Sequence of Operations: AHU

Building Automation System Interface:

The Building Automation System (BAS) shall send the controller Occupied Bypass, Pre-Cool,
Occupied/Unoccupied and Heat/Cool modes. The BAS shall also send the discharge air
temperature setpoint and the duct static pressure setpoint. If a BAS is not present, or
communication is lost with the BAS the controller shall operate using default modes and
setpoints.

Occupied:
During occupied periods, the supply fan shall run continuously and the mixed air dampers shall
open to maintain minimum ventilation requirements.
The chilled water valve shall control to maintain the active discharge air temperature setpoint.
The discharge air temperature setpoint shall be dynamically reset based on the deviation of
actual space temperature from the active space temperature setpoint. If the discharge air
temperature sensor fails, the chilled water valve shall close and an alarm shall annunciate at the
BAS.

Unoccupied:

When the space temperature is above the unoccupied cooling setpoint of 85.0 deg. F (adj.) the
supply fan shall start, the outside air damper shall remain closed and the chilled water valve
shall open. When the space temperature falls below the unoccupied cooling setpoint of 85.0
deg. F (adj.) minus the Unoccupied differential of 4.0 deg. F (adj.) the supply fan shall stop, the
chilled water valve shall close and the outside air damper shall remain closed.
When the space temperature is above the unoccupied cooling setpoint of 85.0 deg. F (adj.) the
supply fan and return fan shall start, the outside air damper shall remain closed and the chilled
water valve shall open. When the space temperature falls below the unoccupied cooling
setpoint of 85.0 deg. F (adj.) minus the Unoccupied differential of 4.0 deg. F (adj.) the supply fan
and return fan shall stop, the chilled water valve shall close and the outside air damper shall
remain closed.

Optimal Start:
The BAS shall monitor the scheduled occupied time, occupied space setpoints and space
temperature to calculate when the optimal start occurs.

Morning Warm-Up Mode

During optimal start, if the average space temperature is below the occupied heating setpoint a
Sequence of Operations: AHU - page 2
morning warm-up mode shall be activated. When morning warm-up is initiated the unit shall
enable the heating and fan(s). The outside air damper shall remain closed. When the space
temperature reaches the occupied heating setpoint (adj.), the unit shall transition to the
occupied mode.

Pre-Cool Mode:
During optimal start, if the average space temperature is above the occupied cooling setpoint,
pre-cool mode shall be activated. When pre-cool is initiated the unit shall enable the fan and
cooling. The outside air damper shall remain closed. When the space temperature reaches
occupied cooling setpoint (adj.), the unit shall transition to the occupied mode.

Optimal Stop:
The BAS shall monitor the scheduled unoccupied time, occupied setpoints and space
temperature to calculate when the optimal stop occurs. When the optimal stop mode is active
the unit controller shall maintain the space temperature to the space temperature offset setpoint.
Outside air damper shall remain enabled to provide minimum ventilation.

Occupied Bypass:
The BAS shall monitor the status of the ON and CANCEL buttons of the space temperature
sensor. When an occupied bypass request is received from a space sensor, the unit shall
transition from its current occupancy mode to occupied bypass mode and the unit shall maintain
the space temperature to the occupied setpoints (adj.).

Heat/Cool Mode:
When the space temperature rises above the occupied cooling setpoint the mode shall
transition to cooling. When the space temperature falls below the occupied heating setpoint the
mode shall transition to heating. When the space temperature is above the occupied cooling
setpoint or below the occupied heating setpoint the mode shall remain in its last state. If the
space temperature sensor fails the mode shall remain in its last state and an alarm shall
annunciate at the BAS. If the local and communicated setpoints fail the controller shall disable
the supply fan and an alarm shall annunciate at the BAS.

Supply Fan:
The supply fan shall be off in the unoccupied mode. The supply fan shall be on if the control is
heating or cooling in the unoccupied mode. When the controller is in the occupied mode, the
supply fan shall operate continuously and its speed shall be modulated to maintain the duct
static pressure setpoint. The duct static pressure setpoint shall be sent by the BAS and is reset
between the minimum and maximum static pressure limits to maintain the critical zone VAV air
Sequence of Operations: AHU - page 3
damper in a position between 65% and 75% open.
If the supply fan fails to prove status for 30 seconds (adj.), the fan shall be commanded off, the
outside air damper shall close, all heating shall be disabled, and an alarm shall annunciate at
the BAS. A manual reset shall be required to restart the fan. A hardwired, high static pressure
cut-off switch shall be electrically interlocked with the variable speed drive. If the high static
pressure cut-off switch is tripped the fan shall be commanded off, the outside air damper shall
close, cooling shall be disabled, and an alarm shall annunciate at the BAS. A manual reset of
the high static pressure cut-off switch shall be required to restart the fan.

