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CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EXAMINATION CERTIFICATE
AGRICULTURE SCIENCE
SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT 2021
NAME OF CANDIDATE: ZALIKA COLLINS
CANDIDATE NUMBER: 0900700 TERRITORY: GUYANA SCHOOL: PRESIDENT’S COLLEGE SCHOOL CODE: 0900700 TITLE: WHICH OF THE TWO TYPES OF ORGANIC MANURE IS BEST FOR
PLANTING PAK CHOI PLANTS: CATTLE OR CHICKEN MANURE?
SUBJECT TEACHER: MISS TAPPIN
TABLE OF CONTENT
Acknowledgement The completion of this school-based assessment wouldn’t have been possible if not for the aid and support from relatives, subject teacher, and cooperative classmates.
Special thanks to members of my family who have been a great source of assistance and encouragement. The researcher also extends gratitude to her colleagues for their input into this School Based Assessment.
Finally, I would like to express gratitude to my subject teacher for her supervision throughout this assessment and God for giving me the life, strength, and wisdom to complete this S.B.A. Introduction Title of Project: To determine whether cattle or chicken manure is best suited for growing Pak choi.
Literature Review:
Manure is the decomposed form of dead plants and animals, which is applied to the soil to increase production. Animal manure is a valuable soil amendment. It supplies primary nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and micronutrients for plant growth.
Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis also known as pak choi is a mild flavored oriental vegetable. Pak choi is a cool- weather plant which will bolt and go to seed quickly in warm weather and long days. It can be grown in full sun in cool regions and in partial shade in warm regions. Pak choi is rich in nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. In our experiment the pak choi was transplanted in the cool morning under a shade house because it is the best time for transplanting since the plants are not using as much water.
Kansas Pork Association” The benefits of manure” Manure is divided into two categories “Hot and Cold”. Cow manure is considered as cold manure since it contains a higher ratio of carbon to nitrogen and releases nutrients in a much slower manner. Because cows eat grass, their manure is perfect for adding structure and increasing aeration in the soil. Hot manure is higher in nitrogen, which will burn and kill plants if applied before an adequate composting period. Chicken manure is considered as hot manure. It is fast growing since it is relatively high in nutrients. Chickens have a much more varied diet, which makes their droppings highly valuable. Statement of Problem: A crop farmer needs to work out which amendments are needed for his land and any crops grown on it. He wants to know which manure is better- cattle or chicken- to cover his plant beds, to ensure optimum growth of his crops so that its production is profitable.
Aim of investigation: To assess the impacts of manures on the farmer’s Pak choi crops To determine which manure is better- or chicken or cattle- in producing the best results for the farmer.
Location: President’s College, Golden Grove, East Coast Demerara
Duration: Four (4) weeks Date experiment began: January 21, 2021 Date experiment stopped: March 9 ,2021 Methodology Experimental Design
To conduct this investigation, the following was done:
Land preparation- The land was cleared using the manual method (cutlasses and rakes). Tillage- the land was ploughed using a ploughing machine (primary tillage) and was tilled using a tilling machine (secondary tillage). Fertilizers application- half of the bed were fertilized using chicken manure whilst the other half used cattle manure. Weed control- weeds were removed by hand pulling (mechanical method). Harvesting- crops were manually harvested within 4 to 5 weeks. Marketing- produced was sold. Materials Used and their Uses
Materials Uses Buckets To collect water from drain or tank Cutlasses For land clearing. To refine the soil. Forks To dig, lift or turn over soil. Garden Hose To water plant. Hoe To turn over the soil. Long Boots To protect feet. Pak Choi Seedlings Used for planting on the seedbeds. Pen Manure Incorporated in the soil to provide the plants with nutrients. Salt Bags To store manure. Seeds Boxes Used for germinating seedlings. Wheelbarrows To transport manure and other materials from one place to another. Table #1 Showing the Materials used and their uses Description of Activities
Activity Discussion Picture
Land Clearing The land was cleared using cutlasses and rakes to heap up and remove grass and weeds. Tillage The land was tilled using a garden fork and cutlass to break up lumps of soils.
Application of Fertilizers are used
Fertilizers to provide the soil with maximum nutrients.
Transplanting Pak choi
seedlings were moved from the seed box and placed into each whole, 15cm apart. They were not planted too deeply into the soil. Soil was gently mounded around the base of the seedlings to stay firm. Watering Plants were watered daily to retain enough moisture in the plants. Water helps in the process of photosynthesis.
Weed Control Weeds were
removed from the beds daily. Weeds compete with cultivated crops for nutrients, space, and light, lowing production. It also harbours pests that are harmful to plants. Harvesting Pak Choi was harvested between 4-5 weeks after seedlings were transplanted by using the whole plant in one go. Marketing Pak Choi was package and sold. Table #2 showing the activities that were carried out during the cultivation of Pak choi. Chicken 11.2 18.7 cm 16.9 cm 18 cm Manure Table #6 showing the average results for each type of treatment applied to the pak choi plants.
Method of Data Collection
Week Number of Length of Width of Height of leaves largest leaf largest leaf plant
Week Number of Length of Width of Height of
leaves largest leaf largest leaf plant
An empty Sample of the farm crop record
CHICKEN MANURE
Week Observation Number of Length of Width of Height of
leaves largest leaf largest leaf plant 1 4 9.5 cm 6.5 cm 6 cm
Week Number of Length of Width of Height of
leaves largest leaf largest leaf plant 2 A biting and 8 13 cm 12 cm 9 cm sucking insect bit some of the leaves on several plants.
Week 3 11 20 cm 19 cm 18 cm
Week 4 15 25 cm 23 cm 27 cm
Week 5 18 26 cm 24 cm 30 cm
Table #4 showing the results from each week of cultivating pak choi using chicken manure. COW MANURE
Week Observation Number of Length of Width of Height of
leaves largest leaf largest leaf plant 1 4 9 cm 6 cm 5 cm
Week 2 There was a 8 12.5 cm 11 cm 8 cm black caterpillar that bit 4 leaves, leaving large holes in them.
Week 3 10 19 cm 19.5 cm 17 cm
Week 4 12 24 cm 22.5 cm 25 cm
Week 5 16 25 cm 23 cm 27 cm
Table #5 showing the results from each week of cultivating pak choi using cow manure. Manure Average Average Average Average amount of length of width of height of leaves largest leaf largest leaf plant (cm) (cm) (cm) Cow Manure 10 17.9 cm 16.4 cm 16.4 cm Presentation of Results
LENGTH OF LARGEST LEAF [cm] TYPE OF ORGANIC MANURE
NO MANURE 5.195
CHICKEN MANURE 18.7
CATTLE MANURE 17.9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
AVERAGE LENGTH OF LARGEST LEAF
Series 1 Figure #2 comparing the average length of the largest pak choi leaf while using cattle, chicken and no manure. Looking at the graph above, one can see that cattle manure produced an average of 9.675 while chicken manure produced an average of 8.05. No manure, however resulted in the average length of the largest leaf BEING 5.19
COLUMN GRAPH DISPLAYING THE AVERAGE WIDTH OF
LARGEST LEAF [cm] 7 AVERAGE WIDTH OF LARGEST LEAF
3 6.2 5.78
2 2.85 1
0 CATTLE MANURE CHICKEN MANURE NO MANURE
TYPE OF ORGANIC MANURE
Figure #3 comparing the average width of largest leaf of the pak choi bouquets produced as a result of applying cattle, chicken and no manure. The application of cattle manure produced an average of 6.2, the largest of all other bouquets. Chicken manure yielded an average of 5.78 while no manure produced an average of 2.85, the lowest of the three.
