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Section 2.4

The document defines continuity of functions and discusses different types of discontinuities. It also presents several theorems about continuity, including that continuous functions are preserved under operations like addition and composition. Limits can be evaluated using continuity and substitution.

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Brittany Gaston
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4 views2 pages

Section 2.4

The document defines continuity of functions and discusses different types of discontinuities. It also presents several theorems about continuity, including that continuous functions are preserved under operations like addition and composition. Limits can be evaluated using continuity and substitution.

Uploaded by

Brittany Gaston
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

4 Limits and Continuity

Def 1: A function f is continuous at a number a if


lim f (x) = f (a)
x→a

This def is equivalent to the following conditions:


1. f (a) is defined.
2. x→a
lim f (x) exists.
lim f (x) = f (a).
3. x→a

Three types of discontinuities:


1. Removable one.
2. Infinity.
3. Jump

Def 2: A function f is continuous from the right at a number a if


lim f (x) = f (a)
x→a+
and f is continuous from the left at a if
lim f (x) = f (a)
x→a−

Def 3: A function f is continuous on a interval if it is continuous at every number


in the interval. ( If f is defined only on one side of an endpoint of the interval, we
understand continuous at the endpoint to mean continuous from the right or from
the left.)

Thm 1: If f and g are continuous at a and c is a constant, then the following


functions are also continuous at a :

f
f ± g, cf, f g, if g(a) ̸= 0
g
1
Thm 2: The following types of functions are continuous at every number in their
domains:
1. Polynomials, all reals
2. Rationals P (x)
Q(x) , where Q(x) ̸= 0
3. Root functions
4. y = sin x and y = cos x are continuous for all real numbers
5. y = bx (b > 0, b ̸= 1) is continuous for all real numbers
6. logb x(b > 0, b ̸= 1) is continuous for all x > 0

Thm 3: If f is continuous on a interval I with range R, and f −1 exists, then f −1


is continuous with domain R.

Thm 4: If g is continuous at a and f is continuous at g(a), then the composite


function f ◦ g given by (f ◦ g)(x) = f (g(x)) is continuous at a.

Substitution: Evaluating Limits Using Continuity. When the function in question


is known to be continuous, then the limit can be found by substitution, i.e.
lim f (x) = f (a).
x→a

EX: Find the limits.

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