COMPUTER MOTHERBOARD

Introduction-Motherboard
The motherboard is the largest printed circuit board, and every electronic device has one including
computers, cell phones, printers, cars, and even toasters.The motherboard is the main system
board for the computer and connects all of the internal hardware components. The motherboard
determines the capabilities and limitations of a computer system. Every component on a computer
system plugs into the motherboard is controlled by it and depends on it to communicate. According
to Wikipedia, a motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in common computers (both
desktops and laptops) as well as other expandable systems. It is also known as a mainboard, main
circuit board, system board, baseboard, logic board, planar board or mobo. There are many
components found in a laptop or computer’s motherboard. Some of its main components-
1.CPU(Central Processing 6.Power connector 11.ISA (Industry Standard
Unit)chip Architecture) slot
2.RAM(Random Access 7.Audio connector 12.Parallel port
Memory)slots
3.USB (Universal Serial Bus) 8.Clock generator 13.FDC (Floppy-Disk Controller)

4.BIOS (Basic Input/Output 9.Expansion slots 14.Heat sink/heatsink (cooling

System) system)
5.I/O Port 10.PCI (Peripheral Component 15.DIP (Dual In-line Package)
Interconnect) slot switch
 Components of Motherboard
● Some of the components of the motherboard are explained below-
● 1.CPU (Central Processing Unit) chip
● CPU is the electronic circuitry in a computer that executes instructions that make up a program. It is
also known as a central processor or the main processor. The CPU executes the basic logic,
arithmetic, controlling as well as input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in the
desktop programs.
● 2. RAM (Random Access Memory) slots
● RAM is a kind of computer memory that can be read and written. It is mainly used to save data and
machine code. A RAM device permits data to be read or written in nearly the same amount of time no
matter where the data’s physical location is in the memory. Compared to the direct-access storage
devices like hard drives, CD/DVD and magnetic tapes, RAM media is much faster for data reading and
writing.
● 3. USB (Universal Serial Bus)
● USB is an industry standard that creates specifications for connectors, cables and protocols for
connection; power supply (interfacing) and communication among computers, computer peripherals
as well as other desktops. There are a great many USB hardware including several different
connectors, of which USB-C is the latest kind.
● 4.BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
 Types Of Motherboards
AT ATX Micro-ATX Mini-ATX E-ATX
Motherboard Motherboard Motherboard Motherboard Motherboard
These Motherboards are ATX (Advanced It is smaller than the The Mini ITX ranges 6.7 x The E-ATX is extended
the oldest of its kind. AT Technology eXtended) as typical ATX with a 6.7 inches in dimension, ATX Motherboard, and its
means Advanced this Motherboard dimension of 9.6 x 9.6 which is smaller than any size is enormous
Technology (AT) power configuration developed inches. Some other conventional compared to ATX, but it
connectors, although they in the mid-’90s and is still manufactures have a Motherboard. Some of its doesn’t matter with the
have it or not. The AT in use.ATX is the most dimension reduced to 9.6 advantages-1.The smaller size it has many features
Motherboards were used common Motherboard x 8.1 inches. Most size and fan-less cooling and uses, which any other
in the mid-’80s with size design which is used in modern ATX have a which enables it to low typical Motherboards lack.
ranging 13.8 x 12 inches. smaller boards. maximum of seven PCI or power It is primarily used for
This Motherboard made it Dimensions of a full-size PCI-Express expansion consumption,2.Mini ITX gaming. This
difficult for new drives to standard ATX board slots, while microATX board can be used in any Motherboard can be
get installed. range in 12 x 9.6 inches. boards only have a cases which are designed expanded to have huge
The ATX Motherboards maximum of four.It has for ATX, Micro-ATX, and memory and can
seem to have gone advantages like-1.It is other ATX variants if accommodate a powerful
through lots of upgrades more compact and small desired. CPU with more
in recent times. than ATX,2.Cheap tha n cores.Advantages-More
ATX or ITX PCI & DIMM
motherboards. slots,Maxium-128 GB
RAM,in-bulit WiFi,sound
cards,powerful
VRM,onboard
troubleshooting features.
◆ Modern ATX Motherboard
● The modern ATX Motherboard has many advantages over its predecessors. Some of the features and
uses of modern ATX Motherboard are as follows.
● -More power phases for cleaner and more stable power.
● -More clearance around the CPU socket to accommodate those huge after-market heatsinks.
● -Wider gaps between expansion slots for better graphics card cooling.
● These are the types of Motherboards which can be used conventionally. Moreover, there are several features
like overclocking, USB 3.0, USB 3.1, thunderbolt, liquid-cooling expansion, and many more. The above
Motherboards were ones of the majorly used and best Motherboards.
● If you are building your own PC or gaming PC, choosing the right type of Motherboard that is compatible with
other parts of your computer is essential to determine the overall speed of your PC. Once you know about
various Motherboard components, you can easily assemble your own PC or solve the basic hardware issues
in your Motherboard.
● So from above, we can conclude that Motherboard is the main component in the computer architecture.
Moreover, it holds a lot of importance in itself.
THANK YOU