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1 A giant rat was discovered in a natural rainforest on Vangunu Island. Scientists wanted to determine
if it was a new species.

Explain how scientists can use tissue samples to classify this rat.

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2 Bacteria belong to the Prokaryote kingdom.

State two ways in which the structure of bacteria differs from the structure of viruses.

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[Total: 2]
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3 Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled organism that is classified in the

The diagram is a drawing of a section through a yeast cell.

G B

F
C

1 μm

The table shows some cell functions.

Complete the table by naming the cell structure responsible for each cell function and give the letter
that identifies each cell structure in the diagram.

cell function cell structure letter from diagram

storage of genes

aerobic respiration

amino acids are assembled to

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[Total: 3]
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4 The photomicrograph shows a section of a root.

Structure J is a xylem vessel.

The xylem vessels conduct water from the roots to the stems.

State the features of xylem vessels that enable them to conduct water.

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5 Dialysis tubing is an artificial membrane, which is similar to the lining of the intestine.

A student investigated the diffusion of glucose through dialysis tubing by using the apparatus shown
in the diagram.

The student took samples of the water outside the dialysis tubing at 5 minute intervals and tested
the samples with Benedict’s solution. The results are shown in the table.
results of the Benedict’s tests on the water outside
time / minutes
the dialysis tubing

0 blue

5 green

10 yellow

15 red

Describe and explain the results shown in the table.

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[Total: 3]
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6 The diagram below shows an animal cell and a plant cell as seen with a light microscope.

animal cell plant cell

The cells were kept in a dilute salt solution. They were then transferred to distilled water.

Explain what will happen to each of these two cells when they are placed into distilled water.

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[Total: 4]

7 Red blood cells contain the protein haemoglobin.

State the names of the four chemical elements that are found in all proteins.

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[Total: 2]
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8 Phloem is used to transport sucrose and amino acids in plants. Sucrose is a carbohydrate.

Describe the uses of carbohydrates and amino acids in plants.

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[Total: 4]
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9 Scientists measured the rate of photosynthesis in the leaves of a sunflower plant, Helianthus annuus.

The scientists used the apparatus shown in the diagram to measure the rate of photosynthesis.

direction of air flow

air flow regulator chamber 1 chamber 2 chamber 3

temperature 20 °C
CO2 360 ppm

CO2 400 ppm timer

The apparatus in the diagram maintains a constant temperature and a constant humidity.

Explain why temperature has an effect on the rate of photosynthesis.

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[Total: 4]
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10 Glasshouses are designed to maximise crop plant yield.

Additional lighting is often installed in glasshouses in countries with temperate climates.

Some types of lamp release a lot of heat.

Explain the possible effects of excessive heat on the plants in a glasshouse.

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[Total: 3]

11 Emulsification of fats occurs in the alimentary canal.

State the name of the structure in the villi where digested fats are absorbed.

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[Total: 1]

12 State the name of one component of gastric juice and describe its functions.

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13 Some students set up the apparatus shown in the diagram to compare transpiration in two sets of
leaves.

Set A was kept in a transparent bag and set B was left in the open air.

All other conditions were kept constant.

The mass of the leaves in each set was measured at the start of the investigation and after five
hours.

string line paper clip

clamp stand

transparent bag

set A

set B

Explain how transpiration occurred in the leaves shown in the diagram.

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14 Explain why some parts of a plant can act as both a source and a sink.

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[Total: 2]