (a) When sulphur dioxide is react with H 2 S here SO 2 act 1
3x = −1, ⇒ x = − in N 3 H
as an oxidising agent and H 2S act as reducing agent. 3
x + 2 ( +1) + 1(−2) + 1(1) = 0
@

o −1
30. (b) Cl 2 + H 2 O 2 
→ 2HCl+ O 2 . In this reaction chlorine x = −1 in NH 2 OH
reduced from zero to – 1 oxidation state.
4
x × 2 + 4 (1) = 0 x = − = −2in N 2 H 4
31. (d) H 2 O + Br2 
→ HOBr + HBr 2
0 +1 −1
x + 3(1) = 0 x = −3 in NH3
In the above reaction the oxidation number of Br2
Hence, highest in N 3 H.
increases from zero (in Br2 ) to +1 (in HOBr ) and decrease
from zero ( Br2 ) to – 1 (in HBr ). Thus Br2 is oxidised as 40. (a) The oxidation number of sulphur in the sulphur molecule
well as reduced & hence it is a redox reaction. (S8 ) is 0 and 2.

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Redox Reactions 107
COOH +7 52. (a) Starch paper are used for iodine test
41. (c) 5 | + 2KMnO 4 + 3H 2SO 4 
→ as: I − + oxidant → I2
COOH
+2 I2 + starch → blue colour
K 2SO 4 + 2MnSO 4 + 10CO 2 + 8H 2 O
In this reaction oxidation state of Mn change from + 7 to 53. (a) IO3– + aI– + bH+ 
→ cH2O + dI2
+ 2. Step (i) : I–1 → I2 (oxidation)
IO3– → I2 (reduction)
42. (a) Fe 
→[Ar]3d 6 4S2

s
26
Step (ii): 2IO3– + 12H+ 
→ I2 + 6H2O
++
Fe 
→ [Ar]3d 4S 6 0
Step (iii): 2IO3– + 12H+ + 10e 
→ I2 + 6H2O

ck
Fe+ ++ 
→ [Ar]3d5 4S0 2I– → I2 + 2e
In +2 state Fe is called Ferrous and in +3 state as ferric. Step (iv): 2IO3– + 12H+ + 10e– 
→ I2 + 6H2O
43. (b) Let the oxidation number of N in NaNO 2 be [2I– → I2 + 2e]5
Step (v): 2IO3– + 10I– + 12H+ 
→ 6I2 + 6H2O

ri
x +1 + x + (−2) × 2 = 0
IO3– + 5I– + 6H+ → 3I2 + 3H2O
1 + x − 4 = 0 ; x = +3
∗
On comparing, a = 5, b = 6, c = 3, d = 3

_t
44. (c) K[Co(CO)4 ]
54. (a) 2MnO Θ4 + 5H 2 O 2 + 6H + 
→ 2Mn 2 + + 5O 2 + 8H 2 O .
1 + x + 0 = 0; x = −1.
0
55. (d) H 2S 
→ S+ 2e
45. (b) In N 2 O nitrogen have +1 oxidation state.
Mol. wt. 34
m
∗
Equivalent wt. = = =17.
46. (d) K 2 MnO 4 2 2
2 + x − 2× 4 = 0 56. (b) Zn 2 + / Zn.E o = −0.76 V
x = 8 − 2 = +6 .
xa

Al3+ / Al E o = −1.662
47. (d) In [Fe(CO)5 ], transition metal Fe has zero oxidation
Sn 2 + / Sn Eo = −0.136
state.
Pb 2 + / Pb E o = −0.126
1
48. (d) In hydrazoic acid (N 3 H) nitrogen shows − oxidation
e

3 In galvanizing action Zn is coated over iron.

state. 57. (d) Molecular weight of H3 PO4 is 98 and change in
e_

∗
N3H its valency = 1 equivalent wt. of H 3 PO 4
3x + 1 = 0 , Molecular weight
=
3x = −1, Change in valency
1 98
Je

x=− . = = 98.
3 1
∗
49. (b) SO 2 = +4 58. (b) Equivalent mass
Molecular weight
∗
=
H 2SO 4 = +6 Change in oxidation number per mole
@

∗
Na 2S2 O 3 = +2 Suppose molecular weight is M
∗
Oxidation number of I2 in IO −4 in
5
Na 2S4 O 6 = + .
2 Acidic medium i.e., I × (−8) + 1e − = +7

50. (d) Fluorine always shows – 1 oxidation state. So eq. wt. = M / 7.

