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    2011.1116.asgn2 Combined

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    David-Benjamin Lim
    This document outlines an assignment for a mathematics course. It contains 8 questions on topics including sequences, limits, vector spaces, linear transformations, and bounded functions. Students are instructed to show their work and justify all answers. The assignment is due on August 29th and should be submitted in the blue box in the mathematics department foyer. It is worth a total of 90 marks.

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    2011.1116.asgn2 Combined

    Uploaded by

    David-Benjamin Lim
    21 views2 pages
    This document outlines an assignment for a mathematics course. It contains 8 questions on topics including sequences, limits, vector spaces, linear transformations, and bounded functions. Students are instructed to show their work and justify all answers. The assignment is due on August 29th and should be submitted in the blue box in the mathematics department foyer. It is worth a total of 90 marks.

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    2011.1116.asgn2_combined

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    This document outlines an assignment for a mathematics course. It contains 8 questions on topics including sequences, limits, vector spaces, linear transformations, and bounded functions. Students are instructed to show their work and justify all answers. The assignment is due on August 29th and should be submitted in the blue box in the mathematics department foyer. It is worth a total of 90 marks.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views2 pages

    2011.1116.asgn2 Combined

    Uploaded by

    David-Benjamin Lim
    This document outlines an assignment for a mathematics course. It contains 8 questions on topics including sequences, limits, vector spaces, linear transformations, and bounded functions. Students are instructed to show their work and justify all answers. The assignment is due on August 29th and should be submitted in the blue box in the mathematics department foyer. It is worth a total of 90 marks.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Department of Mathematics MATH1116, 2011 Assignment 2 Due at 2pm on Monday, 29 August.

    Hand it in to the blue box for your tutorial in the foyer of the mathematics department. There are 80 marks plus 10 marks for writing clarity and style. Remember to justify all answers rigourously, unless indicated otherwise. Question 1. (5+5 marks) (a) Let I = [a, b] be a closed interval in R and suppose that (xn ) is a convergent sequence that satises xn I for all n N. Show that the limit of (xn ) lies in I. (Hint: Show that lim xn > b and lim xn < a both lead to a contradiction.) (b) For any n N let In = [an , bn ] be a closed interval in R (an bn ). Suppose that I1 I2 .... In .... Show that there is an element x R such that x In for all n N (i.e. x (Hint: Completeness Axiom)
    nN In ).

    Question 2. (4+4+3+4 marks) Let n be a non negative integer. The factorial n! of n is given by n! := 1 2 n, if n > 0 and 0! := 1. Moreover, for two integers k and n that satisfy 0 k n we set n(n 1) (n k + 1) n! n = . := k k!(n k)! 1k (a) Show that for any x R one has
    n

    (1 + x)n =

    k=0 (b) Show using (a) that the sequence an = n n converges to 1. (c) Show that for any real number x 1 and for any natural number n N one has

    n k x k

    (1 + x)n 1 + nx. (d) Let r > 1 be a real number. By using (c) show that the sequence an = to 0.
    1 rn

    converges

    Question 3. (2+3+5 marks) Dene a sequence (an ) of real numbers inductively by setting a1 = 1 and an+1 = 1 + an for n 1. (a) Show by induction that 1 an < an+1 for all n 1. (b) Show that 2 is an upper bound for the sequence (an ). (c) Hence show that the sequence (an ) converges and nd the limit. Question 4. (mark 5) Suppose that a and b are real numbers satisfying 0 < a < b. Consider the two sequences (an ) and (bn ) inductively dened as follows: an := an1 bn1 . a1 := ab an1 + bn1 a+b bn := b1 := 2 2 Show that (an ) and (bn ) converge and that there limit is the same. (Hint: Show that a < a1 < a2 < ... < an < .... < bn < bn1 < .... < b1 < b.)
    1

    Question 5. (5+5 marks) Let V be the span of the functions {1, sin x, sin 2x} in the vector space of all functions (/2, /2) R. (a) Prove {1, sin x, sin 2x} is a basis for V . (b) For each of the following functions f , determine (with proof) whether f is in V . If it is, nd the coordinates of f with respect to the basis in part (a): cos x, cos x sin x, tan2 x. Question 6. (3+3+4 marks) Let V and W be vector spaces, and let T : V W be a linear transformation. (a) Let v1 , . . . , vn be vectors which span V . Prove that the vectors T (v1 ), . . . , T (vn ) span the image of T . (b) Now let v1 , . . . , vn be vectors in V such that T (v1 ), . . . , T (vn ) are linearly independent. Prove that v1 , . . . , vn are linearly independent. (c) Give an example showing that if v1 , . . . , vn are linearly independent vectors in V , then T (v1 ), . . . , T (vn ) can fail to be linearly independent. Also give an example of a vectors v1 , . . . , vn in V such that T (v1 ), . . . , T (vn ) span the image of T , but v1 , . . . , vn do not span V . Question 7. (2+4+4 marks) Let n be an integer at least 1, and let x1 , . . . , xn be distinct points in R. For any integer m 1, let Pm denote the vector space of polynomials of degree at most m. Dene a function T : Pm Rn by f (x1 ) f (x2 ) T (f ) = . . . f (xn ) (a) Prove that T is a linear transformation. (b) What is the dimension of the kernel of T ? What is the dimension of the range of T ? (Your answer will depend on m and n.) (c) Given real numbers y1 , . . . , yn does there exist a polynomial f (x) such that f (x1 ) = y1 , . . . , f (xn ) = yn ? If yes, can f (x) always be chosen to have at most a certain degree (depending on n)? Which one? Question 8. (5+5 marks) A function f : R R is said to be bounded if there exists a number c R such that |f (x)| < c for all x R. Let V denote the set of bounded functions f : R R. (a) Prove that V is a subspace of the vector space of all functions R R. (b) Is V nite-dimensional or innite-dimensional? If nite-dimensional, nd its dimension. (Recall that a vector space is said to be nite-dimensional if it has a nite spanning set. Otherwise, it is said to be innite-dimensional.)

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