INDEX

S.NO. CHAPTER CATEGORY

01 Sources of food BIOLOGY
02 Components of food BIOLOGY
03 Fibre to Fabric CHEMISTRY
04 Sorting materials into groups CHEMISTRY
05 Separation of substances CHEMISTRY
06 Changes Around Us CHEMISTRY
07 The living and the non - living BIOLOGY
08 Getting to know plants BIOLOGY
09 Body movements BIOLOGY
10 The living organisms and their surroundings BIOLOGY
11 Motion and measurement of distances PHYSICS
12 Light, shadows and Reflections PHYSICS
13 Electricity and circuits PHYSICS
14 Magnetism PHYSICS
15 Water CHEMISTRY
16 Air Around Us CHEMISTRY
17 Garbage In, Garbage Out CHEMISTRY
CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 1. SOURCES OF FOOD CATEGORY: BIOLOGY
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A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1. What are the ingredients used to cook food?
Rice and water
2. How is a scavenger useful for the environment?
Scavengers eat the flesh of dead animals thus help keep the Earth clean.
3. How are the teeth of carnivores different from those of herbivores?
Carnivores have sharp and pointed canines to tear the flesh while herbivores have wide and blunt teeth which are
suitable for grazing and grinding.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ.
1. Name two plants whose flowers are eaten as vegetable.
Cauliflower and broccoli
2. Name a parasite that lives inside an animal’s body.
Tapeworm

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. What are the materials needed to prepare food items called?
Ingredients
2. What are the animals that eat only plants called?
Herbivores
3. Name to edible underground stems.
Potato and onion
4. Why do we need food?
We need food to get energy, to work and to get nutrients that help in the growth and maintenance of our body.

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. What is apiculture?
The rearing of honeybees on a large scale is called apiculture.
2. What are decomposers? Give two examples of decomposers.
The organisms that feed on dead animals and plants and decompose them are called decomposers. Fungi and bacteria
are examples of decomposers.
3. How are scavengers and decomposers useful to us?
Scavengers eat the dead bodies of plants and animals. Decomposers decompose the remains. In this way, they help to
keep the earth clean. Without these organisms, our planet would be a heap of dead plants and animals.
4. How do the parasites living inside the host’s body get their food?
The parasites like tapeworm and roundworm that live inside the bodies of animals, absorb the food digested by the
host.
5. Define carnivores.
Animals that only eat the flesh of other animals are called carnivores.
6. Honeybees work hard to collect nectar from flowers.
(a) Why do honeybees collect nectar?
Honeybees collect nectar to prepare honey.
(b) What value do you learn from honeybees?
We learn to work hard from honeybees.

E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. How will you sprout seeds?
To sprout seeds, take some seeds like moong or gram seeds in a container filled with water and leave it for a day. Next
day, drain out the water completely. Wrap the seeds in a piece of cotton cloth and keep them aside. After a day, we
observe that small white structures grow out of the seeds. These seeds are called sprouted seeds.
2. Distinguish between (a) herbivores and carnivores (b) scavengers
and decomposers.
(a) Animals that only eat plants and plant products are called herbivores. Cow, goat, sheep, etc., are examples of
herbivores. Animals that eat flesh of other animals are called carnivores. Lion, tiger, leopard, etc., are examples of
carnivores.
(b) Scavengers are animals that eat the flesh of dead animals.
Jackals, hyenas and vultures are examples of scavengers.
Some living organisms in nature, like fungi and bacteria feed on dead
plants and animals and decompose them. These are called
decomposers.
3. What is a food chain? Explain.
Food chain is a series of organisms linked together by the process of eating and being eaten for food. All food chains
start with green plants. Plants are the only organisms on the earth that trap solar energy and make their food through
photosynthesis. Plant-eating animals (herbivores) get energy by eating the green plants, which in turn are eaten by
flesh-eating animals (carnivores). This feeding relationship among animals is shown by a food chain. Thus, a food
chain consists of a series of animals through which energy flows. A simple food chain is given below:
Producer → Primary consumer → Secondary consumer → Tertiary consumer

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1. Radhika loves to eat chicken biriyani at her favourite restaurant but she could not resist eating special
paneer stuffed chhole bhature from the same restaurant. what type of food habit does Radhika have?
Radhika is an omnivore.
2. Deer are herbivores but bears are omnivores. Why.?
Deer eats only plants and plant products thus, they are herbivores while bears eat both plant products and flesh of
other animals thus, they are called omnivores.
3. Can a food chain start from deer? Why?
No, a food chain always starts from plants because plants are the only organisms on the earth that can trap solar
energy to make their food. This energy gets transferred to the animals directly or indirectly as food.
4. Your mother makes food in the kitchen. Is she a producer? Why / Why not?
Producers are the organisms that prepare their own food by trapping solar energy. Green plants are called producers
because they trap the energy of the sun and prepare food from carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll through the
process of photosynthesis. Your mother is not a producer because she does not make food by own. She uses many
ingredients that are obtained from plants and animals and cook food.

THE END
CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 2. COMPONENTS OF FOOD CATEGORY: BIOLOGY
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A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1. Why are vitamins important for us?
Vitamins are required in small quantities for normal functioning of our body. They protect us from various diseases.
2. How does a person become obese?
Overeating of fat-rich foods and lack of physical activities make a person obese
3. What is kwashiorkor?
The deficiency of proteins in diet leads to a disease called kwashiorkor.
4. Why do we need to include roughage in our diet?
We need to include roughage in our diet because it adds bulk to the food. This helps our body to absorb a great
amount of water and helps retain water in the body.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ
1. Name two foods rich in carbohydrates.
Potato and wheat
2. Which disease is caused due to the lack of proteins in children?
Kwashiorkor
3. Which deficiency is caused due to deficiency of iron?
Anaemia
4. Which vitamin is essential for normal clotting of blood?
Vitamin k

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. Name two food items that are rich in (a) iron (b) calcium
(a). Green leafy vegetables and nuts are rich in iron (b). Milk and eggs are rich in calcium
2. Name two sources of roughage
Raw vegetables and fruits are sources of Roughage
3. Which mineral is vital for bones and teeth’s
Calcium and Phosphorous
4. Which component of food plays an important role as a solvent in the transport of minerals, digestion of food
and excretion of waste products?
Water
5. Why should we avoid fat-rich foods ?
We should avoid fat-rich foods because overeating of fat-rich foods leads to obesity

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. How do we get most of the water needed by our body?
Most of the water needed by our body comes from plain drinking water and beverages like tea and coffee. We also get
some water from the food items like fruits, vegetables, meat and fish.
2. Give two cooking practices that lead to the loss of nutrients in food materials.
(i) If cooking is done in excess of water and the water is thrown away after cooking, many
water-soluble vitamins and minerals are lost.
(ii) If cooking is done at high temperature, many proteins and vitamins are destroyed.
3. Differentiate between the two types of carbohydrates found in our food?
The two types of carbohydrates found in our food are sugars and starch. Sugars are simple carbohydrates and found in
the form of glucose and fructose. They have a sweet taste. They provide instant energy. Starch is a complex
carbohydrate. It is the reserve food material of plants. Pure starch is a tasteless and odourless white powder. It
provides energy comparatively slowly than sugars.
4. Define balanced diet. Is it the same for every person? Why / why not?
Balanced diet is the diet that contains adequate amount of all the essential nutrients, roughage and water for the proper
growth and development of the body. It is not same for every person. It depends on sex and age of the person,
occupation (type of work done) and special needs (like during pregnancy).
5. One day, Rohan’s maid brings her 1-year old son, Monu, with her. Rohan finds that Monu has sunken eyes,
dry and wrinkled skin, a very thin body. He requests his mother to give him some milk and eggs.
(a). Which diseases do you think Monu is suffering from?
Monu is suffering from marasmus.
(b). What value is displayed by Rohan’s actions ?
Rohan's action shows humanity and kindness.
6. Why is Roughage important for us?
Roughage is fibrous, indigestible material that adds bulk to the food. This helps our body to get rid of undigested food
and thereby prevents constipation. Roughage can absorb a great amount of water and helps retain water in the body.
7. (a) a child suffering from kwashiorkor
Protein
(b) a person suffering from scurvy
Vitamin C
(c) a person suffering from rickets
Vitamin D
(d) a person suffering from anaemia.
Iron
8. Why do we need to take dietary iodine? Iodine is essential for the formation of thyroxine hormone (secreted by
thyroid gland) which controls physical, mental and sexual development of body. Lack of iodine in diet causes goitre
(abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland), retarded growth and mental disability.
E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS.
1. What are the symptoms of marasmus?
The symptoms of marasmus are as follows:
(a) Body becomes very lean and thin and so weak that the child may not be able to move.
(b) Skin becomes dry, thin and wrinkled.
(c) Ribs become very prominent.
(d) Sunken eyes
(e) Unable to digest and absorb food and ay suffer from diarrhoea
2. What is obesity? What are its causes?
The overeating of fat-rich foods leads to an overweight condition. This condition is called obesity. Junk foods like
burgers, chips and soft drinks contain large amount of fats and sugars. Due to lack of physical activity, fats get
accumulated in the body and cause obesity. Obesity may cause various cardiovascular diseases, like hypertension and
arteriosclerosis.
3. What are deficiency diseases? Name three deficiency diseases and also write their causes and symptoms.
Diseases that are caused due to the lack of nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, mineral and vitamins) in our diet
are called deficiency diseases.
S.No. Deficiency Diseases Causes Symptoms
1 Rickets Lack of vitamin D Softened and bent
bones, bowed legs
due to malformation
of leg bones, pain in
bones
2 Night Blindness Lack of vitamin A A Poor vision and
loss of vision in
darkness (night)
3 Anaemia Lack of Iron Weakness and
fatigue, loss of
weight, pale skin,
loss of appetite

4. (a) Why is water important in our diet?