Mixed Air Low Limit:

The initial damper opening rate shall be limited to 2% per minute (adj.) until the damper has
reached its minimum ventilation position. The outside air damper shall modulate to a position
less than the minimum damper position if the mixed air temperature drops below 50.0 deg. F
(adj.). If the mixed air temperature sensor fails an alarm shall annunciate at the BAS and the
outside air damper shall return to the minimum position.

Freeze Protection:
A hardwired, low limit temperature switch shall be electrically interlocked with the variable speed
drive. If the low limit temperature switch is tripped (38.0 deg. F adj.), the supply fan shall be
disabled, the outside air damper shall close, chilled water and hot water valves shall open to
100% (adjust per climate) and an alarm shall be annunciated at the BAS. A manual reset of
the low limit temperature switch shall be required to restart the fan. A hardwired, low limit
temperature switch shall be electrically interlocked with the variable speed drive. If the low limit
temperature switch is tripped 38.0 deg. F (adj.), the fan shall be commanded off and the outside
air damper shall close. All valves shall be commanded open to 100% (adjust per climate). An
alarm shall annunciate at the BAS and manual reset of the low limit temperature switch shall be
required to restart the fan.

Filter Status:
A differential pressure switch shall monitor the differential pressure across the filter(s) when the
fan is running. If the switch closes during normal operation a dirty filter alarm shall annunciate
at the BAS.

Daytime Warm-Up Control:

During Occupied periods, when the space temperature is below the Daytime Warm-up Initiate
setpoint, a daytime warm-up sequence shall be activated. The outside air damper shall
modulate to maintain minimum ventilation requirements, and the heating shall enable to
maintain the discharge air temperature heating setpoint. Daytime Warm-up shall terminate
Sequence of Operations: AHU - page 4
when the average space temperature reaches the Occupied heating setpoint.

Building Pressure Control (Relief Air):

After the fan startup delay expires, building static pressure shall be controlled by modulating the
Outside Air Damper. As building pressure increases over the building pressure setpoint (adj.),
the damper shall modulate closed. If the building pressure falls below the setpoint, the damper
shall modulate open.

Smoke Detector Shutdown:

The unit shall shut down in response to a signal from the smoke detector indicating the
presence of smoke. The smoke detector shall be interlocked to the unit through the dry
contacts of the smoke detector. A manual reset of the smoke detector shall be required to
restart the unit.
Sequence of Operations: COOLING PLANT SYSTEMS
System General Description:
The cooling plant control system shall monitor and control the system's chiller(s), pump(s),
cooling tower(s) and control valves as shown on the cooling plant flow diagram, on the cooling
plant points list and as detailed in the sequence of operation listed below.
The cooling plant system consists of water-cooled chiller(s) with its piping configuration
arranged as a variable primary loop supplying chilled water to the facility.
The manifolded chilled water distribution pumps are configured as lead / lag control. Dedicated
condenser water pump(s) are piped in series between the cooling tower and the chiller, the
dedicated pump is configured to only supplying condenser water flow from its tower to its
respected chiller.

Cooling Plant System Enable/Disable:

The cooling plant system shall be enabled/disabled by the cooling plant controller as requested
by the Building Automation System (BAS) human-interface panel or the BAS time of day
schedule. The cooling plant control system will start and stop the chilled water pumps and
chillers based upon system load.
When the cooling plant system is enabled the system shall send an enable signal to the lead
chiller. Upon receiving the enable signal the chiller shall send a chilled water pump request
signal to the control system to enable the chilled water pumping sequence.
When the cooling plant system is enabled, the system shall respond to a chilled water pump
request from any system chiller. The system shall command the associated chilled water
isolation valve open and enable the lead chilled water pump to start. As additional chillers
make chilled water pump requests, open the associated chilled water isolation valve and enable
the next (lag) chilled water lag pump to start.
When the cooling plant system is enabled, the system controller shall also enable the
condenser water system to maintain the condenser water temperature to it's setpoint. Refer to
condenser water and cooling tower sequences listed below for detailed operation of these
systems.
The cooling plant is disabled when all chillers are disabled and there is not an active chilled
water pump request. When the plant is disabled, the chilled water pumps shall be commanded
off and the chiller isolation valves shall be closed.

