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FM Modulation

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Azharul Islam
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11 views

FM Modulation

Uploaded by

Azharul Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment Name: FM Modulation.

Objective

To understand the principle of frequency modulation. Also, to understand the

waveforms of modulated signals Moreover, design a frequency modulator and using

MATLAB “Simulink”.

Introduction

In a communication system, it is often that one has to send a speech/video signal of

lower frequency content. It is very difficult to transmit the signal at a low frequency

through the medium. Hence the signal is modified to a high-frequency signal so that

it can be sent through the medium. When the signal is modified on the receiver’s end

it can be sent through the medium. As the receiver on receiving the signal applies

demodulation techniques to get the message signal. One such method is frequency

modulation. Let the message signal be m(t).

We define a frequency modulated signal,

𝑥(𝑡) = cos⁡(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 + 𝑘 ∫ 𝑚(𝑡) ⁡𝑑𝑡) ).

𝑓𝑐 is the carrier frequency. K is constant.


Theory

Phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM) are special cases of angle-

modulated signaling. FM is a process in which the carrier frequency is varied by the

amplitude of the modulating signal (i.e., intelligence signal). Angle modulated signal

can be expressed by the following equation: 𝑠(𝑡) = ⁡ 𝐴𝑐 cos[2𝜋⁡𝑓𝑐 ⁡𝑡⁡ + ⁡𝜃(𝑡)]

For FM, the phase is proportional to the integral of message signal m(t), therefore

𝑥(𝑡) = cos⁡(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 + 𝑘 ∫ 𝑚(𝑡) ⁡𝑑𝑡) ).

Figure 1: Frequency modulation waveform

Frequency demodulator, also called frequency discriminator, is a circuit, which


converts instantaneous frequency variations to linear voltage changes. There are
many types of circuits used in communication systems such as FM to AM
conversion, phase-shift discriminators and phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency
demodulator.
Simulink Diagram

Parameters: Message Signal: frequency = 2*pi*1, Sample Time= 0.0001 Gain1=


1
20 and 10, Constant= 2*pi*10 Integrator= , Trigonometric Function is “Cos”
𝑠

Output:
Output:

CONCLUSION AND OBSERVATION

To sum up, this experiment was to study the function of frequency modulation . As

we know the modulated signal is the encoding of information in a carrier wave by

varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave.

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