Water is the most important constituent of food. Our body contains about 70% water by weight. Water is needed by
our body to perform many vital functions. These are—
(i) It regulates the temperature of our body by sweating.
(ii) It transports substances and nutrients inside our body.
(iii) It acts as an important medium where most chemical reactions, occurring in the body, take place.
(iv) It helps our body absorb nutrients from the food we eat.
(b) If a child is suffering from rickets, which part of the body is affected?
In rickets, the bones of child are affected.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1. The neck of a person appears to be swollen. Name the deficiency diseases he/she is suffering from .What is
the cause of this disease?
He/she is suffering from goitre. The lack of iodine in diet causes this disease.
2. If a person has spongy and bleeding gums, general weakness and pain in the muscles, which deficiency
disease is he/she suffering from? What is the cause of this disease?
He is suffering from scurvy. The lack of vitamin C in diet causes this disease.
3. Dietary fibres and water are the food components that do not give us energy but are essential for our diet
.why?
Dietary fibres and water are not food components but they are essential for our diet due to following reasons:
(i) Roughage adds bulk to our diet and helps to get rid of undigested food and thereby prevents constipation. It can
also absorb great amount of water and helps retain water in the body.
(ii) Water is the most important constituent of our food. Our body contains 70% water by weight. Water is needed by
our body to perform various vital functions, like transportation of nutrients, temperature regulation, etc. The loss of
water in the body causes dehydration.

THE END
 CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 3. FIBRE TO FABRIC CATEGORY: CHEMISTRY
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A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1. Why did people in earlier days used to wear unstitched clothes ?
Earlier, stitching was not known. Women used to wear sari and Men used to wear dhoti. These clothes were just
wrapped around the body
2. Why did early humans cover themselves with leaves and animal skins ?
The early humans did not know much about clothes. It is said that during those days, people used the bark of trees and
large leaves to cover themselves from cold and heat.
3. What advantages cotton clothes have over synthetic clothes ?
Cotton clothes are comfortable in hot and humid conditions because they are soft to touch, absorb sweat and let air in.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ
1. Name the types of fibres
Answer:

2. What type of climate soil and climate is good for growing cotton ?
Black soil and Warm Climate
3. Which traditional device was used by Mahatma Gandhi for making thread or yarn ?
Charkha

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. Name two natural fibres obtained from (a) plants (b) animals
Natural fibres from plants – Cotton, Jute
Natural fibres from animals – wool, Silk
2. Name two mixed fibres
Terry wool and Terry silk are examples of mixed fibres
3. Name two devices for making fabrics from yarn
Handloom and powerloom
4. What is handloom ?
The process of arranging two sets of yarn together to make a fabric on a small scale is called handloom
5. Define ginning.
The cotton fibres are separated from their seeds by the process called ginning.

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. Why do we wear clothes ?
We wear clothes to protect our body from different weather conditions like heat, cold and rain. We wear different types
of clothes according to climate, occupation, culture, tradition and daily needs.
2. Classify the following fibres into natural and synthetic : nylon, , cotton, silk, polyester ,jute
Natural fibres - wool, cotton, silk, jute
Synthetic fibres - nylon, polyester wool
3. From which parts of the plant ,are cotton and jute obtained?
Cotton is obtained from the seeds of cotton plant. Jute is obtained from the stems of jute plant.
4. How are fibres classified? Give two examples of each?
Fibres are classified according to their sources. They are of three types:
}
(i) Natural fibres Plant fibres (examples : cotton, jute)
Animal fibres (examples : wool, silk)
(ii) Mixed fibres (examples : terry silk, terry wool)
(iii) Fibres Synthetic fibres (examples : nylon, polyester)
5. Name the fibres used for making blanket.
Wool
E. LONG ANSWERS
1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of natural fabrics.
Advantages of natural fabrics:-
(a) These fabrics absorb more water and sweat.
(b) They allow air to pass through them.
(c) They are biodegradable and do not affect the environment.
Disadvantages of natural fabrics:-
(a) They do not retain their crease for long.
(b) They may shrink on ordinary washing.
(c) They can easily be attacked by moths and moulds.
(d) They do not dry rapidly.
(e) Natural silk is very expensive and not easily affordable.
2. How do you obtain jute fibres from their plants? Explain?
Jute is a plant fibre obtained from the stem of the jute plant. For obtaining jute, the plants are cut during the flowering
stage. This is because good quality jute is obtained from young stem otherwise the stem becomes very hard and it is
difficult to remove fibres from it. After harvesting, the stalks of the plant are tied into bundles and left in stagnant water.
In stagnant water, bacteria grow easily and they eat the sticky matter that hold the fibres. This process is called retting.
When the stems rot, the fibres are separated by hands and then dried under the Sun. After drying, they are tied into small
bundles and sent to the mills. These fibres are then spun and woven into fabrics at the mills .
3. Discuss the uses of jute.
Jute is the second most important fibre after cotton. It is used in following ways—
(a) It is used for making gunny bags or sacks.
(b) High quality jute is woven into curtains, carpets, chair coverings and packing for linoleum.
(c) Shopping bags, table mats, jute beads and jewellery are also made up of jute.
(d) Jute bags are extensively used in packing cereals like wheat, jowar and maize.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1.Radhika on a very cold day , took 3 blankets to keep her warm whereas her brother ,Raghav ,took only one
thick blanket with thickness equal to 3 blankets. who will get more warmth and why?
Radhika will get more warmth. The three blankets trap layers of air between them. Air is poor conductor of heat which
prevents the easy conduction of heat as compared to a single thick blanket.

2. Mansi is planning to visit Jaipur and Jodhpur during her summer vacation. What should she keep with her –
nylon leggings or cotton pants with kurtas ? why?
Cotton pants with kurtas Cotton fabrics are comfortable in summer because they absorb
more sweat and allow air to pass through them.

THE END
 CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 4. SORTING MATERIALS INTO GROUPS CATEGORY: CHEMISTRY
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A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1.On what basis do we classify objects?
We classify objects on the basis of certain similarities and dissimilarities.
2. What is the importance of oxygen dissolved in water?
The oxygen dissolved in water is used by aquatic plants and animals.
3. Gold and silver are used to make jewellery. Give reason.
Gold and silver are used to make jewellery due to their lustrous nature.
4. Why is a tumbler not made with a piece of cloth?
Tumbler is not made with a piece of cloth because it is used to keep water and a cloth tumbler cannot retain water

B. SCIENCE QUIZ.
1.Name two natural and two human- made materials .
Natural materials – wood, gold
Human-made materials – plastic, steel
2. Name two translucent materials.
Grounded glass, tissue paper
3.Name two liquids which are miscible in water.
Glycerine and vinegar

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1.Name any two transparent objects.
Water and glass
2.Name two materials which do not have lustre.
wood and plastic
4. Name two hard and two soft objects.
Iron and copper are hard materials while sponge and melted wax are
soft materials

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. a) What are the three physical states of materials? b) Give any two differences between these states.
a) The three physical states of materials are solid , liquid , gas .
b ) Differences in solids, liquids and gas

Parameters Solid Liquid Gas

Shape and Volume Solids have definite shape Liquids do not have Gases do not have definite
and fixed volume definite shape but have shape and fixed volume.
fixed volume.
Packing The molecules of Liquid molecules are less Gas molecules are very
solids are closely packed. closely packed with loosely packed.
respect to solids.

2. (a)What are materials?

Materials are substances that are used in making different objects. All the objects
are made of one or more kinds of materials.
(b) What are the different types of materials?
Materials are of two types: natural and human-made. The materials that are obtained from nature are known as natural
materials. For example, wood. The materials which do not occur in nature, but are made by humans by combining
two or more materials are called human-made materials. For example, plastic.
3.Classify the following into lustrous and non- lustrous materials : gold chain , plastic bottle ,cotton shirt and
aluminium rod.
Lustrous materials: gold chain, aluminium rod
Non-lustrous materials: plastic bottle, cotton shirt
4.Classify the following into Hard and Soft materials : diamond , wax ,brick and tomato.
Hard materials: diamond, brick
Soft materials: tomato, wax
5. We put some sugar in a glass of water and stir. After sometime it disappears.
5. (a) Why did sugar disappear in water?
Sugar disappeared in water because it is soluble in water
(b) What do we learn from this property of sugar which gets mixed in water?
We learn to mix, i.e., live in harmony with the people around us irrespective of their religion, caste and social status.

E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. What are the advantages of classification of objects?
We classify objects around us because it has the following advantages:
(a) Classification helps in systematic study of objects.
(b) It helps in identifying and locating things.
(c) It helps to study the properties of objects of one category and also observe any pattern in these properties.
(d) It helps us to know how the members of a group differ from the other groups.
2. How can you find whether a material is lustrous or non- lustrous?
In science the shiny appearance is indicated by the term lustre .If you observe a gold chain ,it has a shiny appearance.
So, gold is said to have lustre the other hand if we look at a piece of plastic, it does not have a shiny appearance, thus it
does not have lustre. All the metals like gold ,silver, copper, aluminium and iron have shiny appearance and they are
lustrous materials. Some metals lose their shine and appear dull due to the action of air and moisture . We can check the
lustrous and non – lustrous materials by observing their freshly cut surfaces and by rubbing the surface with sandpaper.
3.a)What are translucent materials? Give two examples.
The materials through which we can see the objects partially are called
translucent materials. Grounded glass and tissue paper are translucent materials
(b) What is meant by opaqueness ? Explain with examples.
The materials through which we cannot see the objects clearly are called opaque
materials and this property of materials is called opaqueness. Book and wood are
examples of opaque substances because we cannot see through these
substances.
4. (a) What are miscible and immiscible liquids?
The liquid substances that get completely mixed with water are called miscible
liquids and the liquid substances that do not mix with water and form a separate
layer is called immiscible liquids.
(b) Is it possible to dissolve gases in water ? if yes give an example.
Yes, some gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide can be dissolved in water.
These are called soluble gases. Some other gases like nitrogen, hydrogen and
methane does not dissolve in water. They are called insoluble gases

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTION

1.Why are the glasses of the car sometimes coloured?
Coloured glass is a translucent material through which we can see the objects partially. The coloured glass of car does
not allow the person standing outside to see the persons inside clearly.
2. Why are the handles of cooking utensils made up of hard plastic or wood?
The handles of cooking utensils are made up of hard plastic or wood because
these materials are insulators of heat. The hard plastic cannot melt easily by heat.
3. Why do solids, liquids and gases have different properties?
Solids, liquids and gases are three physical states of materials so they have
different properties.