Chiller Staging:
Chillers will operate in a lead/lag sequence, so that the last chiller enabled is the first to be
disabled. The cooling plant system shall initiate the start of the next chiller in the sequence
Sequence of Operations: COOLING PLANT SYSTEMS - page 2
whenever the chilled water load, as determined by the system supply water temperature, is not
met for 20 minutes (adj.). The system shall initiate the shut down of the next chiller in the
sequence whenever excess chilled water capacity exists, as determined by percent run load
amps, for 20 minutes (adj.). Chiller lead/lag sequence order will be based on a round robin logic.
(Round robin logic example: 1-2-3, then 2-3-1, then 3-1-2, then 1-2-3, etc.).
The chiller sequence order can be rotated on a schedule. Chiller rotations will be programmed
to occur at one of the following operator-defined intervals:
• NEVER: Chillers will always have the same sequence number.
• DAY OF WEEK: Chillers will rotate on a user-specified day and time once per week.
• FIXED NUMBER OF DAYS: Chillers will rotate after the number of days specified has
elapsed.
• RUN HOURS: Chillers rotate to attempt to even out the amount of time each chiller runs.
When any chiller reaches the user-defined run hours setpoint (which is measured only from the
last rotation), the system controller can re-sequence the chillers, if necessary, to put the chiller
with the least total run hours into a higher-use position in the sequence.
• ROTATIONAL INPUT: Chillers will rotate when the specified reference commands them to
rotate.
From the system human-interface panel or a BAS operator interface, an operator shall be able
to manually change the lead/lag sequence or request any chiller to be unavailable which would
remove it from the rotation sequence.

Chiller Isolation Valves:

Chiller isolation valves shall prevent the flow of fluid through non-operating chillers. When the
system receives a chiller water pump request from a chiller, the chiller isolation valve will be
controlled to 100% open. Chiller isolation valve stroke time shall be (60-120) seconds (adj.) to
reduce operating chiller flow transients. When the valve is confirmed to be 100% open the
system will start the respective chilled water and condenser water pumps. If the chiller's
isolation valve is not confirmed open after (valve stroke time plus 60 sec) 180 seconds (adj.),
the system shall annunciate a chiller isolation valve failure alarm to the BAS operator interface.

Chilled Water Pump Commands:

When the cooling plant system is enabled, the system shall respond to a chilled water pump
request from a chiller, the system shall start a chilled water pump through a contact closure of
the pumps variable speed drive run-enable contacts. The system shall detect the chilled water
pump run status by a variable speed drive current switch. The manifolded chilled water pumps
will operate in a lead/lag sequence that shall be rotated on a weekly schedule. The rotation
Sequence of Operations: COOLING PLANT SYSTEMS - page 3
sequence shall be based on calculated run time with the pump having the least run time
designated as lead, the pump with the next lowest run time will be the second in the sequence
(or lag pump) and so on. From the system human-interface panel or a BAS operator
interface, an operator shall be able to manually change the lead/lag sequence or request any
pump to be unavailable which would remove it from the rotation sequence.
If the chilled water system differential pressure falls 0.5 psig (adj.) below setpoint and the lead
pump is at 100% (adj.) for more than 5 minutes (adj.), the next pump in the sequence shall start.
If the pump speed control output is below 40% (adj.) for more than 5 minutes (adj.), the last
operating pump in the sequence shall be disabled.

Chilled Water Pump Speed:

The system shall monitor the chilled water system differential pressure sensor. When the
pump variable speed drive is enabled, the system shall control the analog speed signal that is
sent to the pump variable speed drive to maintain the chilled water differential pressure to it's
setpoint of 15 psig (adj.).

Chilled Water Pump Failure:

If the lead start/stop relay is enabled and the pump's running status is off for more than 30
seconds (adj.), the system shall annunciate a chilled water pump failure alarm to the BAS and
start the next pump in the sequence. Once the problem has been corrected, the operator shall
be able to clear the alarm failure from the BAS operator interface or by manually overriding the
pump on. This shall re-enable the lead/standby sequence.

Chilled Water Minimum Flow Bypass Valve:

The system shall monitor the evaporator differential pressure of the chiller. When the pressure
of the operating chiller indicates a low pressure (flow), the system shall control the analog signal
that is sent to the chilled water bypass valve to maintain the minimum pressure (flow) for all
operating chillers.

Optimized Distribution Pump Differential Pressure Control:

The system shall monitor the chilled water system differential pressure sensor. The system
shall control the chilled water pump(s) variable speed drive to maintain the chilled water system
differential pressure to it's setpoint. The BAS shall monitor the position of all chilled water control
valves served by the cooling plant. At chilled water system startup, the chilled water system
pressure setpoint will be set to the system design value of XX psi (adj). In all cases the
distribution pump(s) differential pressure setpoint shall be bound between a minimum of 30 psi
(adj) and a maximum of the system design value.
Sequence of Operations: COOLING PLANT SYSTEMS - page 4
When all chilled water valves are less than 85% open, the chilled water system differential
pressure setpoint will be lowered by 0.1 psig (adj.) of the current chilled water system differential
pressure setpoint. This occurs every 5 minutes until at least one valve is more than 85% open,
or if the setpoint is equal to the minimum chilled water system differential pressure setpoint, or if
the pump variable speed drive(s) are at a minimum speed setting (22 Hz).
When any chilled water valve is more than 95% open, the chilled water system pressure
setpoint will increase by 0.1 psig (adj.) of the current chilled water system differential setpoint.
This occurs every 5 minutes until no valve is more than 95% open, or if the chilled water system
differential pressure setpoint has risen to the systems maximum setting, or if the pump variable
speed drive(s) are at the maximum setting (60 Hz).