∆
51. (b) The balanced equation is 59. (d) 2AgNO3  → 2Ag + 2NO 2 + O 2 .
2C2 H 6 + 7O2 
→ 4CO2 + 6H 2 O . 60. (b) To prevent rancidification of food material we add
Ratio of the coefficients of CO2 and H 2 O is 4 : 6 or 2 : 3. anti-oxidant which are called oxidation inhibitor.

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108 Quick Revision NCERT - CHEMISTRY
NCERT Exemplar Problems 79. (c) It is true that SO2 and Cl2 both are bleaching agents.
More than One Answer But Cl2 is an oxidising agent while SO2 is a reducing agent.
61. (a, c) 0.09493 moles, 9.492 L of 0.05 N KMnO 4 Therefore, in this question assertion is true while reason is
false.
62. (a, b) KClO 4 and KMnO 4 are isomorphous in nature,
Equivalent weight of Fe0.9O when it is converted to FeO is 80. (b) It is correct that fluorine exists only in –1 oxidation
state because it has 1s2 2p5 electronic configuration and
332. (At wt. of Fe =56)
thus shows only –1 oxidation state in order to complete its
63. (b, c, d) 2Cu + 
→ Cu +2 + Cu(s) ,

s
octet. Hence, both assertion and reason are true and reason
2H 2 O 2 (l) 
→ 2H 2 O(l) + O 2 (g) , is not a correct explanation of assertion.

ck
Cl 2 + H 2 O 
→ HCl + HOCl 81. (e) Here, assertion is false, because stannous chloiride is a
strong reducing agent not strong oxidising agent. Stannous
b + 2b z−x
64. (c, d) The value of is 1, The value of is 1 chlorides gives Grey precipitate with mercuric chloride.
x+y 3 Hence, reason is true.

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65. (a, b, c) Manganese oxide, Manganese chloride, Manganese 82. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
sulphate correct explanation of assertion. Greater the number of

_t
66. (a, b, d) H2O2, BaO2, H2S2O8 negative atoms present in the oxy-acid make the acid
67. (c, d) NH 4 Cl + NaOH 
→ NaCl + NH 3 + H 2 O , stronger. In general, the strengths of acids that have
general formula (HO)mZOn can be related to the value of
4KCN + Fe(CN 2 ) 
→ K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ]
n. As the value of n increases, acidic character also
m
68. (c, d) CCl4 + 4, C6 H12 O6 0 increases. The negative atoms draw electrons away from
69. (a, b) 0 to –1, 0 to +1 the Z-atom and make it more positive. The Z-atom,
therefore, becomes more effective in with drawing
xa

70. (a, b) In H2S sulphur shows –2 oxidation state and in SO2

electron density away from the oxygen atom that bonded
shows+4 oxidation state. Hence SO2 shows both oxidising
to hydrogen. in turn, the electrons of H—O bond are
and reducing properties.
drawn more strongly away from the H-atom. The net
71. (a, c) Oxidation number of C changes from +2 to +4, The effect makes it easier from the proton release and
above reaction is called disproportionation reaction
e

increases the acid strength.

72. (a, c, d) x1 > x2, x3 > x1, x3 > x2
83. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
e_

73. (a, b, d) H2 O2,SO2,HNO3 correct explanation of assertion.