THE END
 CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 5. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES CATEGORY: CHEMISTRY
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A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1.Why do we need to separate different components of a mixture?
We need to separate different components of a mixture either to remove undesirable and harmful substances or to obtain
useful components.
2. What are immiscible liquids? Give two examples.
Liquids which do not mix and form separate layers are called immiscible liquids.
Examples – Water and kerosene Water and mustard oil
3. What is meant by filtrate?
The clear liquid obtained after filtration is called filtrate.
4.What is meant by residue?
The insoluble solid which remains on the filter paper during filtration is called residue.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ.
1. Name the method which is used to obtain a solid substance that is dissolved in a liquid.
Evaporation
2. How do we get water from a salt solution?
We get water from salt solution through evaporation followed by condensation or through distillation.
3. Give the names of the chemical substance which is used for quick settling down of fine
particles of impurities.
Alum
4. Name two heterogeneous mixture.
Mixture of water and oil and mixture of chalk in water are examples of heterogeneous mixture.

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Which method is used to separate grains from stalk ?
Threshing
2. Give one example from our daily life where the process of sedimentation and decantation are used.
Cleaning of muddy water
3. Name any two-process used to separate soluble components from a mixture
Evaporation and Condensation
4. Name the method by which we can separate seeds and pulp from the fruit juice
Filtration
5. What is meant by condensation ?
The process of changing vapour into liquid state on cooling is called condensation
6. What are the two types of mixture
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixture

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1.a)Why is water called the universal solvent?
Water is termed as a universal solvent because it can dissolve many substances.
b) Define solubility? How can it be increased in water ?
There extent to which a substance gets dissolved in a liquid is called its solubility. The solubility of a solid solute
increases with the rise in temperature. The solubility of gases get affected by change in temperature and pressure.
2. Define the terms a) sedimentation b) decantation
a)The process of settling down of heavier insoluble particles at the bottom of a liquid is called sedimentation.
b)The process of pouring out a clear liquid from a vessel (after sedimentation) without disturbing the sediments (heavy,
insoluble settled particles) is called decantation.
3. Can water dissolve any amount of a substance .Explain .
No, water cannot dissolve any amount of a substance .Different substances dissolved to
different extent in water at a given temperature .
4. What is loading?
The process of increasing the rate of sedimentation in a suspension by adding some chemicals to it, is called loading.
Loading makes the rate of sedimentation faster.

5. What is the difference between filtrate and residue.?

After filtration, the clear liquid that passes through the filter paper and collects in the beaker kept below the funnel is
called filtrate. The particles that cannot pass through the filter paper and remain behind on the filter paper are called
residue

E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. a)How will you separate the following mustard :seeds and common salt, chalk
powder and water, sand and water ,grains and stones?
b) How is fine sand separated from large particles? Explain.
(a) (i) Mustard seeds and common salt are separated by sieving.
(ii) Chalk powder and water are separated by sedimentation and decantation.
(iii) Sand and water are separated by sedimentation and decantation.
(iv) Grains and stones are separated by hand-picking.

b)Fine sand is separated from larger particles through sieving. When the components of a mixture are of different sizes,
a sieve can be used to separate them. A sieve is a shallow vessel that has small holes. The size of the holes in the sieve
depends on the size of components to be separated.
2. How will you obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water?
We can obtain clear water from muddy water by filtration
Things needed : Muddy water, filter paper, glass rod, iron stand, funnel, two beakers
Method : Take some muddy water in a beaker. Now, take a circular piece of filter paper and fold it twice. Open it out to
make a cone. Place this filter paper cone in a funnel. Now, clamp the funnel containing the filter paper on an iron stand.
Keep an empty beaker below the funnel. Pour the muddy water slowly into the cone, using a glass rod.
Observation: The clear water passes through the filter paper and collects in the beaker kept below the funnel. The clear
liquid obtained is called filtrate. Take out the filter paper cone and open it out. Mud particles can be seen on the filter
paper. This is called residue.In filtration, the mud particles (bigger in size) cannot pass through the filter paper and
remain behind on the filter paper.

3) what happens if a saturated solution of a substance and water is. (a) heated (b)cooled?
The solubility of a saturated solution increases with the rise of temperature. This means, by heating we can dissolve
more solution in a saturated solution.
(b) when the saturated solution of a substance is cooled ,the solubility of the substance decreases and some of the
dissolved substances separates in the form of crystals.
4. (a)Why do we need to separate substances from a mixture?
Separation of substances from a mixture is often necessary for the removal of harmful and undesirable substances and to
obtain useful components.
(b) Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with examples.
Homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the constituents are uniformly distributed and part of the mixture has the
same properties. For example, salt dissolves in water to form a homogeneous mixture. Particles of salt and water are
uniformly distributed and each part of the mixture has the same properties. Heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in
which the constituents do not get mixed uniformly and each part of the mixture has different properties. For example,
sand and sawdust form a heterogeneous mixture. Each part of the mixture has different properties.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1. Your mother wants to remove pieces of wheat grains from a large quantity of flour. Find out, how she can do
that quickly.
Sieving .
2. Ruchika’s mother went to market to buy fruits and vegetables. Which method did she use to select the best
vegetables and fruits in the market?
Yes, a farmer can use a pedestal fan to do winnowing. Pedestal fan increases the rate of
winnowing.

THE END
 CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 6. CHANGES AROUND US CATEGORY: CHEMISTRY
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A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1. Name any five natural and five human-made changes around us
Natural Changes Around Us – (i) formations of clouds (ii) weathering of rocks (iii) formation of glaciers (iv) ripening
of fruits (v) occurrence of day and night
Human-made Changes Around Us – (i) cooking of food (ii) weaving of cloth (iii) dissolving of sugar in water (iv)
burning of oil (v) production of food grains
2. What happens to the size of a material when it is (a) heated (b) cooled ?
There are many materials that expand (i.e., increase in size) on heating and contract (i.e., decrease in size) on cooling.
3.Give two example of irreversible changes take place due to heating.
(i) Cooking of food (ii) Burning of paper

B. SCIENCE QUIZ
1. Is the grinding of grains into flour, a reversible or an irreversible change ?
Grinding of grains into flour is an irreversible change.
2. Name one metal which expands on heating and contracts on cooling ?
Iron
3. Name two brittle substances
Biscuit
4. Name the type of change in which new substances are formed
Chemical Change

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What kind of change is burning of paper ?
Chemical change.
2. What happens when an aluminium rod is heated ?
When an aluminium rod is heated it expands.
3. What happens on cooling of steam ?
On cooling of steam it changes into water.
4. What type of change is melting of wax ?
Melting of wax is irreversible change.
5. Is the formation of day and night, a natural or human-made change ?
The formation of day and night is a natural change

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What are reversible changes ?
The changes that can be reversed easily by reversing the conditions to obtain a substance in its original form are called
reversible changes.
2. What are irreversible changes?
The changes that cannot be reversed even by changing the conditions to obtain a substance back in its original form are
called irreversible changes.
3. Can we get the vegetables back from the soup? What type of changes does it represent?
No, we cannot get the vegetables back from the soup. It represents an irreversible change.

4.What are different ways to bring about changes?

The different ways to bring changes are heating, cooling, applying pressure and mixing of substances.
5.What change do you observe on keeping milk in refrigerator?
The milk kept in refrigerator becomes cold after some time. If milk is kept in freezer of refrigerator, then it is converted
into frozen milk (solid). Both the changes are physical changes. In first case, the change occurs due to change in
temperature while in second case the change occurs due change in temperature as well as state of matter.
6.Classify the following as reversible or irreversible changes: Burning of coal , digestion of food , baking of a
chapatti and rusting of iron, Freezing of water , ironing of shirt ,knitting of sweater and folding of paper
Burning of coal , digestion of food , baking of a chapatti and rusting of iron are
irreversible changes.
Freezing of water , ironing of shirt ,knitting of sweater and folding of paper are reversible
changes.
E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. 1. Explain how heating or cooling of water brings changes in the state of matter.
Heating and cooling of water brings changes in their states .on heating water changes to steam .This process is called
evaporation. On heating , the kinetic energy of water molecules increases. Due to increase in kinetic energy ,the particles
start vibrating with greater speed .As the temperature is further increased , the energy supplied in form of heat
overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles .At this stage, the particles leave their original position and start
moving fast and thus water changes into water vapour. On Cooling, water changes into ice. This process is called
freezing. On cooling, the kinetic energy of water molecules decreases. Due to decrease in the kinetic energy, the
water molecules start moving slowly. As the temperature is further lowered , the attractive forces pull the particles close
together and water changes into ice.
2.Explain how a metal rim is fixed around the wooden wheel of a cart?
The iron rim is made slightly smaller in size than the wooden wheel. The ironsmith heats
this iron rim uniformly over fire. On heating, the iron rim expands and becomes somewhat
bigger in size. This hot iron rim is now easily put around the wooden wheel. Water is then
poured over the hot iron rim to cool it. On cooling, the hot iron rim contracts (shrinks) and
fits tightly around the wooden wheel.
3. How are physical changes different from chemical changes?
A change in which no new substance is formed is called a physical change. The changes in the state, size and shape of a
substance are physical in nature, so they are called physical changes. Most of the physical changes are temporary and
reversible. Melting of ice and tearing of paper are examples of physical change. A change in which a new substance is
formed is called a chemical change. The properties of new substances formed in a chemical change are entirely different
from those of the original substances. Chemical changes are permanent changes. Most of the chemical changes are
irreversible. Burning of paper and charring of sugar are examples of chemical change.
4. Is the burning of a candle , a physical or chemical change? Explain with reasons.
Burning of candle is a chemical change. On burning of a candle ,wax burns to produce water vapour and carbon dioxide.
It produces heat and light. New substances are formed and energy is released during the burning of candle .It cannot be
reversed and it is a permanent change. Thus burning of candle is a chemical change.

I. HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1.Why is a gap left between the rails in railway tracks?
In summers, the rail tracks that are made from iron, expand. To allow this expansion,
space has to be left between two sections of the rail tracks. If this is not done, expansion of
tracks can cause them to bend that may lead to serious accidents.
2. Why is mercury used in thermometer?
Mercury is a metal and expands on heating. When mercury thermometers come in contact
with heat, the mercury inside it expands and reaches at a certain level according to
temperature. The shining thread of mercury can be easily seen from the outside of
thermometer.
3.What is the difference between the following changes?(a) rolling of roti from dough (b) Baking of roti
(a) Rolling of chapati from dough is a physical and reversible change as we can change the
roti into the dough.
(b) Baking of chapati is a chemical and irreversible change as on baking ,the roti cannot
be changed into dough.

THE END
 CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 7. THE LIVING AND THE NON-LIVING CATEGORY: BIOLOGY
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1.How is the growth of a crystal different from the growth of a baby bird?
The growth of the crystal is external, i.e., due to addition of substances from outside. The Growth of baby bird is
internal i.e., from inside due to multiplication and growth of cells.
2. Why do living things respire?
All the living things respire to get energy.
3. How is lion different from a peepal plant?
A peepal plant can make its food through photosynthesis whereas a lion does not make its own food and gets its food
from other animals.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ
1. Name the structural and functional unit of living things.
Cell
2. Name a microscopic organism.
Amoeba
3. Name the two waste products produced each in animals and plants
Waste product produced in animals – Carbon dioxide and Urea
Waste product produced in plants – gums and resins

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. Name the process by which living things obtain energy from food
Respiration
2. Which part of the leaf take part in exchange of gases ?
Stomata
3. Name any two animals which reproduce by (a) giving birth to babies (b) through hatching of their eggs
(a) Dogs, Cows (b) Hen, Lizard

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1.What is meant by lifespan? What is the average lifespan of humans?
The time period for which a living organism remains alive is called its lifespan. The average lifespan of humans is 65-
80 years.
2.Which of the following were once a part of living things?
Leather, wool, mango and wooden table were once a part of living things.
3.What is meant by Respiration? Why is respiration essential for living organisms?
Respiration is the process of breakdown of food in the body of an organism with the help of oxygen to release carbon
dioxide, water and energy. Respiration is essential for all living things because it provides energy to living things to
work, move and stay alive. The process of respiration takes place inside the body of the organisms. The exchange of
gases takes place in our lungs. The process of taking in air into the lungs through nose and then expelling it through
nose is called breathing. The purpose of breathing-in air is to provide oxygen to our body for carrying out respiration.
Thus, breathing is a part of respiration.

E. Long Answer Questions.

1 . Explain how different organisms carry out exchange of gases. Give one example of each.
Different organisms carry out oxygen of gases through different organs. Animals like tigers, cats, dogs along with
humans breathe through lungs. Insects like cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes and grasshoppers breathe through air holes
(spiracles) present on the surface of their bodies. The fish has special organs of breathing called gills. The gills absorb
oxygen dissolved in water. The earthworm breathes through its skin. The skin of an earthworm is quite thin and moist
and has a good blood supply. Like animals, exchange of gases also takes place in plants through stomata.

2.Animals grow only till a particular age whereas plants grow throughout their life. Justify.
All the living things grow, they become taller and bigger on their own. Growth is actually an increase in size of the
body. All the animals grow upto a certain age only. After attaining certain size and shape, they stop growing. Humans
also grow for a few years and then they stop growing. We observe that a tiny seed grows into a baby plant and after
some time it grows into a big plant or a tree. Unlike animals, plants continue to grow throughout their life. After
attaining a certain height, the plants do not grow in height but only grow in width and number of branches.
3.a) A plant grow towards sunlight .Mention the stimulus and the response.
(a) Sunlight is the stimulus and bending of plant towards sunlight is the response.
(b) What is meant by ‘stimulus’ and ‘sensitivity’ ?
(b) Stimulus is any change in the surroundings of an organism to which it responds. The ability to respond to any
external change is called sensitivity.
4. a) Which characteristic of living thing is shown in the fig (a) given alongside?
b) Distinguish between tissues and organs.
(a) The given picture shows the growth of a tiny seed into a big plant.
(b) A group of similar cells that performs a particular function is called a tissue.
A group of tissues that works together to perform a particular function in the body is
called an organ.
5.(a) What is the common feature in living things and non – living things?
(a) The common feature in living and non-living things is that they are made up of matter.
(b) Give any four differences between living things and non- living things.
S.No. Living Things Non-living things
1 Living things are made up of cells. Non-living things are not made up of
cells
2 Living things can move on their Non-living things cannot move on
own. their own
3 Living things have a definite Non-living things do not have a
lifespan lifespan
4 Living things reproduce Non-living things do not reproduce

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1.While walking, Ibrahim hears a dog barking. He starts running immediately. Mention the
stimulus and the response. Give another example mentioning the stimulus and the
response.
Barking of dog is a stimulus and running of Ibrahim is response. When we touch the leaves of Mimosa pudica plant, it
quickly folds its leaves. Here, touching is the stimulus and folding of leaves is the response.
2. A seed is put inside the soil. In which direction will the stem and roots grow?
The shoot will always grow upwards, while the root will grow downwards.
3.Are wheat grains stored in the gunny bags living ? Why /Why not?
The grains stored in gunny bags are non-living but when they were attached to the plant, they were living.

THE END
 CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 8. GETTING TO KNOW PLANTS CATEGORY: BIOLOGY
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1.Why are green plants known as ‘ kitchen of the plants’ ?
As green leaves prepare food for the plant, they are called food factories or kitchen of the plant.
2.How does exchange of gases take place in plants?
In plants, exchange of gases takes place through the stomata.
3.What are the main functions of leaves?
The main functions of leaves are manufacture of food, exchange of gases and transpiration.

B. Science Quiz.
1. Name two plants with leaves that are modified into spines.
Cactus, prickly poppy
2.Name two plants that have tap root.
Mustard, pea

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1.What is male reproductive part of a flower?
Parallel venation
2. Name two plants that have reticulate venation.
Peepal and mango
3. What is the function of stem in a potato plant?
The stem of potato plant that is present above the ground, makes food by photosynthesis and the underground stem of a
potato plant stores food and is edible.
4. What is the difference between node and internode?
The part of a stem where a leaf arises is called node. The region of the stem between the two adjacent nodes is called
internode.
5. What happens when pollen grains falls on the stigma – fertilisation or pollination?
When pollen grains fall on the stigma , they germinate and move down through the tube called style and reach the ovary
.Inside the ovary , the male sex cells present in the pollen grains fuse with the female sex cells present in ovules. This is
called fertilisation.

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. What is venation? Name two plants that have parallel venation?
The arrangement of veins on leaf blade or lamina is called venation. The leaves of bamboo and sugar cane have parallel
venation.
2. What are fibrous roots? Draw a sketch of fibrous roots?
In some plants, a bunch of thin, fibre-like roots arise from the base of the stem. These are called fibrous roots. Grass,
maize and wheat are plants that have fibrous roots.
3. What happens to the ovule and ovary after fertilisation?
After fertilisation, the ovules grow and become seeds. The ovary of a flower grows and becomes fruit. The fruit protects
the seeds.
4. What do these nodules contain?
These root nodules contain a nitrogen fixing bacterium, Rhizobium.
5.What is pistil? Draw its labelled diagram.
Pistil is a flask-shaped organ present at the centre of a flower. It is the female reproductive part of the flower. Each pistil
consists of stigma, style and ovary.
Stigma

Style

Ovary
6.Classify the following plants into herbs , shrubs and trees – Sunflower, China rose, lemon, tomato, mango,
gulmohar, rose plant, mustard
Herbs – sunflower, tomato, mustard,
Shrubs – China rose, lemon, rose plant
Trees –mango, gulmohar
7. How can you say that ginger is a modified stem ?
Ginger is a stem because like stems it also has nodes, internodes, buds and scaly leaves. It is modified to store food.

E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Write an activity to show that roots absorb water for the plant.
To show that roots absorb water and minerals from the soil
Things needed: Two pots, two weed plants, khurpi, some water, soil, a pair of scissors
Method: Take two pots(A and B) and fill them with soil. Select two weed plants from an open ground. With the help
of a khurpi, dig these plants without breaking their roots. Plant one plant in pot A. With the help of scissors, cut off the
roots of the other plant and plant it in pot B. Give water to both the pots regularly and observe the plants after a week.
Observation: The plant in pot A remains healthy, while the plant in pot B wilts and eventually, dries. This activity
shows that roots are essential for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
2. What are the advantages of transpiration in plants?
The loss of water through the stomata is called transpiration.
The advantages of transpiration are as follows:
(i) It helps in cooling the plant body, just as loss of water during sweating helps us to keep cool.
(ii) When leaves lose water during transpiration, more water and minerals are pulled upwards from the roots to make
up for the lost water. Thus, leaves help in the conduction of water and minerals in the plant through transpiration.
3. Describe the structure of flower with a well - labelled diagram.
Flowers are the most beautiful part of a plant. Different flowering plants have different types of flowers. The flower is
attached to the stem by a stalk called pedicel. The uppermost part of the stalk is somewhat swollen. This swollen part
of the pedicel is known as thalamus. The main parts of a flower are sepals, petals, stamens and pistil.
Sepals: The green, leaf-like parts in the outermost circle of a flower are called sepals. They protect the flower during
the bud stage.
Petals: These are usually bright-coloured due to the presence of coloured pigments. The bright-coloured petals serve
to attract insects which help in pollination.
Stamens: They are found just inside the petals. The stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower. Each stamen
consists of a thin stalk called filament and a two-lobed head called the anther. Each anther lobe has two pollen sacs
that are filled with pollen grains. Pollen grains are yellow, fine dust-like particles which contain the male sex cells of
the flowering plant.
Pistil: At the centre of the flower, there is a flask-shaped organ called pistil. The
pistil is the female reproductive part of a flower. Each pistil consists of stigma, style and
ovary.