Condenser Water System Enable/Disable:

The condenser water system shall be enabled from the cooling plant system controller or from
an optional higher level Building Automation System (BAS) based on cooling plant status. When
enabled, the cooling plant system will control of the condenser water temperature to its setpoint
(adj.) by controlling the tower fan variable speed drive enable/disable and speed control inputs.
The cooling plant system and optional higher level BAS also controls the chiller condenser flow
based on a differential pressure setpoint (adj.) by controlling the condenser water pump variable
speed drive enable/disable and speed control inputs.
When the condenser water system is disabled, the condenser water pump(s) and cooling tower
fan(s) shall be commanded off, when the condenser water pumps are confirmed off the lag
tower isolation valves shall be closed. The isolation valves for the first tower in the sequence
shall be an exception to this. It shall remain open so that the pump(s) can start immediately
when the plant is enabled.

Condenser Water Pump Commands:

The system shall start a condenser water pump through a contact closure of the pumps variable
speed drive run-enable contacts. The system shall detect condenser water pump run status by
a variable speed drive current switch.

Condenser Pump Speed:

The system shall monitor the chillers condenser differential pressure sensor(s). When the pump
variable speed drive is enabled, the system shall control the analog speed signal that is sent to
the pump variable speed drive to maintain the enabled chiller(s) condenser water differential
pressure to it's setpoint (adj.).

Condenser Pump Failure:

Sequence of Operations: COOLING PLANT SYSTEMS - page 5
If the pump start/stop relay is enabled and the current switch status is off for more than 30
seconds (adj.), the system shall annunciate a condenser water pump failure alarm to the BAS.
Once the problem has been corrected, the operator shall be able to clear the alarm failure from
the BAS operator interface or by manually overriding the pump on.

Cooling Tower Fan Start/Stop:

The system shall command a tower fan on through a contact closure of the fans variable speed
drive run-enable contacts. The system shall detect tower fan status by a variable speed drive
current switch.

Cooling Tower Control:

When a chiller is operating and the cooling tower leaving water temperature rises to 2 deg.F
(adj.) above the condenser water temperature setpoint 80 deg.F (adj), the lead cooling tower
fan shall be commanded on at minimum speed and the cooling plant system controller shall
modulate the tower fan speed to maintain the condenser water to it's setpoint. When the
operating fan is running at minimum speed, and the cooling tower leaving water temperature
falls to 5 deg. F (adj.) below condenser water temperature setpoint the cooling tower fan shall
be commanded off. Cooling tower fans shall have 3 minute (adj.) minimum on and off and
speed change delays.

Cooling Tower Failure:

If the lead tower fan start/stop relay is enabled and the current switch status is off for more than
15 seconds (adj.) or whenever the tower vibration switch is activated the system shall
annunciate a tower fan failure alarm to the BAS operator interface. When a tower fan failure
exists the system shall start the next (lag) tower in the sequence and disable the lead/lag
automation. The currently running tower cell shall become the lead cell. Once the problem has
been corrected, the operator shall be able to clear the alarm failure from the from the BAS
operator interface, by manually overriding the fan on. This action shall re-enable the lead/lag
sequence.

Cooling Tower Sump Heat Control:

The sump heat shall only be enabled when tower's condenser water system flow is disabled
and the outdoor temperature is below 38 deg.F (adj.) When enabled, cooling tower sump
heaters shall be controlled to maintain a sump temperature of 45 deg.F (adj.
A multiple position cooling tower sump level sensor shall provide High Water Alarm and Low
Water Alarm information to the BAS operator interface.
Sequence of Operations: DOAS
AIR HANDLER VAV AIR SYSTEM
Note: This sequence of operations describes the “system-level” control functions of an
air-handling unit (AHU) with VAV terminal units that are part of the air system, which includes
coordinating the operation of the AHU and the VAV units during the various operating modes.
The “equipment-level” control functions of the AHU and the terminal units are contained in their
respective sequence of operations documents.

