INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INDORE
MA 106 Linear Algebra and Ordinary Differential Equations-I
Assignment − DE 1
1. State the order, and determine whether the equation under consideration is linear or
nonlinear.
dy
(a) + x2 y = xex .
dx
4 2 2 5
d y d y
(b) + 3 + 5y = 0.
dx4 dx2
d2 y
(c) + y sin x = 0.
dx2
d6 y
4 3
d y d y
(d) 6
+ 4
+ x = t.
dt dt dt3
2. Show that every function f defined by f (x) = (x3 + c)e−3x where c is an arbitrary
constant, is a solution of the differential equation
dy
+ 3 = 32 e−3x .
dx
3. For certain values of the constant n the function g defined by g(x) = xn is a solution of
the differential equation
d3 y 2
2d y dy
x3 3
+ 2x 2
− 10x − 8y = 0.
dx dx dx
Determine all such values of n.
Answer: n = −1, −2, 4.
dy
4. Consider the differential equations = αy, x > 0, where α is a constant. Show that
dx
(a) if f (x) is any solution and g(x) = f (x)e−αx , then g(x) is a constant function.
(b) if α < 0, then every solution tends to zero as x → ∞.
5. Every solution of the differential equation
d2 y
+y =0
dx2
may be written in the form y = c1 sin x + c2 cos x, for some choice of the arbitrary
constants c1 and c2 . Using this information, show that boundary problems (6a) and
(6b) possess solutions but that (6c) does not.
d2 y
(a) + y = 0, y(0) = 0, y( π2 ) = 1.
dx2
2
d2 y
(b) + y = 0, y(0) = 1, y 0 ( π2 ) = −1.
dx2
d2 y
(c) + y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(π) = 1.
dx2
6. Determine which of the following equations are exact, and solve the ones that are.
(a) x + y2 dy + ydx = 0.
(b) (y − x3 )dx + (x + y 3 )dy = 0.
(c) (y + y cos(xy))dx + (x + x cos(xy))dy = 0.
(d) (1 + y)dx + (1 − x)dy = 0.
(e) (sin x tan y + 1)dx + cos x sec2 ydy = 0.
Answer: (6a) xy + ln y 2 = c, (6b) 4xy − x4 + y 4 = c (6c) xy + sin xy = c, (6d) Not exact,
(6e) Not exact.
7. In each of the following equations determine the most general function N (x, y) such
that the equation is exact:
(a) (x3 + xy 2 )dx + N (x, y)dy = 0.
(b) (x−2 y −2 + xy −3 )dx + N (x, y)dy = 0.
Answer: (a) x2 y + c, (b) 2x−1 y −3 − 32 x2 y −4 + c.
8. Consider the differential equation
(4x + 3y 2 )dx + 2xydy = 0.
(a) Show that this equation is not exact.
(b) Find an integrating factor of the form xn , where n is a positive integer.
(c) Multiply the given equation through by the integrating factor and solve the result-
ing exact equation.
Answer: (b) x2 , (c) x4 + x3 y 2 = c.
9. Solve the following differential equations for which the type of integrating factor has
been indicated:
(a) (x − y 2 )dx + 2xydy = 0 [u(x)].
(b) ydx + x(1 − 3x2 y 2 )dy = 0 [u(xy)].
−2 y −2
Answer: (a) x−2 , y 2 + x ln x = cx, (b) (xy)−3 , y 6 = ce−x .
10. Solve y 2 dx + (3xy − 1)dy = 0.
dy
11. Solve = |x|.
dx
12. Find an integrating factor of the form µ(x2 + y 2 ) of the equation
dy
(x + x4 + 2x2 y 2 + y 4 ) + y = 0.
dx
————– × ————–