4.What is the difference between tap root and fibrous root? Explain the relationship between types of roots and
leaf venation.
Tap root is a straight root which grows vertically down into the soil and gives out branches on all the sides. Tap root is
the main root and the smaller side roots are called lateral roots. The fibrous roots consist of many thin, fibre-like roots
of same size. The fibrous roots spread out in the soil and give a firm support to the plant . The leaf venation and the
types of root system in a plant are interrelated. Plants with reticulate venation in their leaves have tap roots, whereas
those with parallel venation have fibrous roots.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1.What is the difference between making of food by leaves and making of food in the kitchen?
Plants prepare their food in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll with the help of water, minerals and carbon
dioxide. The plant food is a kind of simple sugar called glucose. The food prepared in kitchen is made from plant and
animal products by cooking.
2.Tomato, brinjal and stamens of all the pea flowers in a garden , which phenomenon will be affected fruit
formation , pollination or fertilization?
Tomato, brinjal and lemon are fruits because they are formed from maturation of ovary. They contain seeds.
3. If you remove the stamens of all the the pea flowers in a garden , which phenomenon will be affected fruit
formation , pollination or fertilization?
If we remove the stamens of all the pea flowers in a garden, pollination will not take place.
4. You find more climbers in a thick forest .why?
Climbers are plants with weak stems that take the support to climb. In thick forests, there are more climbers because
trees provide support to the climbers.
5.Rahul finds a plant with no leaves. It has tap root. He wants to know the venation in the leaves. Help him.
The venation of leaf will be reticulate. It is generally found that plants with reticulate venation have tap roots whereas
those with parallel venation have fibrous roots.

THE END
 CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 9. BODY MOVEMENTS CATEGORY: BIOLOGY
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

A. ORAL QUESTIONS.
1. Why do animals move?
Animals move to find their food and water, to protect themselves from enemies and to find suitable places for laying
eggs or rearing their young ones.
2. What are the functions of the human skeleton?
Human skeleton gives shape and support to the body and protects the delicate internal organs of the body. It also helps
in the movement of our body parts together with muscles.
3. How does an earthworm move?
An earthworm moves through contractions and expansions of circular and longitudinal muscles and holding and
withdrawing of bristles.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ.
1.Name Four types of movable joints in the human body.
(i) Ball and socket joint (ii) Hinge joint (iii) Pivot joint (iv) Gliding joint
2. Name two types of muscles that are involved in the bending and straightening of arms.
Biceps and triceps

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. How many types of girdles are found in human body? Name them.
Two types of girdles are found in the human body—a pair of shoulder girdles and a pair of hip girdles.
2. What kind of arrangement is found in the ball and socket joint?
In ball and socket type of joint, The ball -shaped end of one bone fits into the hollow cup- shaped socket of the other
bone.
3. How many legs does a cockroach have?
A cockroach has three pairs of jointed legs.
4. Where do you find a hinge joint in your body?
The joints of elbows, knees, fingers and toes have hinge joints.

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What is a rib cage? What is the function of the ribcage?
The twelve pairs of thin and curved bones called the ribs form a cage like structure called ribcage. The function of
ribcage is to protect the heart and lungs
2. What are fixed joints? Give an example.
The joints which do not allow any movement between the bones are called fixed joints. For example, bones of the
skull (except lower jaw) are interlocked with each other which do not allow any movement.
3. Why do animals move from one place to another?
Birds have powerful chest muscles which help them in flapping their wings during flight
4. Why can’t we bend our elbows backwards?
Our elbows have hinge joints that allow movement of bones in one direction (upwards) only. So, we cannot move our
elbows backwards.
5. Why is mucus secreted by a snail’s foot?
A slimy substance called mucus is secreted by a snail’s foot to reduce the friction between the foot and the ground
surface which helps the muscles of foot to move forward. A trail of mucus is left behind when the snails crawl

E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Explain in brief the different types of movable joints in the human body.
Most of the joints in the human body are freely movable. Freely movable joints are of four types, depending on the
type and extent of movement they allow
(i) Ball and socket joint: In this type of joint, the ball shaped end of one bone fits into the hollow cup shaped socket of
another bone. This joint allows maximum movement in all directions. The joint of the shoulder and the hip are
examples of ball and socket joint.
(ii) Hinge joint: A hinge joint is like the hinges in a door. This joint allows movement of bones in one direction only.
The joints of elbows, fingers, knees and toes are examples of hinge joint.
(iii) Pivot joint: The joint where our neck joins the head is a pivot joint. It allows us to bend our head forward and
backward and turn the head to our right or left.
 (iv) Gliding joint: This kind of joint allows bones to glide over each other and provides little movement in all
directions. It is found between the wrist and the carpals and between the ankle and the tarsals.
2.How do the muscles attached to bones bring about movements?
Muscles are the fibrous tissues in the body that have the ability to contract. Muscles are attached to the bones of our
skeleton (through strong fibres called tendons). So, when the muscle attached to a bone contracts, it pulls the bone due
to which the bone moves at the joint. A muscle can only pull a bone, it cannot push a bone. So, another muscle
attached to the same bone has to contract to move it in the opposite direction. This means that two muscles work
together to move a bone. The movement of body parts as well as locomotion in human beings is brought about by the
alternate contraction and stretching of muscles attached to the movable bones of the skeleton. When muscles pull the
bone, they produce movements such as moving of head, bending of arm, straightening of arm, walking or
running, etc.
3. How does a bird fly? List the features that help a bird to fly.
The birds fly with the help of strong chest muscles and wings. Birds can fly because of the
following features:
(i) Therefore limbs are modified into wings which help them fly. Hindlimbs are used for walking and perching.
(ii) They have streamlined bodies that cut the air current while flying.
(iii) Their bones are hollow which makes their body light.
(iv) They have powerful chest muscles which help them in flapping their wings during flight.
4. Describe the structure and function of the ribcage with the help of a labelled diagram.
There are twelve pairs of thin and curved bones called the ribs. These bones form a ribcage. All the 12 pairs of the ribs
are joined to the backbone at the back, and the first ten pairs are joined with the chest bone or breastbone in the front.
The last two pairs of ribs are free of the front end and are called floating ribs. Ribcage protects the heart and the
lungs. Ribcage also takes part in our breathing movements.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1. Why does a child have 300 bones whereas an adult who has grown up bigger in size has only 206 bones?
A child has about 300 bones but an adult person has only 206 bones. The reason is that as the child grows, some of the
bones fuse together and thus, the number of bones is reduced in adults.
2.Imagine yourself with a vertebral column with a long single bone or with fixed joints.
If our vertebral column had been with a long single bone or with fixed joint, we would not have been able to bend or
twist our backbone in different directions

THE END
CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 10. THE LIVING ORGANISM AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS CATEGORY: BIOLOGY
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1. What is a habitat?
The place where living organisms (plants and animals) live is called habitat.
2. What is meant by adaptations ?
Favourable features present in plants and animals that help them survive in a particular type of habitat are known as
adaptations.
3. How is cactus adapted to survive in a desert ?
Cactus survives in a desert due to its long roots ,thick and fleshy stem with waxy coating and leaves reduced to spines.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ
1. Name the breathing organs of the following organisms: dogs, birds, snakes and fishes.
Dogs, birds and snakes breathe through lungs On the other hand fishes breathe through gills
2. Name four abiotic components of a habitat
Atmosphere, Sunlight, Air and Water
3. Name an animal that survives in polar regions
Polar Bears

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Name two free-floating plants
Lotus, water lily
2. Write two characteristics of pine tree that help it adapt in mountain regions.
They are cone-shaped, with flexible branches which help them to cope with heavy snow fall. Pine cones protect the
seeds during the harsh winter. The thin waxy needles reduce water loss.
3. Name two biotic components of a habitat
Plants and Animals
4. Name two Scavengers
Hyenas and Vulture

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1.Differentiate between adaptation and acclimatisation
Adaptation refers to changes that take place over a long time period of time but acclimatisation refers to changes in
organisms that take place over a short period of time.
2. What is camouflage?
Some animals protect themselves from their enemies by changing their skin colour according
to surroundings, therefore they get unnoticed by their enemies. This is called camouflage.
3. How is yak able to survive on mountains?
Yaks are able to survive on mountains because they have thick fur to protect them from cold. They also have a layer
of fat under their skin that keeps them warm.
4. a) How do animals adapt themselves to their surroundings?
b) What value do we learn from the animals that easily adapt themselves ?
(a) Animals adapt themselves to their surroundings by developing certain favourable features, like modifications in
shape, body organs, colour and size.
(b) We learn to adapt, i.e., adjust in all types of circumstances.
5. Why do animals like yak, bear and snow leopard have thick fur?
The thick fur of the animals like yak, bear and snow leopard protects them from cold
weather conditions.
6. Why does a cactus plant have long roots and leaves reduced to spines?
The long roots of cactus plant go very deep into the soil to absorb water. The leaves of cactus are reduced to spines
that help in reducing the loss of water through transpiration.
7. How do aquatic animals breathe in water ?
Some aquatic animals like fishes breathe through gills. The gills absorb the dissolved oxygen of water. Some other
aquatic animals like dolphins and whales do not have gills. They breathe through lungs. They inhale air through the
nostrils that are located in the upper parts of their heads. This allows them to breathe in the air when they swim near
the surface of water. Amphibians, like frogs and toads, breathe in water through their moist skin and on land through
their lungs
E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1.How do lions and deer adapt themselves to live in a forest habitat?
Lion is adapted to live in a forest habitat in the following ways:
(a) Lions have eyes in front that help them to see from a greater distance.
(b) Lions have sharp teeth and long claws to catch and tear the flesh of their prey.
(c) Lions are light-brown in colour which helps them to hide in dry grasslands.
(d) Lions are able to run very fast, so that they are able to catch their prey easily.
Deer also have some adaptations to escape from predators, like lions and tigers.
(a) They have eyes on the sides of the head, which give them a wide range of vision.
(b) They have long ears to hear the movement of predators.
(c) They can run very fast to save themselves from predators.

