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ARP Process

ARP process in networking.

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11 views7 pages

ARP Process

ARP process in networking.

Uploaded by

mohammedrameesp873
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Resolving Logical Addresses to Hardware Addresses


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A host cannot directly send data to another host’s logical address.
●
A destination logical address must be mapped to a hardware address, so that the
Data-Link layer can package a frame to transmit on the physical medium.
●
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) provides this mechanism for IPv4 on
Ethernet networks.
●
ARP allows a host to determine the MAC address for a particular destination IP
address.
●

2
ARP within a network
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Steps required for HostA to communicate with HostB:

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Step 1 :
HostA will determine if the destination IP address of 10.1.1.6 is itself. If that
address is configured on a local interface, the packet never leaves HostA.
●
Step 2 :
HostA will determine if the 10.1.1.6 address is on the same network or subnet as
itself.
In this example, the subnet mask is /16. Thus, HostA’s IP address of 10.1.1.5 and
the destination address of 10.1.1.6 are on the same network (10.1).
3
ARP within a network

●
Step 3 :
HostA and HostB are on the same network, HostA will then broadcast an ARP
request, asking for the MAC address of the 10.1.1.6 address.
●
Step 4 :
HostB responds to the ARP request with an ARP reply, containing its MAC
address (AAAA.BBBB.CCCC).
●
Step 5 :
– HostA can now construct a Layer-2 frame, with a destination of HostB’s MAC
address.
– HostA forwards this frame to the switch, which then forwards the frame to HostB.
4
ARP between networks

●
Step 1:
– Again, HostA will determine if the destination IP address of 10.2.1.5 is itself.
●
Step 2:
– Next, HostA will determine if the 10.2.1.5 address is on the same network or
subnet as itself.
– In this example, the subnet mask is /16. Thus, HostA’s IP address of 10.1.1.5
and the destination address of 10.2.1.5 are not on the same network.
5
ARP between networks

●
Step 2:
– HostA and HostB are not on the same network, HostA will parse its local routing
table for a route to this destination network of 10.2.x.x/16. Hosts are commonly
configured with a default gateway to reach all other destination networks.
●
Step 3:
– HostA determines that the 10.1.1.1 address on RouterA is its default gateway.
HostA will then broadcast an ARP request, asking for the MAC address of the
10.1.1.1 address.

6
ARP between networks

●
Step 4:
– RouterA responds to the ARP request with an ARP reply containing its MAC address
(4444.5555.6666). HostA can now construct a Layer-2 frame, with a destination of
RouterA’s MAC address.
– Once RouterA receives the frame, it will parse its own routing table for a route to the
destination network of 10.2.x.x/16. It determines that this network is directly attached
off of its Ethernet2 interface. RouterA then broadcasts an ARP request for the 10.2.1.5
address.
●
Step 5:
– HostB responds to the ARP request with an ARP reply containing its MAC address
(AAAA.BBBB.CCCC). RouterA can now construct a Layer-2 frame, with a destination
of HostB’s MAC address.
7

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