74. (a, b,c) bleaching powder, hypo, perdisulphuric acid Oxidation loss of 2e

75. (c) Because I2 is a reducing agent. Zn(s) + Cu 2 + (aq) 

→ Zn 2 + (aq) + Cu(s)
Reduction gain of 2e
Je

Assertion and Reason 84. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
76. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
correct explanation of assertion. Oxidation number can be
correct explanation of assertion.
calculated using some rules. H is assigned +1 oxidation
77. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the state and 0 has oxidation number –2
correct explanation of assertion. Maximum oxidation state ∴
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O. No. of C in CH2 O: O. no. of C + 2 (+1) + (–2) = 0

of S is +6, it cannot exceed it. Therefore it can’t be further
∴ O. No. of C = 0
oxidised as S–2 can’t be reduced further.
85. (a) Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the
78. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
0
correct explanation for assertion.
correct explanation of assertion. N 2 + 6e − 
→ 2N 3− → Fe 2+ + 2I −
I 2 + Fe 
14 + 3 17 I − + Fe 2+ 
→ No reaction
∴ equivalent weight of NH 3 = = (M. wt. ofNH3)
3 3
The oxidation potential of Fe / Fe2+ is greater than the
14 × 2 28
While for N 2 = = oxidation potential of 2I − / I 2 .
6 6

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Redox Reactions 109
Comprehension Based Reduction
+2 −2 (b) Br2 + 2I − 
→ 2Br + + I 2
86. (d) Oxidation state of X = −2 AX
Oxidation
−2 +2
Oxidation state of O = −2 OY (c) 2S2 O 2−
3 → S 4 O 62 −

−2×2 +4
4 x − 12 = − 4 4 x − 12 = − 2
Oxidation state of X = −2 X2 B
4x = 8 4 x = 10
+2 −2 +1 −1 −2 +2 −2×2 +4
∴ A X + BY + H 2O 
→ H A + O Y + X2 B 10 – 8 = 2

s
e − + A 2+ 
→ A1− (reduction) 2
Change in oxidation number of each N = = 0.5
+ a −a 4

ck
→ B4+ + Y 2+ (oxidation)
B Y 
(d) CH 4 : x + 4 = 0, x = − 4
Therefore, B or Y or both might have been oxidized.
CO 2 : x − 4 = 0, x = 4
87. (d) In BY, the oxidation state of B ≤ + 4
91. (a) (a) An element in the lowest oxidation state can only

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Oxidation state of attain higher oxidation state. So it is a reductant and
If the oxidation state of B is +1 and that Y is –1, then both undergoes oxidation.
will be oxidised. (b) An element in the highest oxidation state can only

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If the oxidation state of B is +2 and that of Y is –2, then attain lower oxidation state. So it is an oxidant and undergoes
both will be oxidised. reduction
If the oxidation state of B is +3 and that of Y is –3 then (c) The oxidation state of Rb and K is +1 (first group
both will be oxidised. −1× 4 +1
element) Rb 4 K [HV10 O 28 ]−5
m
88. (b) A 2+ + H + + 3e − 
→ HA] × 2 −5
HV10 O 28 = +10 x − 2 × 28 = −5
4+ + −
BY + H 2 O 
→ B + OY + 2H + 6e ∴ Oxidation state of V(x) =5
xa

2+ 4+ +1× 2 −1×2
2A + BY + H 2 O 
→ 2HA + B + OY (d) Calomel is Hg 2 Cl 2
2AX BY H 2 O 2HA BX 2 OY The oxidation number of Hg is +1 and valency is 2.
or + +  → + + =8
2 2 1 2 2 2
92. (a) (a) Wrong: The algebraic sum of the oxidation numbers
The sum of all the coefficients is 8.
of all the atoms in an ion equals the charge present on the
e

89. (d) (a) Cr2 O 72− (orange red) oxidizes SO2 to SO 24− and is ion.
(b) True statement
e_

itself reduced to Cr+3(green)

(c) True (2Cl − 
→ Cl2 + 2e− ) (oxidation)
Cr2 O 72− + 3H + + 3SO 2 
→ 2Cr 3+ + 3SO 24− + 4H 2O
(Orange) (Green ) (d) True
(b) Both reacts together 0 −1

+2 +2 +1 +4 → 2 Br +
93. (c) (a) Disproportionation reaction: Br2 
HgCl 2 + SnCl 2 
→ Hg 2 Cl 2 ↓ + SnCl 2 (White ppt)
Je

(Oxidation state of Br2 decreases form 0 to –1)