System Operating Modes:

The Building Automation System (BAS) controller shall include a user-adjustable time-of-day
schedule to define when the various areas of the facility are expected to be occupied versus
unoccupied. Then, based on current zone conditions, the BAS determines the current system
operating mode. The BAS controller shall send the following operating modes to the unit level
controllers that are a member of the air system: Occupied Heat/Cool, Unoccupied Heat/Cool
and Morning Warmup/Pre-cool, Occupied Bypass.

Occupied Heat/Cool
During the Occupied Mode, each VAV terminal unit shall be activated to maintain zone
temperature at the occupied setpoint (cooling or heating). Meanwhile, the air-handling unit
(AHU) modulates the supply fan to deliver the required airflow to the zones, positions the
outdoor-air damper to bring in required amount of ventilation and increases/decreases the
source of cooling or heating to maintain discharge air at the desired setpoint.

Unoccupied Heat/Cool
During the Unoccupied Mode, each VAV terminal unit shall be activated to maintain zone
temperature at the unoccupied setpoint (cooling or heating). Meanwhile, the AHU shuts off,
unless a zone requires unoccupied cooling or heating. If needed to operate, the AHU modulates
the supply fan to deliver the required airflow to the zones, closes the outdoor-air damper, and
increases/decreases the source of cooling or heating to maintain discharge air at the desired
setpoint.

Morning Warm-up/Pre-cool
During the Morning Warm-up/Pre-cool Mode, each VAV terminal unit shall be activated to raise
or lower zone temperature to the occupied setpoint (cooling or heating) and then closes.
Meanwhile, the AHU modulates the supply fan to deliver the required airflow to the zones,
closes the outdoor-air damper, and increases/decreases the source of cooling or heating to
maintain discharge air at the desired setpoint.

Occupied Bypass
Sequence of Operations: DOAS - page 2
The BAS shall monitor the status of the “on” and “cancel” buttons of the system’s space
temperature sensors. When an occupied bypass request is received from a space sensor, the
unit shall transition from its current occupancy mode to occupied bypass mode.

OPTIMIZED SYSTEM-LEVEL CONTROL SEQUENCES:

The BAS controller shall perform the following optimized system-level control strategies:

Optimal Start
The BAS shall initiate Optimal Start mode such that the AHU is started and VAV boxes are
enabled to allow the zone temperature to reach the occupied heating or cooling setpoint prior to
scheduled occupancy. The system shall wait as long as possible before starting, so that the
temperature in each zone reaches the occupied setpoint just in time for scheduled occupancy.

Optimal Stop
The BAS shall initiate Optimal Stop mode such that cooling or heating is disabled so that the
zone temperature does not drift beyond the occupied standby setpoint by the end of the
scheduled occupancy period. The AHU supply fan shall continue operating, and ventilation
control shall continue, through the end of the scheduled occupancy period.

Unoccupied Economizing (Night Purge)

Between 4:00 AM (adj.) and 6:00 AM (adj), the system controller shall initiate Unoccupied
Economizing mode if the current zone temperature is at least 1°F warmer than the occupied
cooling setpoint and the outdoor dry-bulb temperature is more than 15°F (adj) cooler than the
current zone temperature. When initiated, the AHU is started (OA damper fully open, cooling
source is off) and VAV boxes are enabled to allow the zone temperature to cool to the occupied
cooling setpoint.

Optimized Control of Supply Duct Static Pressure (Fan-Pressure Optimization)

At a frequency of once every 10 minutes, the system controller shall monitor the damper
position of all VAV terminal units. The system controller shall calculate a new supply fan duct
static pressure setpoint based on the position of the furthest-open VAV damper, and send this
newly-calculated setpoint to the AHU controller. When any VAV damper is more than 75% (adj)
open, the supply fan duct static pressure setpoint shall be reset upward by 5% until no damper
is more than 75% (adj) open or the static pressure setpoint has reset to the maximum setting.
When all VAV dampers are less than 65% (adj) open, the supply fan duct static pressure
setpoint shall be reset downward by 5% until at least one damper is more than 65% (adj) open
or the static pressure setpoint has reset to the minimum setting.
Sequence of Operations: DOAS - page 3
Optimized Control of Discharge Air Temperature (DAT Reset)
At a frequency of once every 2 minutes (adj), the system controller shall monitor the outdoor
dry-bulb temperature, as well as the zone temperature and damper position of all VAV terminal
units. The system controller shall calculate a new discharge air temperature (DAT) setpoint
based on the criteria shown below, and send this newly-calculated DAT setpoint to the AHU
controller. When the outdoor air (OA) temperature is warmer than 65°F (adj), the maximum DAT
setpoint shall be 55°F (adj). When the OA temperature is colder than 55°F (adj), the maximum
DAT setpoint shall be 65°F (adj). When the OA temperature is between 55°F (adj) and 65°F
(adj), the maximum DAT setpoint shall be reset proportionally between 55°F (adj) and 65°F
(adj).
All values below are adjustable.
1. If the zone temperature exceeds the zone’s cooling set point by 5°F for 2 minutes, send 3
requests.
2. Else if the zone temperature exceeds the zone’s cooling set point by 3°F for 2 minutes,
send 2 requests.
3. Else if the cooling loop is greater than 95%, send 1 request until the cooling loop is less
than 85%.
4. Else if the cooling loop is less than 95%, send 0 requests.
System shall default to ignoring the first 2 requests (adj). When Requests > Ignores the system
shall respond by adjusting setpoint downward by (Requests – Ignores) * -0.3°F (adj), but no
larger than 1.0 °F (adj). When Requests are equal to, or less than Ignores the setpoint shall be
reset upward by 0.2°F (adj). Setpoint shall be bound by a minimum and maximum value which
can be set per air handler.

