Linux Commands
The Linux command is a utility of the Linux operating system. All basic and advanced tasks can be done by
executing commands. The commands are executed on the Linux terminal. The terminal is a command-line
interface to interact with the system, which is similar to the command prompt in the Windows OS. Commands
in Linux are case-sensitive.
Linux terminal is a user-friendly terminal as it provides various support options. To open the Linux terminal,
press "CTRL + ALT + T" keys together, and execute a command by pressing the 'ENTER' key.
Linux Directory Commands
1. pwd Command
The pwd command is used to display the location of the current working directory.
Syntax:
pwd
Output:
2. mkdir Command
The mkdir command is used to create a new directory under any directory.
Syntax:
mkdir <directory name>
Output:
3. rmdir Command
The rmdir command is used to delete a directory.
Syntax:
rmdir <directory name>
Output:
4. ls Command
The ls command is used to display a list of content of a directory.
Syntax:
ls
Output:
5. cd Command
The cd command is used to change the current directory.
Syntax:
1. cd <directory name>
Output:
Linux File commands
6. touch Command
The touch command is used to create empty files. We can create multiple empty files by
executing it once.
Syntax:
1. touch <file name>
2. touch <file1> <file2> ....
Output:
7. cat Command
The cat command is a multi-purpose utility in the Linux system. It can be used to create a
file, display content of the file, copy the content of one file to another file, and more.
Syntax:
cat [OPTION]... [FILE]..
To create a file, execute it as follows:
cat > <file name>
// Enter file content
Press "CTRL+ D" keys to save the file. To display the content of the file, execute it as
follows:
cat <file name>
Output:
8. rm Command
The rm command is used to remove a file.
Syntax:
rm <file name>
Output:
9. cp Command
The cp command is used to copy a file or directory.
Syntax:
To copy in the same directory:
cp <existing file name> <new file name>
To copy in a different directory:
Output:
To copy in a different directory:
cp <existing file name> <directory path>
Output:
10. mv Command
The mv command is used to move a file or a directory form one location to another
location.
Syntax:
mv <file name> <directory path>
Output:
use the following syntax to rename a file in Linux with the mv command:
mv old_filename.txt new_filename.txt
Linux File Content Commands
11. head Command
The head command is used to display the content of a file. It displays the first 10 lines of a
file.
Syntax:
head <file name>
Output:
12. tail Command
The tail command is similar to the head command. The difference between both
commands is that it displays the last ten lines of the file content.
Syntax:
tail <file name>
Output:
13. tac Command
The tac command is the reverse of cat command, as its name specified. It displays the file
content in reverse order (from the last line).
Syntax:
1. tac <file name>
Output:
Linux User Commands
14. su Command
The su command provides administrative access to another user. In other words, it allows
access of the Linux shell to another user.
Syntax:
su <user name>
Output:
15. useradd Command
The useradd command is used to add or remove a user on a Linux server.
Syntax:
useradd username
Output:
16. passwd Command
The passwd command is used to create and change the password for a user.
Syntax:
passwd <username>
Output:
17. userdel command
To delete a user, use the userdel command:
userdel username
18. clear command
The clear command is a standard command to clear the terminal screen.
19. man command
The man command displays a user manual for any commands or utilities
available in the Terminal, including their name, description, and options.
Command to view the full manual:
man <command name>
For example, suppose you want to look up the manual for the ls command:
man ls
20. echo command
echo command in Linux is specially used to print something in the terminal