2. Explain how desert plants and animals are able to survive in a hot dry climate.
Desert plants and animals show various adaptations to survive in a hot dry climate.
Adaptations in plants
(a) The leaves in desert plants are either absent, very small or present in the form of spines (thorns). This helps in
reducing the loss of water from the leaves.
(b) The stems of desert plants are thick and fleshy due to storage of water. The stems also have a thick waxy coating
that prevents the loss of water from it.
(c) The roots of desert plants are long and go very deep into the soil to absorb water.
Adaptations in animals -Desert animals, like desert rats and desert snakes live in deep burrows that have cool and
moist environment during daytime when the desert is hot and dry. At night, when the desert is cool, the animals come
out of their burrows and holes and become active. These desert animals pass out very little amount of urine and hence
conserve water in their body. Camel, the main animal of the desert can survive in desert due to the following features–
(a) The camel has long legs that keep its body away from the hot sand.
(b) A camel can drink a large amount of water and store it in the body.
(c) A camel’s hump has fat stored in it. It acts as a food reserve.
(d) A camel has large and flat feet that help it to walk easily on sand.
3.How is frog adapted to live both on land and in water?
Frogs have the following adaptations to live both on land and in water.
(a) They have webbed feet that help them swim in water.
(b) They have long and strong back legs that help them in hopping on the land for catching their prey.
(c) Their skin is always moist that helps them in breathing in water. They breathe through lungs on land.
4. Discuss about plants that adapt themselves to survive in an aquatic habitat.
Various types of plants live in aquatic habitats. They adapt themselves in aquatic environment. The two common
types of aquatic plants are—
(i) Free-floating plants: These plants float freely on water. In these plants, leaves are large and
flat. The leaves are covered with waxy coating which makes them waterproof and protects
them from the decaying effects of water. Stems have air spaces which enable the plant to
float. For example, lotus, water lily.
(ii) Submerged plants: These plants remain completely submerged in water. In submerged
plants, the leaves are thin and ribbon-like. Such type of leaves allows water current to pass
through without damaging the leaves. For example, Hydrilla, Vallisneria.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1. Camel is called the ship of the desert .Justify
Camel is the most common animal found in desert habitat. It is used in deserts for various purposes like riding,
transportation and entertainment. It has some special features to adapt in the environment of deserts. Due to utility of
camels in deserts, they are known as ‘ship of the desert’.
2.How does a sea animal ,like dolphin , survive in water without gills?
Dolphins do not have gills. They breathe through lungs. They inhale air through the nostrils that are located in the
upper part of their heads. This allows them to breathe in the air when they swim near the surface of water. They can
stay inside the water for a long time without breathing. They come out to the surface from time to time to breathe in
air.

THE END
CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 11. MOTION AND MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCES CATEGORY: PHYSICS
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1.Name two means of transport used (a) on land (b) in water (c) in air
Car and Train are Means of transport used on land
Ship and Boat are Means of transport used in water
Airplane and Helicopter are Means of transport used in air
2. Why is it necessary to have a standard unit of length ?
It is necessary to have standard units of measurement for the sake of uniformity and convenience in measurement.
3. What is rotatory Motion
An object is said to be in rotatory motion if it moves about a fixed axis without changing its position

B. SCIENCE QUIZ
1. Name the SI Unit of temperature
Kelvin (k)
2. Is mass a physical quantity ?
Yes, Mass is a physical quantity
3. Name the two type of translatory motion.
Rectilinear and Curvilinear Motion
4. Name the type of motion possessed by an athlete running on a circular track
Curvilinear Motion

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. The distance between two bus stops is 3540m. Express this distance in (a) km (b) cm.
Km – 3.54
Cm – 354000
2.Give two means of transport developed with the invention of the steam engine.
Trains and Automobiles
3. Give the SI Unit of the following: (a) length (b) time (c) mass (d) temperature
The SI Unit of length is metre (m).
The SI Unit of time is second (s)
The SI Unit of mass is kilogram (kg).
The SI Unit of temperature is kelvin (k)

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. How is circular motion different from rotatory motion? Give an example to support your answer.
When a body moves along a circular path, it is said to be in circular motion. For example, the earth moves around the
sun in a circular path. A body is said to be in rotatory motion, if it moves about a fixed axis without changing its
position. For example, the motion of the blades of a fan.
2.Define rectilinear motion.
When an object moves along a straight line, its motion is called rectilinear motion. For example, the movement of the
drawer of a table.
3.When is an object said to be in motion?
An object is said to be in motion if it changes its position with respect to a stationary object in its surroundings. For
example, when the position of a car changes with time, we say that the car is moving or that the car is in motion.
4.While measuring the length of a paper clip on a scale, the reading at one end is 1.0 cm and at the other is 4.3
cm .What is the total length of the paper clip?
The total length of the paper clip is 4.3 cm – 1.0 cm = 3.3 cm
5.What two kinds of motion does the earth have?
The earth rotates about its axis, which is rotatory motion. The earth also revolves around the sun in a circular path
which is an example of circular motion.
6.Give two precautions to be taken while measuring the length of a pencil using a scale.
(i) The scale should be placed with the object along its length. If we place it at a certain angle, our reading will not be
correct.
(ii) The correct position of the eye is also important for taking measurement. Our eyes must be focused exactly above
the end point of which we are taking measurement.
E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Why is it necessary to have a standard unit of measurement?
In our daily life, we use a variety of objects as units of measurement. For example , we can measure the length of an
object by using hand span, Cubit or foot step. In this case , the length of each one of these objects becomes a unit of
measurement of length. But handspan ,cubit and pace cannot be used as standard units of measurements because their
length is not the same for all the persons. The length of handspan , cubit and pace are different for different persons. A
unit measurement which has a fixed value and does not change from person to person or place to place is called a
standard unit of measurement .For example metre is a standard unit of measuring length. It represents exactly the same
length whether used by one person or another person or used in one country .Thus a metre means the same length
to everyone. So it is a standard unit of measuring length .It is necessary to have standard units of measurements for the
sake of uniformity and convenience in measurement.
2) What is rotational motion? Give two examples of rotational motion.
Rotatory Motion: A body is said to be in rotatory motion, if it moves about a fixed axis
without changing its position. For example: motion of the blades of a fan and motion of a
spinning top.
3)What is meant by periodic motion ? Give two example of periodic motion ?
A Motion that repeats itself after a intervals of time, is called periodic motion. For Example: Movement of the earth
around the sun and the swinging pendulum of a wall clock.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1.Name the type of motion in (a) a person drawing water from a well (b) a bullet fired from a gun
(a) Rectilinear motion (b) Rectilinear motion

2.You are given a metre rod and a measuring tape .Which device will you use for measuring each of the
following ? (a) the girth of your ball (b) the length of your pencil box
(a) The girth of ball is measured by the measuring tape. (b) The length of pencil box is measured by the metre rod.
3.Why do scientists and researchers use SI units in their work?
Scientists and researchers use SI units in their work because these unit

THE END
CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 12. LIGHT, SHADOWS AND REFLECTIONS CATEGORY: PHYSICS
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A. Oral Questions.
1. Why are we unable to see anything in a dark room?
We need light to see anything.
2. How do we see non – luminous objects?
The non-luminous objects can be seen only when light coming from a luminous object falls on them and is reflected
back to our eyes.
3.Why does our left side appear right side, when we see our image in a plane mirror?
Because of lateral inversion.
4. What conditions are necessary for the formation of a shadow?
For the formation of a shadow, there must be a source of light, an opaque object to obstruct the path of light and an
opaque screen behind the object.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ
1. Name the term used for an object that gives out its own light ?
Luminous Object
2. Name one material that allows only some of the light to pass through it.
Translucent Material
3. What does a pinhole camera from – an image or a show ?
An Image
4. What is the colour of the shadow
Black

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Name three luminous objects
The suns, the stars and a burning candle
2. Name Three opaque materials.
Wood, metal and clay

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What is meant by translucent material?
The materials that allow only some of the light to pass through them are called translucent materials. We cannot see
clearly through translucent materials. Grounded glass, butter paper and tissue paper are examples of translucent
materials.
2.What is lateral inversion?
The left-right reversal of an ‘object’ and its ‘mirror image’ is called lateral inversion.
3. Mention the two factors on which the size of a shadow depends?
Following conditions are necessary for the formation of a shadow: (i) a source of light (ii) an opaque object to obstruct
the path of light (iii) an opaque screen behind the object
4. How do we get moonlight when the moon is a non – luminous objects?
Moon is a non- luminous object because it does not have its own light. It shines because it reflects the sunlight that
falls on it. This reflected light is called moonlight.

E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1.a) How is a shadow formed? B) What are the characteristics of a shadow?
(a) When an object is placed in front of a source of light, it produces a shade behind it. The shade cast by an object is
called its shadow. Shadows are formed when light is stopped by an opaque object.
(b) The characteristics of a shadow are— (i) A shadow is always dark regardless of the colour of the object or the
colour of the light used to make the shadow.
(ii) A shadow only shows the dark outline of an object and not the details of the object.
(iii) A shadow is formed in the direction opposite to the source of light.
(iv) The size of a shadow varies on the distance between the object and the screen and the distance between the object
and the source of light.
(v) The shape and size of the shadow also varies with position of the light source
2.What is meant by reflection of light? what type of objects reflect more light?
The process of sending back the light rays that fall on the surface of an object is called reflection of lights. The
reflection of light depends upon the nature of surface. A rough or irregular surface reflects lights in all directions. This
is called irregular reflections. For example, a piece of white paper has a rough surface , so it reflects the light falling
on it in all directions. It is due to the irregular reflection of light produced by the rough surface of a piece of white
paper that we cannot see the image of our face on looking into the piece of paper. A mirror has smooth and shiny
surface. A mirror reflects all the light falling on it in the same direction. In fact , a mirror reflects a ray of light at the
same angle at which it strikes the mirror. This is called regular reflection . Regular reflection of light can form an
image In fact ,all the smooth and shiny surfaces reflect light in a regular way forming images. Regular reflection
occurs only at very smooth surfaces.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1. Can we always recognize the object by observing its shadow? Explain giving an example.
Yes, we can identify the object from their shadows because the shadows of objects are usually similar in outline to the
objects. For example, the shadow of a ceiling fan hung in the centre of a room will fall on the side opposite to the
lighted electric bulb. By seeing the shadow of ceiling fan, we can recognise it.
2. Can you see your image in the water of your swimming pool? How?
We can see our image in the water of swimming pool because the smooth surface of still water of swimming pool
causes reflection of light that produces image. The smooth surface of still water in a swimming pool or lake acts like a
mirror.
3.Can shadow of an astronaut form on moon? why/ why not?
If there is a source of light, then only a shadow can form on the moon’s surface.