Optimized Control of Ventilation (Ventilation Optimization) with OA Flow Measurement

The actual outdoor airflow shall be sensed at the outdoor air intake of the AHU, and controlled
to an airflow setpoint determined according to ASHRAE Standard 62.1. When the BAS
time-of-day schedule indicates that a zone is unoccupied, the required outdoor airflow for that
zone shall be zero. When the schedule indicates that a zone is occupied, the required outdoor
airflow for that zone shall equal the design outdoor airflow, unless the zone is equipped with
occupancy sensor and/or a carbon dioxide (CO¬2) sensor, or uses a time-of-day ventilation
schedule, to reduce the required outdoor airflow during periods of partial occupancy. The
required outdoor-air fraction (current required outdoor airflow divided by the current primary
airflow) shall be continuously calculated for each zone (VAV terminal unit). At a frequency of
once every 10 minutes, the BAS shall gather this data from all VAV terminal units, calculate the
minimum required outdoor airflow for the system according to ASHRAE 62.1, and send this
Sequence of Operations: DOAS - page 4
newly-calculated outdoor airflow setpoint to the AHU controller.
Sequence of Operations: DOAU
Building Automation System Interface:
The Building Automation System (BAS) shall send the controller an Occupied or Unoccupied
command. The BAS shall also send the discharge air temperature setpoint, a discharge dew
point setpoint, and the duct pressure setpoint. If communication is lost with the BAS, the
controller shall operate in the occupied cooling mode using its default discharge air and duct
static pressure setpoints.

Occupied:
During occupied periods, the supply fan shall run continuously, the outside air damper shall
open fully before the fan starts, and the recirculation air damper shall close. During occupied
periods, the supply fan shall run continuously, the outside air damper shall open fully before the
fan starts, and the recirculation air damper shall close. When starting unit in sub-freezing
weather the unit will start in the recirculation mode with outdoor air damper closed, recirculation
damper open, and relief fan enabled. After a time delay the supply fan will be enabled and
transitioned to occupied mode.
When the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature is greater than the discharge air temperature cooling
setpoint, the chilled water valve shall modulate to maintain the discharge air temperature
cooling setpoint of 55.0 deg. F (adj). If the discharge air temperature sensor fails during normal
operation, the cooling and heating shall be disabled and an alarm shall be annunciated at the
BAS.

Unoccupied:
During unoccupied periods, the supply and relief fans shall be disabled, the outside air damper
shall close, and the cooling and heating shall be disabled.

Supply and Relief Fans (DOAU):

In the occupied mode, the supply fan shall operate continuously and modulate the variable
speed drive to maintain duct pressure setpoint. When the supply fan is operating and the
outdoor air damper position is more than 50% open (indicating the unit is transitioning to the
Occupied Mode), the AHU controller shall open the relief air damper, start the relief fan, and
modulate the relief fan speed to the current supply fan speed minus a user-selected offset. If
the outdoor air damper position is less than 50% open (or if the supply fan is not operating), the
relief fan shall be disabled and the relief air damper shall be closed. If either fan fails to prove
status for 30 seconds (adj.), both fans shall be disabled, the outside air damper closed, all
heating/cooling shall be disabled, and an alarm shall be annunciated at the BAS. A manual
reset shall be required to restart the fans. A hardwired, high static pressure cut-off switch shall
be electrically interlocked with the supply fan variable speed drive. If the high static pressure
Sequence of Operations: DOAU - page 2
cut-off switch is tripped, both fans shall be disabled, the outside air damper shall close, all
heating/cooling shall be disabled, and an alarm shall be annunciated at the BAS. A manual
reset of the high static pressure cut-off switch shall be required to restart the fans In the
unoccupied mode, the supply and relief fans shall be off.

