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Functional Elements of Instrument

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215 views2 pages

Functional Elements of Instrument

Uploaded by

alaudinsmile4444
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Functional Elements of Instrument

The functional elements of any instrument include,


1. Primary Sensing Element
2. Data Conversion Element
3. Data Manipulation Element
4. Data Transmission Element
5. Data Presentation Element

For example: IR Thermometer

1. Primary Sensing Element


• This is a primary sensor which is in direct contact with the Physical quantity.
The Measurand is first detected by the primary sensing element. The primary sensing element
transfers the measurand to data conversion element for further processing. The output signal of
a primary sensing element is a physical variable such as displacement or voltage.
2. Data Conversion Element
• This element converts the measured data from one form to another form.
The output signal of a primary sensing element may require being converted to more suitable
variables while preserving its information content. This function is performed by Data
conversion element and it may be considered as an intermediate transducer

3. Data Manipulation Element


• This element converts/improves the level of the signal. It either amplifies or attenuates
the signal.
This element is an intermediate stage of a measuring system. It modifies the direct signal by
amplification, filtering, etc; so that the desired output is produced the physical nature of the
variable remains unchanged during this stage.

4. Data Transmission Element


• This element transmits the signal to some remote location/point through a transmission
medium like optic fibres or cables.

When the functional elements of the measuring system are spatially separated then it becomes
necessary to transmit signals from one element to another. This function is performed by data
transmission element. It is an essential functional element where remote control operation is
desired.

5. Data Presentation Element


• This element is used to display and recorders the measured data.
Usually, information about the quantity being measured is to be communicated to a human
observer for monitoring control and analysis purpose. This is, therefore, to be presented in form
of the human sensory capability. This function is done by data presentation element.

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