THE END
CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 13. ELECTRICITY AND CIRCUITS CATEGORY: PHYSICS
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

A. ORAL QUESTIONS.
1. Name any five appliances used at home that work with electricity.
Microwave oven, refrigerator, television, washing machine, computer
2. What are insulators? Give two examples.
The materials that do not allow electric current to pass through them are called insulators. Rubber and plastic are
examples of insulators.
3. How does a bulb get fused?
If the filament is broken, the bulb is said to be fused and it no longer glows.
4. Why should we wear rubber-soled shoes or chappals while operating electrical appliances?
We should wear rubber-soled shoes or chappals while operating electrical appliances because rubber is an insulator
and protects us from electric shocks.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ.
1.What is the source of electricity in an electric torch ?
An Electric cell
2. Name the device used for completing and breaking the circuit.
Electric Switch
3. Does the current flow in the circuit, if the key is closed ?
Yes, current flow in the circuit, if the key is closed
4. Name one non-metal which is a good conductor of electricity.
Graphite

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Name any two gadgets that use electric cells for their working.
Electric torch, electric toy
2. What is an electric circuit?
The path along which an electric current can flow is called an electric circuit.
3. In which direction does the electric current flow?
The electric current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the cell.

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1.Why we should not operate electrical switches with wet hands?
An electric switch is a simple device that is used to open or close an electric circuit.
2. What is meant by an open circuit?
The circuit in which the path from one terminal of cell to another terminal of cell is in complete and electric current
does not flow through the circuit is called incomplete or an open circuit.
3. Define Insulators.
The materials that do not allow electric current to pass through them are called insulators. Rubber, Plastic, Wood and
glass are examples of insulators.
4.What happens when the switch is in the a) on position b) off position
(a)When the switch is in the ‘on’ position, the circuit is complete/ closed and the electrical appliance will work.
(b) When the switch is in the ‘off’ position, the circuit is incomplete/ open and there is a break in the circuit. So, the
electrical appliance will not work.

E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1.Draw a labelled diagram of an electric bulb. Explain it’s parts.
An electric bulb has an outer case made of glass that is fixed on a metallic base. A bulb consists of a tiny thin wire
called a filament. The filament is made up of tungsten element and is fixed to two thick wires that provide support to
it. One of these thick wires is connected to the metal case at the base of the bulb. The other thick wire is connected to
the metal tip at the centre of the base. The metal tip at the centre of the base and the metal casing at its lower end acts
as terminals of the bulb. These two terminals of the bulb are fixed in such a way that they do not touch each other.
2.Differentiate between conductors and insulators.
The materials that allow electric current to pass through them are called conductors. All the metals are good
conductors of electricity.
The materials which do not allow electric current to pass through them are called
insulators .Insulators are usually the non-conductors of electricity .Rubber is an insulator.
3. (a) Name the source of electricity in a torch.(b) Draw a well labelled diagram of its inner view
(a) In the torch, two or three cells are placed in series (it means the positive end of one cell touches the negative end of
other cell). These cells are the source of electric current.
(b).

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1. What alternative devices can we use if there is a sudden breakdown in electric supply?
We can use generators or invertors at the time when there is a sudden breakdown in electric supply.
2. If a person gets caught by the current, why are we advised not to touch the person directly rather to touch
him with a wooden material like stick?
If we touch a person caught by the current directly, we can also feel electric shocks, as our body is a good conductor
of electricity. The wooden stick is used because wood is an insulator and it prevents us from an electric shock.

THE END
CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 14. MAGNETISM CATEGORY: PHYSICS
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

A.ORAL QUESTIONS
1.What are magnets ?Name a natural magnet.
The substances having the property of attracting iron objects are known as magnets. Magnetite is a natural magnet.
2. In which direction does a freely suspended my bar magnet align itself.?
North South direction
3. Why do travellers and navigators use the magnetic compass?
To know the directions while travelling.
4. What is the quickest way of picking the iron pins that have been spilled on the floor?
By using magnets.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ
1. Where do the maximum iron fillings get attracted in a magnet ?
The poles of magnet attract the maximum filling
2. What are the soft iron pieces used to store a magnet called ?
Magnetic Keepers

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1.Mention three uses of magnets.
• Data, sound and images are stored on special surfaces coated with magnetic material in computer hard disks,
floppies and video tapes
• Information is stored on magnetic stripes in credit cards, ATM cards and Airline tickets
• Magnets are used in magnetic compass which is used by sailors to find directions
2.Name two objects that are attracted by magnets.
Iron and Steel
3. Name a natural magnet
Magnetite
4. What is the effect of heating on magnets ?
On heating, magnet loses the property of magnetism.

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1.What are magnetic substances?
The substances which are attracted by the magnets are called magnetic substances. Iron, steel, nickel and cobalt are
examples of magnetic substances.
2. What are non – magnetic substances?
The substances which are not attracted by the magnets are called nonmagnetic substances. Wood, stone, leather,
plastic, aluminium and copper are non-magnetic substances.
3.Differentiate between natural and artificial magnets?
Natural magnets are found in nature. Magnetite or lodestone is a natural magnet. Natural magnets have generally low
magnetic power and such magnets are not found at all places.
Artificial magnets are prepared by humans which can be used at any time and at any place. These magnets are much
stronger than natural magnets. Artificial magnets may be rod-shaped, U-shaped or horseshoe-shaped.
4. What is meant by directive property of a magnet?
A freely suspended magnet always rests pointing in the north-south direction. This property of a magnet is called its
directive property. The end of the magnet that points towards the north is called the north pole of the magnet while,
the other end that points towards the south is called the south pole of the magnet.
5. Prove that repulsion is the sure test for magnetism.
Take a magnet and suspend it with the help of a thread. Now bring one end of a metallic bar near one pole of the
suspended magnet at a time. If one end of metallic bar is attracted and the other end is repelled, the metallic bar is a
magnet. If both the ends of metallic bar are attracted, it is not a magnet. It proves that repulsion is a sure test for
magnetism
E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. How can you make your own magnetic compass?
To make a magnetic compass Things needed: A sewing needle, a bar magnet, a cork and a cup. Method: We
can magnetise a sewing needle using a bar magnet. Pass the magnetised needle through a small piece of cork. Place
this cork containing the magnetised needle in a cup containing water. Make sure that the needle does not
touch water. When the needle comes to rest, it points to the north-south direction. Rotate the cork with the needle
inserted in it in different directions. Note the direction of the needle in which it comes to rest. You observe that the
needle always points in the north-south direction, when the cork stops rotating. The magnetic compass is ready for
use.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1. A long magnet is broken into 10 pieces. How many north poles will be there in (a) 10 pieces (b) one piece ?
(a) 10 (b) one
2. How will you find poles of an odd – shaped magnet?
We can identify the poles of an odd-shaped magnet by using a bar magnet. When we place the north pole of a bar
magnet near one end of odd-shaped magnet and it repels, then it is north pole and if it attracts, then it is south pole.
We can check another pole by the same process
3. How will you find out the north pole and south pole of a bar magnet with no markings to indicate poles?
If a bar magnet with no markings to indicate poles, is suspended freely, the end that points towards geographic north is
north pole of magnet. Similarly, the end that points towards geographic south is south pole of magnet.

THE END
CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 15. WATER CATEGORY: CHEMISTRY
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1. Name three states of water with examples
Solid : ice
Liquid : water
Gas :steam

2. How are clouds formed?

After condensation, the water droplets floating in the air along with dust particles form clouds.
3. What is water cycle?
The continuous movement of water from the earth’s surface and water bodies as water vapour, to the atmosphere and
from atmosphere back to the earth’s surface as rain is called water cycle.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ.
1. What are the two important process through which water vapour enters the atmosphere?
Evaporation and transpiration
2. Which substance makes the sea water unfit for drinking or other purposes?
Soluble salts
3. What is the process of changing water into water vapour known as?
Evaporation
4. Which one will evaporate first, water in a saucer or water in a cup?
Water in a saucer evaporates first because in saucer the water gets large surface area for evaporation.
5. What is the process of collecting rainwater from roof and streets and storing it for further use is called?
Rooftop rainwater harvesting

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What is formed on (a) melting of ice (b) freezing of water (c) evaporation of water ?
(a) Water (b) Ice (c) Steam
2. Name a water borne disease
Jaundice
3. Name the process by which wet clothes dry up when they are spread on a rope or a wire ?
Evaporation

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Define transpiration.
The process of release of extra water in plants into the air in the form of water vapour through the aerial parts is called
transpiration.
2.What is drought?
Absence of rain in a particular region for a long time leading to severe shortage of water is called drought.
3. What is groundwater?
The reservoir of water collected over the hard, non-porous rocks below the surface of the earth is called groundwater

E.LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1.How is rain useful to us? Give any three reasons.
Rain is useful to us because of the following reasons:
(i) It brings relief by cooling the environment especially after hot summer days.
(ii) It is important for irrigating the crops in fields.
(iii) It maintains the supply of water on land by filling lakes, ponds and raising the water table.
2. How do the animals living in soil get affected by heavy rain ?
The life of animals living in soil get affected by heavy rain as the land gets covered with water. The animals ( snake
and earthworm) that live in soil come out in search of air and food.
3.What is the advantage of rainwater harvesting?
The main purpose of rainwater harvesting in not only to hold rainwater on the surface of the earth but also to make
rainwater percolate under the ground more efficiently so as to recharge groundwater. This ground water can then be
taken out through various underground water sources like tube wells, hand-pumps, etc; as and when required. The
advantage of rainwater harvesting is that it increases the availability of groundwater and helps in overcoming water
shortage.
The other advantages of rainwater harvesting are
i) Soil erosion can be checked by rainwater harvesting.
ii) It helps to control flood
iii) We can avail water supply for irrigation and other purposes even during dry months.
iv) It reduces the loss of rainwater.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS

1.Why do prices of food grains, fruits and vegetables rice during floods or drought?
Floods and drought damage the crops and create acute food shortage leading to increased prices of food grains, fruits
and vegetables.
2. Give Reasons For:
(a) Several accidents take place in cold winter morning.
Fog in the cold winter morning reduces visibility due to which several accidents takes place.
(b) Our feet become wet while walking on grass in cold winter mornings.
Presence of tiny drops of dew on grass makes our feet wet while walking on grass in cold winter mornings.
(c) Rain maintains the supply of water on land.
Rain maintains the supply of water on land by filling lakes, ponds and streams and raising the water table
(d) Floods cause an extensive damage to human life and property.
Land gets submerged under water during flood which causes extensive damage to human life and property.

