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Access and Use Internet Lecture

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Access and Use Internet Lecture

Uploaded by

bilisashobe430
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADAMA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

ICT SUPPORT SERVICE


Level II

Information Sheet

Unit of Competence: Access and use Internet

LO1: Access Internet


LO2: Search Internet
Information Sheet-1 Introduction to the internet
INTERNET

Definition, use, and basic terminologies of Internet


The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of
computer networks - a network of networks in which users at any one computer
can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer (and
sometimes talk directly to users at other computers).

The internet is computer based global information system. It is composed of


many interconnected computer networks. Each network may link thousands of
computers enabling them to share information.

The internet has brought a transformation in many aspects of life. It is one of


the biggest contributors in making the world into a global village. Use of internet
has grown tremendously since it was introduced. It is mostly because of its
flexibility. Nowadays one can access the internet easily. Most people have
computers in their homes but even the ones who don’t they can always go to cyber
cafes where this service is provided.

The internet developed from software called the ARPANET which the U.S
military had developed. It was only restrict to military personnel and the people
who developed it. Only after it was privatized was it allowed to be used
commercially.

Benefits of Internet
 Access to information
 Electronic mail
 Research
 Downloading files
 Education and self-improvement
 Shopping
 Electronic newspapers and magazines
 Provide usquick and free communication
o Twitter
o Facebook
 Entertainment
o Online games
o Reading online books and e-books
o Keeping up to date with the news and sporting events

Basic Internet Terms and Terminology


Here is a look at the buzzwords of the world of Internet.

ARPANET: The acronym stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
ARPA of the United States Department of Defense developed ARPANET, which
became the world’s first packet switching network. Internet is the successor of
ARPANET.

Internet Service Provider: A company, which provides users with an access to


the Internet, is known as an Internet service provider or Internet access provider.
ISP, as it is called, offers email accounts and other services like remote storage of
files for its customers. Here is a word about choosing a cheap ISP.

IP Address: It is a way of numerically identifying an entity on a computer


network. The original addressing system known as IPv4, used 32 bit addresses.
With the growth of the Internet, IPv6 came to be used wherein the addresses are
composed of 128 bits.

WWW: It is a collection of interlinked documents that are accessible over the


Internet. It consists of millions of web pages that contain text, images, voice and
videos. Sir Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist working at CERN, created the World
Wide Web.

Website: A website is a set of web pages consisting of text, audio and video. Web
servers host websites.

URL: It specifies the location of a resource on the Internet. It consists of the basic
address and path.

Web Page: Web pages are resources of information. They are generally created in
the HTML format and provide the web users with navigational abilities through
hyperlinks to other web pages on the web.

Home Page: The term home page is used to refer to the page that is the default
page of any website. It is the main page of a complex website.

Web Browser: A web browser is a software application that facilitates user


interaction with the text, audio, video and other information that is located on the
web.

HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol, abbreviated as HTTP, is a communications


protocol used for the transfer of information over the Internet. A client makes an
HTTP request using a web browser to which an HTTP response is sent from the
server.
Hyperlink: A reference in a document to another section of the document or to
another document is termed as a hyperlink. Hyperlinks are used to redirect the user
from one section of a page content to another.

Email: It is a store-and-forward method of writing, sending and receiving written


messages. Electronic mail is an Internet e-mail system that uses network-based
protocols to exchange messages between network subsystems.

Email Address: It identifies the network location to which an email can be


delivered. An email address is a combination of the username of the mail user and
the host name of the mailing system. It is of the form, ‘username@domain-name’.
An email alias is a forwarding email address. It simply forwards emails to specific
email addresses.

Spamming: The act of sending unsolicited bulk messages over an email system is
known as spamming. It is an undesirable use of the electronic messaging systems.

Phishing: It is a fraudulent activity of acquiring the sensitive information by the


use of a fake identity during electronic communication. It is implemented by means
of emails and instant messages wherein a user is lured to enter his/her details,
which are actually captured by a fraudulent website.

Hacking: Hacking is the activity of programmatically gaining access to a computer


application that is otherwise inaccessible. The act of gaining an unauthorized access
to a computer is known as hacking. Hacking of passwords that leads to breach of
email privacy is a threat to communication over the Internet. Internet crimes refer
to all the criminal activities that are carried over the Internet.

Email Virus: It is a computer code that is transmitted through an email in the form
of an attachment. The email attachment causes the destruction of some of the files
on the receiver computer’s hard disk and is programmatically emailed to the
contacts in the address book of the receiver.

Internet Bookmark: The Internet browsers of the modern times aim at enabling
the users to organize the web pages they access. Links once visited can be saved in
the favorites or preferences categories. Bookmarks are usually integrated into
browsers. Social bookmarking is a method used by the Internet users to store and
manage web pages.

Web Directories: It is a directory, which links to other websites and organizes


those links. They should not be mistaken as being search engines.
Makeup and structure of web addresses

Web Sites and URLs

A Web site is simply data that is stored on a WWW server and which can be
freely accessed by people 'surfing the Net'.

For instance Microsoft have their own Web site from which you can download
information and software. The trouble is that you have to know the address of the
Web site; in much the same way as if you want to phone someone you have to
know his or her phone number.

The address of a Web site is given by something called its URL (Uniform
Resource Locator). The structure of the URL is very precise. For instance, if you
wish to use your Web browser to visit the Microsoft Web site you would have to use
the URL below.

http://www.microsoft.com

Thus if you wish to visit the Web site of the company that produced this
training material you would use the URL:

http://www.cctglobal.com

Due to the very large number of organizations who now have Web sites, you
can also use a search engine, in which you can enter a word or phrase connected
with what you wish to find and it will then display sites that match the information
that you have entered. The results can be overwhelming however. A recent search
using the search words "PC courseware" displayed a list of 4.5 million sites
containing these words!

What is a hyperlink?

A hyperlink is simply part of the text (or graphic) on a Web page, that when
clicked on will automatically:

 Take you to a different part of the same page


 Take you to a different page within the Web site
 Take you to a page in a different Web site
 Enable you to download a file
 Launch an application, video or sound

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