Scribd
Upload
31 views

Chapter11 Multithreading

Uploaded by

voila.alberto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views

Chapter11 Multithreading

Uploaded by

voila.alberto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Java Multithreading

Java is a multi-threaded programming language which means we can develop multi-threaded program using Java. A multi-threaded
program contains two or more parts that can run concurrently and each part can handle a different task at the same time making
optimal use of the available resources specially when your computer has multiple CPUs.

By definition, multitasking is when multiple processes share common processing resources such as a CPU. Multi-threading extends
the idea of multitasking into applications where you can subdivide specific operations within a single application into individual
threads. Each of the threads can run in parallel. The OS divides processing time not only among different applications, but also
among each thread within an application.

Multi-threading enables you to write in a way where multiple activities can proceed concurrently in the same program.

Life Cycle of a Thread

A thread goes through various stages in its life cycle. For example, a thread is born, started, runs, and then dies. The following
diagram shows the complete life cycle of a thread.

Follo i g are the stages of the life le −

 New − A e thread egi s its life le i the e state. It re ai s i this state u til the progra starts the thread. It is
also referred to as a born thread.

 Runnable − After a newly born thread is started, the thread becomes runnable. A thread in this state is considered to be
executing its task.
 Waiting − So eti es, a thread tra sitio s to the aiti g state hile the thread aits for a other thread to perfor a task.
A thread transitions back to the runnable state only when another thread signals the waiting thread to continue executing.

 Timed Waiting − A ru a le thread a e ter the ti ed aiti g state for a spe ified i ter al of ti e. A thread i this state
transitions back to the runnable state when that time interval expires or when the event it is waiting for occurs.

 Terminated (Dead) − A ru a le thread e ters the ter i ated state he it o pletes its task or other ise ter i ates.

Thread Priorities
Every Java thread has a priority that helps the operating system determine the order in which threads are scheduled.

Java thread priorities are in the range between MIN_PRIORITY (a constant of 1) and MAX_PRIORITY (a constant of 10). By default,
every thread is given priority NORM_PRIORITY (a constant of 5).

Threads with higher priority are more important to a program and should be allocated processor time before lower-priority
threads. However, thread priorities cannot guarantee the order in which threads execute and are very much platform dependent.

Create a Thread by Implementing a Runnable Interface


If your class is intended to be executed as a thread then you can achieve this by implementing a Runnable interface.

Step 1

As a first step, you need to implement a run() method provided by a Runnable interface. This method provides an entry point for
the thread and you will put your complete business logic inside this method. Following is a simple syntax of the run() method −

public void run( )

Step 2

As a second step, you will instantiate a Thread o je t usi g the follo i g o stru tor −

Thread(Runnable threadObj, String threadName);

Where, threadObj is an instance of a class that implements the Runnable interface and threadName is the name given to the new
thread.

Step 3

Once a Thread object is created, you can start it by calling start() method, which executes a call to run( ) method. Following is a
si ple s ta of start ethod −

void start();
// RunnbableDemo.java
class RunnableDemo implements Runnable {
private Thread t;
private String threadName;
RunnableDemo( String name) {
threadName = name;
System.out.println("Creating " + threadName );
}

public void run() {


System.out.println("Running " + threadName );
try {
for(int i = 4; i > 0; i--) {
System.out.println("Thread: " + threadName + ", " + i);
// Let the thread sleep for a while.
Thread.sleep(50);
}
}catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Thread " + threadName + " interrupted.");
}
System.out.println("Thread " + threadName + " exiting.");
}

public void start () {


System.out.println("Starting " + threadName );
if (t == null) {
t = new Thread (this, threadName);
t.start ();
}
}
}

public class TestThread {


public static void main(String args[]) {
RunnableDemo R1 = new RunnableDemo( "Thread-1");
R1.start();
RunnableDemo R2 = new RunnableDemo( "Thread-2");
R2.start();
}
}
Output
Creating Thread-1
Starting Thread-1
Creating Thread-2
Starting Thread-2
Running Thread-1
Thread: Thread-1, 4
Running Thread-2
Thread: Thread-2, 4
Thread: Thread-1, 3
Thread: Thread-2, 3
Thread: Thread-1, 2
Thread: Thread-2, 2
Thread: Thread-1, 1
Thread: Thread-2, 1
Thread Thread-1 exiting.
Thread Thread-2 exiting.

Create a Thread by Extending a Thread Class


The second way to create a thread is to create a new class that extends Thread class using the following two simple steps. This
approach provides more flexibility in handling multiple threads created using available methods in Thread class.

Step 1

You will need to override run( ) method available in Thread class. This method provides an entry point for the thread and you will
put our o plete usi ess logi i side this ethod. Follo i g is a si ple s ta of ru ethod −

public void run( )

Step 2

Once Thread object is created, you can start it by calling start() method, which executes a call to run( ) method. Following is a
si ple s ta of start ethod −

void start( );

class ThreadDemo extends Thread {


private Thread t;
private String threadName;

ThreadDemo( String name) {


threadName = name;
System.out.println("Creating " + threadName );
}

public void run() {


System.out.println("Running " + threadName );
try {
for(int i = 4; i > 0; i--) {
System.out.println("Thread: " + threadName + ", " + i);
// Let the thread sleep for a while.
Thread.sleep(50);
}
}catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Thread " + threadName + " interrupted.");
}
System.out.println("Thread " + threadName + " exiting.");
}

public void start () {


System.out.println("Starting " + threadName );
if (t == null) {
t = new Thread (this, threadName);
t.start ();
}
}
}

public class TestThread {

public static void main(String args[]) {


ThreadDemo T1 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread-1");
T1.start();

ThreadDemo T2 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread-2");


T2.start();
}
}

Output

Creating Thread-1
Starting Thread-1
Creating Thread-2
Starting Thread-2
Running Thread-1
Thread: Thread-1, 4
Running Thread-2
Thread: Thread-2, 4
Thread: Thread-1, 3
Thread: Thread-2, 3
Thread: Thread-1, 2
Thread: Thread-2, 2
Thread: Thread-1, 1
Thread: Thread-2, 1
Thread Thread-1 exiting.
Thread Thread-2 exiting.

You might also like