THE END
CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 16. AIR AROUND US CATEGORY: CHEMISTRY
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1. State any two properties of air.
Air occupies space
Air has no colour and smell.
2. Why is nitrogen needed by living organisms.?
Nitrogen is needed by living organisms because it forms different body components of living beings like proteins and
nucleic acid.
3. Name the two processes that
a) consume oxygen from the air.
b) release carbon dioxide in the air.
(a) Respiration , burning
(b) Burning of fuels, respiration

B. SCIENCE QUIZ
1.Name the gas which is 21% in air
Oxygen
2. Which component of air is required but not taken by plants directly from the atmosphere
Nitrogen
3. Name the organ used by fish to breathe
Gills
4.Which layer of atmosphere absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays ?
Stratosphere
5. In which season(dry or rainy), the amount of water vapour is greater in the atmosphere
Rainy Season

C. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1.Name the gas that supports burning.
Oxygen
2. Up to what height does the atmosphere extends above the earth’s surface?
300 km
3.Name the gases present in the atmosphere.
Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and others, like noble gases, water vapour and dust particles.
4. State any two properties of oxygen.
(i) Oxygen is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas.
(ii) Oxygen is soluble in water.
5. Which gas is used in burning of fuels?
Oxygen
6. Why do air bubbles come out when water is added to the soil?
When we add water in the soil, the air bubbles come out because water pushes the air out of spaces between the
particles of soil.
7. Which gas is released in photosynthesis?
Oxygen

D. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.

1. What components of air will you find more in a) coastal areas and b) industrial areas?
(a) Water vapour
(b) Dust, smoke and gases, especially carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen and sulphur.
2. Define atmosphere. Name the gases present in the atmosphere.
The blanket of air that surrounds the earth is called atmosphere. The major components of air are nitrogen, oxygen,
carbon dioxide and a few other gases, water vapour and dust particles.
3.Why is nitrogen needed by living organisms?
Nitrogen is needed by living organisms as it forms various components of the body of living organisms like proteins
and nucleic acids.
4. What would happen if there is no air in water?
If there is no air in water, the aquatic animals and plants will die. In absence of oxygen, the aquatic animals will be
unable to breathe. The aquatic plants will also be unable to perform photosynthesis and respiration.
5.How is air helpful in maintaining temperature?
Air helps in maintaining proper temperature on the earth. When the sun rays fall on the earth, some of them get
absorbed by the atmosphere and rest are reflected back. This trapped heat prevents earth's atmosphere from too
much cooling and maintain appropriate temperature.
6. Why do we observe water droplets outside the glass containing ice?
The air around the glass with ice contains water vapour. The cold surface of the glass containing ice, cools the air
around it, and the water vapour of the air condense on the outer surface of the glass. This occurs due to condensation.

E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. How do plants and animals maintain the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the nature?
Animals inhale oxygen from the air and exhale carbon dioxide which goes in to the air. The burning of fuels, uses
oxygen from the air and gives out carbon dioxide. Green plants use carbon dioxide from the air for the process called
photosynthesis during day and give out oxygen. The process of respiration in plants takes place during day as well as
night. But during day, the oxygen released during photosynthesis is more than the oxygen used in respiration.
Therefore, the oxygen is released in the atmosphere. In the above-mentioned ways, plants and animals maintain the
balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air.
2. How will you show that air is dissolved in water.?
To show the presence of air in water
Things needed : A beaker, tripod stand, a Bunsen burner, some water
Method : Take some water in a beaker and keep it on a tripod stand. Heat the water slowly by using a Bunsen burner.
You will observe that, much before the water begins to boil, tiny bubbles appear on the inner side of the beaker. These
bubbles come from the air dissolved in water. Actually, when water is heated, the solubility of air in water decreases.
As a result, the air dissolved in water comes out in the form of tiny bubbles. When the dissolved gas is removed
through heating and the same water is heated again after a short interval of time, we do not observe bubbles. On
further heating, the water itself turns into vapour and finally beings to boil.
3. How is air helpful for us in different ways?
The air is helpful to us in many ways. The major uses are as follows—
(i) Oxygen is used by all living organisms for respiration.
(i) Oxygen is necessary for burning fuels.
(ii) Compressed air is used for inflating tyres of bicycles, scooters, cars and buses. It is also used in balloons, footballs,
etc.
(iii) Moving air has force. This force helps yachts (sailing boats), parachutes and gliders move.
(iv) Moving air (wind) is used to turn the blades of windmills.
(v) Wind helps in the dispersal of seeds of plants. It also helps in pollination.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1.Why should we breathe only through the nose and not through the mouth?
We should breathe only through the nose because the fine hair and mucus present inside the nose prevent dust
particles to enter our lungs. If we breathe through the mouth, harmful dust particles and germs may enter our body and
affect our health.
2.Explain why some insects living in soil come out only during heavy rain.
Some insects living in soil, come out of the soil only during heavy rain because rainwater fills up all the spaces
occupied by the air in the soil and no air is left in the soil for the insects to breathe.
3.Coastal areas in India are more humid in comparison to the central region. Why?
Coastal areas are surrounded by sea and evaporation of sea water increases the humidity of environment and make the
weather more humid than the central region where sea is not found.
4.How can you improve the air quality in your locality?
We can improve the air quality of our locality by the following methods:
(i) Planting more and more trees.
(ii) Using cleaner fuels, like CNG instead of petrol and diesel.
(iii) Reducing the use of vehicles run with petrol and diesel.
(iv) Using smokeless sources of energy, such as tidal energy and solar energy.
(v) Walking and using rickshaw or bicycle for shorter distances.

THE END
CLASS: VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON : 17. GARBAGE IN, GARBAGE OUT CATEGORY: CHEMISTRY
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A. ORAL QUESTIONS
1. What is biodegradable waste?
Wastes that can be decomposed by the action of microorganisms into simpler and harmless substances, so that they
cannot harm the environment are called biodegradable wastes.
2. Why is disposal of non – biodegradable waste a big concern?
Disposal of non-biodegradable wastes is a big problem because this type of wastes do not rot or decay.
3. What is the best way to dispose of leftover food cooked at home?
Composting is the best way to dispose of leftover food cooked at home.
4. Which is better and why? composting or Vermicomposting.
Vermicomposting is better than composting because in vermicomposting, the composting occurs very fast with the
help of red worms.

B. SCIENCE QUIZ
1. Name two gaseous sources of waste.
Vehicular exhaust, burning of coal
2.Name two biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.
Leftover food and plant residues are biodegradable wastes while plastic objects and metallic utensils are non-
biodegradable wastes.
3.Name two waste materials that can be recycled.
Plastic objects and used paper.
4.What do we call the manure made from biodegradable wastes?
Compost.

C. VERY SHIORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Name a natural fertiliser.
Compost
2. Name a) a solid (b) a liquid (c)a gaseous form of waste.
(a) Fruit peels
(b) Water containing detergent
(c) Gases released by vehicles
3. What types of worms are used for vermicomposting?
(i) It reduces air, water and land pollution.
(ii) It provides healthy and clean environment.
4. What type of worms are used for vermicomposting?
Redworms are used for vermicomposting.
5.What type of garbage is collected in blue dustbin and green dustbin?
The blue dustbin is used for collecting non-biodegradable wastes while the green dustbin is used for collecting
biodegradable wastes.

D.SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1.Distinguish between biodegradable and non-bio - degradable wastes.
Wastes that can be decomposed by the action of microorganisms into simple and harmless substances so that they
cannot harm the environment are called biodegradable wastes. Peels and cuttings of fruits and vegetables, animal
dung, agricultural wastes are some examples of biodegradable wastes. Wastes that cannot be decomposed by the
action of microorganisms into harmless substances are called non-biodegradable wastes. The objects made from
plastic, glass and metals are non-biodegradable.
2.What are the advantages of recycling used paper?
By recycling of used paper, we can make new paper from old, used and discarded papers and can save many trees.
3.What is meant by recycling?
Making useful things from waste materials is called recycling. Materials like glass, metal, plastic and paper are
recycled to make fresh glass, metal, plastic and paper.
4.Why is composting better than burning leaves?
Composting results in the production of natural fertiliser (compost) while burning of leaves produces smoke and gases
that are harmful for our health. That is why, composting is better than burning leaves.
E. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. What are the harmful effects of wastes?
The harmful effects of wastes are as follows:
(i) Wastes make the surroundings dirty and ugly.
(ii) Wastes give foul smell and the dumped garbage becomes breeding ground for flies and mosquitoes which spread
various diseases.
(iii) Drains get choked and overflowing of sewage may contaminate the drinking water.
(iv ) Non-biodegradable wastes can cause various types of pollution.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) QUESTIONS.

1.What is the role of a junk dealer? Do you think dealers help in waste management?
A junk dealer separates the items sent for recycling; thus, he helps in waste management.
2. Why is it better to use compost than chemical fertilisers?
Compost is better than chemical fertilisers because compost does not cause any type of pollution while use of
chemical fertilisers causes soil pollution as well as water pollution.
3. Rock Garden at Chandigarh has been created from discarded things. What is your view on this ?
This is great because these type of activities reduce the wastes and make the environment clean.

THE END