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Hsoqgsbeiqmwbebwojwbsjwbswkkwnwvwibebevehejiwbe82itev4 tor9sgsoIs ekqne9duqpwjdb9qjsjsojebe9wjeb9wge50wvqnbs8skeosgwtskehe9qbw9xgnwdh2wka9jwbs9qjsbsiqo9wjwhdb2iw9n2evhwwj2beb28i2b292n2j3i92j

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27 views4 pages

Maths

Hsoqgsbeiqmwbebwojwbsjwbswkkwnwvwibebevehejiwbe82itev4 tor9sgsoIs ekqne9duqpwjdb9qjsjsojebe9wjeb9wge50wvqnbs8skeosgwtskehe9qbw9xgnwdh2wka9jwbs9qjsbsiqo9wjwhdb2iw9n2evhwwj2beb28i2b292n2j3i92j

Uploaded by

souvik314159e
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

In a Bolt factory machines A, B,C manufacture respectively


25%,35%,40% of the total of their output. 5%, 4% and 2% are
defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the product and is
found to be defective. What is the probability that it was manufactured
by machines A, B, and C?
SOLUTION : -
Let D1,D2and D3 be the events that a bolt is manufactured by A,B
and C respectively and D be the event that a bolt is defective . Then
25 35 40
P(D1)= , P(D2)= , P(D3)=
100 100 100
5 4 2
Therefore, P(D/D1)= , P(D/D2)= , P(D/D3)=
100 100 100

Therefore, P(D)=P(D1) P(D/D1)+ P(D2) P(D/D2) + P(D3)P(D/D3)


25 5 35 4 40 2
= × + × + ×
100 100 100 100 100 100
125+140+80 345
= =
10000 10000

Then by Baye’s theorem , we have


25 5
P(D1) P(D/D1) × 125 25
100 100
P(D1/D)= = 345 = =
𝑃(𝑋) 345 69
10000
35 4
× 28
100 100
Similarly , P(D2/D)= 345 =
69
10000
40 2
× 16
100 100
And P(D3/D)= 345 =
69
10000

So, the required probability that defective bolt was manufactured by machines
25 28 16
A,B,C are , , respectively.
69 69 69

2. Find the mean of the following data set.

D 5 10 15 20 25 30
f 2 3 5 6 3 1
SOLUTION : -
If X: 5 10 15 20 25 30 Total
f : 2 3 5 6 3 1 20

be the frequency distribution of a variable X then it’s A.M,


1
𝑥̅ = (5×2+10×3+15×5+20×6+25×3+30×1)
20

1
= (10+30+75+120+75+30)
20

340
= =17
20

Therefore the mean of the data set is 17.

3. Find the median of the following data set.

Class 130- 135- 140- 145- 150- 155- 160-


134 139 144 149 154 159 164
Frequency 5 15 28 24 17 10 1

SOLUTION : -

Class Frequency Adjust class Cumulative


frequency

130-134 5 129.5-134.5 5

135-139 15 134.5-139.5 20

140-144 28 139.5-144.5 48

145-149 24 144.5-149.5 72

150-154 17 149.5-154.5 89

155-159 10 154.5-159.5 99

160-160 1 159.5-164.5 100


Total N =100
𝑁
Now , =50. There is no cumulative frequency 50 in the 4th column or
2
above table.In the 4th column the next higher figure is 72.

This corresponds to the median class 144.5-149.5 .

Therefore ,lm=lower boundary of the median class =144.5


F= the cumulative frequency of the class preceeding the median class =48

fm=frequency of the median class =24

h=width of the median class =5


𝑁
−𝐹
2
so, the median = lm + ×h
fm
100
−48
2
=144.5+ ×5
24

=144.5+0.42

=144.92

4. Understanding the concept of probability, what is the probability of an


odd sum when two dice are thrown?
SOLUTION : -
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
We know that Probability =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

Possible outcomes when two dice are thrown:


S={(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),…,(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)}
Therefore , the number of possible outcomes in the sample space is 36.
The outcomes for the event that the total is odd:
E={(1,2),(1,4),(1,6),(2,1),(2,3),(2,5),(3,2),(3,4),(3,6),(4,1),(4,3),(4,5),(5,2),(5,4)
,(6,1),(6,3),(6,5)}
The number of favourable outcomes is 18.
18 1
Therefore,The required probability = P(E) = =
36 2
̅ and 𝑩
5. If A and B are independent events ,then verify that 𝑨 ̅ are also
independent.
SOLUTION : -
Since A and B are independent , so
P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)=P(A)P(B)
Now P( 𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵̅)= P(𝐴
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
∪ 𝐵),by D’Morgan’s law
=1-P(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)=1-{P(A)+P(B)-P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)}
=1-P(A)-P(B)+ P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
=1- P(A)-P(B)+P(A)P(B)
={1-P(A)}{1-P(B)}
=P(𝐴̅)P(𝐵̅)
Hence , 𝐴̅ and 𝐵̅ are also independent. [proved]

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