Freeze Protection:
A hardwired, low limit temperature switch shall be electrically interlocked with the variable speed
drive. If the low limit temperature switch is tripped (38.0 deg. F adj.), the supply fan shall be
disabled, the outside air damper shall close, chilled water and hot water valves shall open to
100% (adjust per climate) and an alarm shall be annunciated at the BAS. A manual reset of
the low limit temperature switch shall be required to restart the fan.

Filter Status:
A differential pressure switch shall monitor the differential pressure across the filter(s) when the
fan is running. If the switch closes during normal operation a dirty filter alarm shall annunciate
at the BAS.

Building Pressure Control (DOAU):

A differential pressure transducer shall actively monitor the difference in pressure between the
building (indoors) and outdoors. If the building pressure difference increases above the desired
setpoint, the AHU controller shall open the relief air damper, turn on the relief fan, and modulate
the relief fan variable speed drive, between the current supply fan speed and the current supply
fan speed minus an offset, to control the building pressure difference at setpoint. If the building
pressure difference decreases below the desired setpoint, the controller shall close the relief air
damper and turn off the relief fan.

Energy Recovery Operation:

When the outdoor air enthalpy is greater than the relief air enthalpy, the total energy wheel shall
be enabled and both outdoor air and relief air bypass dampers shall be closed. When the
outdoor air enthalpy is less than the relief air enthalpy and the AHU is cooling, the total energy
wheel shall be disabled and both outdoor air and relief air bypass dampers shall be open.
When commanded off, the total energy wheel shall operate for 2 minutes every 4 hours to avoid
fouling. When the AHU is heating, the total energy wheel shall be enabled as the first stage of
heat, the outdoor air bypass damper shall be closed, and the relief air bypass damper shall
modulate (as necessary) to maintain discharge air temperature heating setpoint of 60.0 deg. F
(adj.) or to prevent the discharge air dew point from exceeding the discharge air dew point
setpoint. If the outdoor air temperature drops below the frost threshold setpoint (adj.), the
Sequence of Operations: DOAU - page 3
outdoor air bypass damper shall modulate to maintain the relief-side leaving dry-bulb
temperature at setpoint. If the outdoor air bypass damper reaches 100% open for 5 minutes
(adj.), the total energy wheel shall be disabled to prevent frosting.

Smoke Detector Shutdown:

The unit shall shut down in response to a signal from the smoke detector indicating the
presence of smoke. The smoke detector shall be interlocked to the unit through the dry
contacts of the smoke detector. A manual reset of the smoke detector shall be required to
restart the unit.
Sequence of Operations: VARIABLE AIR VOLUME SYSTEM
AIR HANDLER VAV AIR SYSTEM
Note: This sequence of operations describes the “system-level” control functions of an
air-handling unit (AHU) with VAV terminal units that are part of the air system, which includes
coordinating the operation of the AHU and the VAV units during the various operating modes.
The “equipment-level” control functions of the AHU and the terminal units are contained in their
respective sequence of operations documents.

System Operating Modes:

The Building Automation System (BAS) controller shall include a user-adjustable time-of-day
schedule to define when the various areas of the facility are expected to be occupied versus
unoccupied. Then, based on current zone conditions, the BAS determines the current system
operating mode. The BAS controller shall send the following operating modes to the unit level
controllers that are a member of the air system: Occupied Heat/Cool, Unoccupied Heat/Cool
and Morning Warmup/Pre-cool, Occupied Bypass.

Occupied Heat/Cool
During the Occupied Mode, each VAV terminal unit shall be activated to maintain zone
temperature at the occupied setpoint (cooling or heating). Meanwhile, the air-handling unit
(AHU) modulates the supply fan to deliver the required airflow to the zones, positions the
outdoor-air damper to bring in required amount of ventilation and increases/decreases the
source of cooling or heating to maintain discharge air at the desired setpoint.

Unoccupied Heat/Cool
During the Unoccupied Mode, each VAV terminal unit shall be activated to maintain zone
temperature at the unoccupied setpoint (cooling or heating). Meanwhile, the AHU shuts off,
unless a zone requires unoccupied cooling or heating. If needed to operate, the AHU modulates
the supply fan to deliver the required airflow to the zones, closes the outdoor-air damper, and
increases/decreases the source of cooling or heating to maintain discharge air at the desired
setpoint.

Morning Warm-up/Pre-cool
During the Morning Warm-up/Pre-cool Mode, each VAV terminal unit shall be activated to raise
or lower zone temperature to the occupied setpoint (cooling or heating) and then closes.
Meanwhile, the AHU modulates the supply fan to deliver the required airflow to the zones,
closes the outdoor-air damper, and increases/decreases the source of cooling or heating to
maintain discharge air at the desired setpoint.