+1 +2 +4
Hg 2 Cl 2 + SnCl 2 
→ 2Hg ↓ + SnCl 2 (Grey) 0
→ BrO3+
Br2 
0 +2 2 0
→ Fe 2+ + Cu
(c) Fe + Cu SO 4  (Oxidation state of Br2increases form 0 to +5.)
(Blue)
x − 6 = −1, x = 5
@

(d) [CuCl 4 ]2− is formed but [CuI4 ]2− is not. I–ion reduces +1 0
+2 (b) Disproportionation reaction: Cu 2 O 
→ Cu
Cu to CuI and itself undergoes oxidation to form I2.
However, Cl– does not reduce Cu+2 (Oxidation state of Cu decreases form +1 to 0)
Cu+2 (Oxidation state of Cu increasing from +1 to +2)
90. (d) (a) The purple colour of KMnO 4 is decolourised due +2 +2
(c) Oxidation: CN − 
→ CO32− + 2e −
to the reduction of MnO −4 to Mn 2+ and C2 O 24− is oxidized
x − 3 = −1 x − 6 = −2
to CO2 is acidic medium. x=2 x=4
2MnO 4− + 16H + + 5C2 O 42− 
→ 2Mn 2+ + 10CO 2 + 8H 2O CN − 
→ NO 3− + 8e −

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110 Quick Revision NCERT - CHEMISTRY
(oxidation state of N = –3) x – 6 = –1, x =5 − −
6e + 2NO 3 
→ 2NO
Both are oxidation. x – 6 = –1 x–2=0
(d) Disproportionation reaction:
x=5 x=2
(CN)2 gets simultaneously oxidized to CNO– (cyanate ion)
and reduced to CN–.
Integer
The oxidation number of N in (CN)2 is –3, in CN– is +2,
96. (5) Total charge on L.H.S. = Total charges on R.H.S.
and in CNO– is –5.
(−1) + 8 + ( −n) = +2

s
Match the Column ∴ n =5
94. (c) A→ 3; B→ 4; C→ 2; D→ 1

ck
∗
97. (3) N 2 H 4 
→ (Y) + 10e
(A) NO 2 ; x − 4 = 0, x = + 4 Y contains all N atoms
∵
∗
(B) HNO ; 1 + x − 2 = 0, x = +1 ∴ N 2−2 
→ (2N)a + 10e
Therefore, 2a − (−4) = 10; a = + 3

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∗
(C) NH 3 ; x + 3 = 0, x = −3
∗ 10 98. (84) In this case only 2 mole of NO3− undergo reduction.
(D) N 2 O5 ; 2 x − 10 = 0, 2 x = 10, x = , x=5
3e− + NO3− 

_t
2 → NO ( x = 3) 2
95. (a) A→ 2; B→ 3; C→ 1; D→ 4 x − 6 = −1 x−2=0
(A) Mn 2+ 
→ Mn 4+ + 2e − (Oxidation) x=5 x=2
2e− + H 2 O 2 
→ 2H 2 O (Reduction) 6 mol of HNO3 are not changing so 6NO3− are added in the
m
→ 3K + + 3e − (Oxidation)
(B) 3K  reaction to get 3 mol of Cu(NO3 ) 2

3e− + Al3+ 
→ Al (Reduction) M 4M 4 × 63
∴ Ew = M + = =
xa

0
3 3 3
→ Fe3O 4 + 8e − (Oxidation)
(C) 3Fe 
99. (8) Balance the equation by any method.
3x = 0 3x – 8 = 0, 3x = 8
4Zn + 10HNO3 
→ 4Zn(NO3 ) 2 + 3H 2 O + NH 4 NO3
8e− + 4H 2 O 
→ 4H 2 (Reduction)
∴ a + b + c = 4 + 3 +1 = 8
e

8x –8 = 0 8x = 0
8x = 8 100. (3) Balance the equation.
− 15H 2 O + 3CN − 
→ 3CO 2 + 3NO3− + 30H + + 30e −
e_

(D) 3H 2S 
→ 3S + 6e
2+x=0 x=0 30
∴ Number of e–’s = =3
x = –2 10
Je

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@

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