Features of Cloud Computing

• Scalability and on-demand services

• User-centric interface

• Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS)

• Autonomous system

• Pricing
 Essential Cloud Characteristics
• On-demand self-service
– Get computing capabilities as needed
automatically
• Broad network access
– Services available over the net using
desktop, laptop, PDA, mobile phone

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 Essential Cloud Characteristics (Cont.)

• Resource pooling
– Location independence
– Provider resources pooled to server multiple clients
• Rapid elasticity
– Ability to quickly scale in/out service
• Measured service
– control, optimize services based on metering

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 The NIST Cloud Definition Framework
Hybrid Clouds
Deployment
Models Private Community
Public Cloud
Cloud Cloud

Service Software as a Platform as a Infrastructure as a

Models Service (SaaS) Service (PaaS) Service (IaaS)

On Demand Self-Service
Essential
Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity
Characteristics
Resource Pooling Measured Service

Massive Scale Resilient Computing

Common Homogeneity Geographic Distribution

Characteristics Virtualization Service Orientation
Low Cost Software Advanced Security 10
 Cloud Deployment Models
• Private cloud
– single org only,
– managed by the org or a 3rd party,
– on or off premise
• Community cloud
– shared infrastructure for specific community
– several orgs that have shared concerns,
– managed by org or a 3rd party

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 Cloud Deployment Models (Cont.)
• Public cloud
– Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure
– available to the general public
• Hybrid cloud
– composition of two or more clouds
– bound by standard or proprietary technology
– Fog technology

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 Need for fog computing
• Why can’t do all in cloud?
– Cloud computing frees the end user from many
details.
– This bliss becomes a problem for latency-sensitive
applications.

• Why can’t do all in end systems?

– Physical constraints: Energy, space, etc.,
 Cloud Service Model

Traditional Infrastructure Platform Software

On-Premises as a Service as a Service as a Service

Applications Applications Applications Applications

Data Data Data Data
Runtime Runtime Runtime Runtime
Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware
O/S O/S O/S O/S
Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization
Servers Servers Servers Servers
Storage Storage Storage Storage
Networking Networking Networking Networking

Standardization; OPEX savings; faster time to value

Vendor Manages in Cloud Client Manages

middleware
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Hardware is virtualized in the cloud
• The service vendor owns the equipment: servers, storage, network
infrastructure, and so forth.
• The developer creates virtual hardware on which to develop
applications and services
• The developer interacts with the IaaS model to create virtual
private servers, virtual private storage, virtual private networks, and
so on.
• populates these virtual systems with the applications and services it
needs to complete its solution.
• the virtualized resources are mapped to real systems
• When the client interacts with an IaaS service and requests
resources from the virtual systems, those requests are redirected to
the real servers that do the actual work.
The cloud computing ecosystem
 IaaS workloads
• The fundamental unit of virtualized client in an IaaS deployment

• simulates the ability of a certain type of real or physical server to do

an amount of work

• work done can be measured by the number of Transactions Per

Minute (TPM)

• workload has certain other attributes such as Disk I/Os measured in

Input/Output Per Second (IOPS), the amount of RAM consumed
under load in MB, network throughput and latency, and so forth
 Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Lower computer costs:
– You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer
to run cloud computing's web-based applications.
– Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC,
your desktop PC does not need the processing power or hard
disk space demanded by traditional desktop software.
– When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be
less expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more
efficient processor...
– In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or
DVD drive, as no software programs have to be loaded and
no document files need to be saved.

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 Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Improved performance:
– With few large programs hogging your computer's
memory, you will see better performance from your PC.
– Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run
faster because they have fewer programs and processes
loaded into memory…
• Reduced software costs:
– Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you
can get most of what you need for free!
• most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs suite.
– better than paying for similar commercial software
• which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.

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 Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Instant software updates:
– Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced
with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.
– When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically
• available the next time you log into the cloud.
– When you access a web-based application, you get the latest version
• without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.

• Improved document format compatibility.

– You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your
machine being compatible with other users' applications or OSes
– There are potentially no format incompatibilities when everyone is
sharing documents and applications in the cloud.

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 Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Unlimited storage capacity:
– Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
– Your computer's current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small
compared to the hundreds of Pbytes available in the cloud.
• Increased data reliability:
– Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes
and destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in
the cloud should not affect the storage of your data.
• if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out there in
the cloud, still accessible
– In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up
their data on a regular basis, cloud computing is a data-
safe computing platform!

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 Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Universal document access:
– That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you
do not take your documents with you.
– Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them
whenever you have a computer and an Internet connection
– Documents are instantly available from wherever you are
• Latest version availability:
– When you edit a document at home, that edited version is
what you see when you access the document at work.
– The cloud always hosts the latest version of your documents
• as long as you are connected, you are not in danger of having an outdated
version

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 Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Easier group collaboration:
– Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.
– Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud
computing
• multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects
• Device independence.
– You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.
– Changes to computers, applications and documents follow
you through the cloud.
– Move to a portable device, and your applications and
documents are still available.

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 Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
• Requires a constant Internet connection:
– Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the
Internet.
– Since you use the Internet to connect to both your
applications and documents, if you do not have an Internet
connection you cannot access anything, even your own
documents.
– A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas
where Internet connections are few or inherently
unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.

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