Occupied Bypass
Sequence of Operations: VARIABLE AIR VOLUME SYSTEM - page 2
The BAS shall monitor the status of the “on” and “cancel” buttons of the system’s space
temperature sensors. When an occupied bypass request is received from a space sensor, the
unit shall transition from its current occupancy mode to occupied bypass mode.

OPTIMIZED SYSTEM-LEVEL CONTROL SEQUENCES:

The BAS controller shall perform the following optimized system-level control strategies:

Optimal Start
The BAS shall initiate Optimal Start mode such that the AHU is started and VAV boxes are
enabled to allow the zone temperature to reach the occupied heating or cooling setpoint prior to
scheduled occupancy. The system shall wait as long as possible before starting, so that the
temperature in each zone reaches the occupied setpoint just in time for scheduled occupancy.

Optimal Stop
The BAS shall initiate Optimal Stop mode such that cooling or heating is disabled so that the
zone temperature does not drift beyond the occupied standby setpoint by the end of the
scheduled occupancy period. The AHU supply fan shall continue operating, and ventilation
control shall continue, through the end of the scheduled occupancy period.

Unoccupied Economizing (Night Purge)

Between 4:00 AM (adj.) and 6:00 AM (adj), the system controller shall initiate Unoccupied
Economizing mode if the current zone temperature is at least 1°F warmer than the occupied
cooling setpoint and the outdoor dry-bulb temperature is more than 15°F (adj) cooler than the
current zone temperature. When initiated, the AHU is started (OA damper fully open, cooling
source is off) and VAV boxes are enabled to allow the zone temperature to cool to the occupied
cooling setpoint.

Optimized Control of Supply Duct Static Pressure (Fan-Pressure Optimization)

At a frequency of once every 10 minutes, the system controller shall monitor the damper
position of all VAV terminal units. The system controller shall calculate a new supply fan duct
static pressure setpoint based on the position of the furthest-open VAV damper, and send this
newly-calculated setpoint to the AHU controller. When any VAV damper is more than 75% (adj)
open, the supply fan duct static pressure setpoint shall be reset upward by 5% until no damper
is more than 75% (adj) open or the static pressure setpoint has reset to the maximum setting.
When all VAV dampers are less than 65% (adj) open, the supply fan duct static pressure
setpoint shall be reset downward by 5% until at least one damper is more than 65% (adj) open
or the static pressure setpoint has reset to the minimum setting.
Sequence of Operations: VARIABLE AIR VOLUME SYSTEM - page 3
Optimized Control of Discharge Air Temperature (DAT Reset)
At a frequency of once every 10 minutes, the system controller shall monitor the outdoor
dry-bulb temperature, as well as the zone temperature and damper position of all VAV terminal
units. The BAS shall calculate a new DAT setpoint based on current outdoor air (OA)
temperature, and send this newly-calculated DAT setpoint to the AHU controller. When the OA
temperature is warmer than 65°F (adj), the DAT setpoint shall be 55°F (adj). When the OA
temperature is colder than 55°F (adj), the DAT setpoint shall be 60°F (adj). When the OA
temperature is between 55°F (adj) and 65°F (adj), the DAT setpoint shall be reset proportionally
between 55°F (adj) and 60°F (adj). If at least two (adj) zones have both 1) a VAV damper that is
more than 75% open, and 2) a current zone temperature that is higher than the current cooling
setpoint, then the DAT setpoint shall return to 55°F (adj). If the outdoor dew point is higher than
60°F (adj), this DAT Reset sequence shall be suspended and the DAT setpoint shall be reset to
55°F (adj) until outdoor dew point drops below 57°F (adj).

Optimized Control of Ventilation (Ventilation Optimization) with OA Flow Measurement

The actual outdoor airflow shall be sensed at the outdoor air intake of the AHU, and controlled
to an airflow setpoint determined according to ASHRAE Standard 62.1. When the BAS
time-of-day schedule indicates that a zone is unoccupied, the required outdoor airflow for that
zone shall be zero. When the schedule indicates that a zone is occupied, the required outdoor
airflow for that zone shall equal the design outdoor airflow, unless the zone is equipped with
occupancy sensor and/or a carbon dioxide (CO¬2) sensor, or uses a time-of-day ventilation
schedule, to reduce the required outdoor airflow during periods of partial occupancy. The
required outdoor-air fraction (current required outdoor airflow divided by the current primary
airflow) shall be continuously calculated for each zone (VAV terminal unit). At a frequency of
once every 10 minutes, the BAS shall gather this data from all VAV terminal units, calculate the
minimum required outdoor airflow for the system according to ASHRAE 62.1, and send this
newly-calculated outdoor airflow setpoint to the AHU controller.
Sequence of Operations: VAV BOX
Sequence of Operations: VAV BOX