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    Big Bang

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    inventad0assim

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Big Bang

    Uploaded by

    inventad0assim
    11 views2 pages

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    11 views2 pages

    Big Bang

    Uploaded by

    inventad0assim

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    The Big Bang is the prevailing cosmological model explaining the origin of the

    universe. According to this theory, the universe began from an extremely hot and dense
    state approximately 13.8 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. Here's a
    breakdown of the key concepts and evidence supporting the Big Bang theory:

    Key Concepts

    1. Singularity: The Big Bang posits that the universe started as a singularity, a
    point of infinite density and temperature.
    2. Expansion: The universe has been expanding from this initial state. This
    expansion is not like an explosion from a single point in space but rather an
    expansion of space itself.
    3. Cosmic Inflation: A rapid exponential expansion of the universe occurred
    fractions of a second after the Big Bang, smoothing out the distribution of matter
    and energy and explaining the large-scale uniformity of the universe.
    4. Formation of Elements: In the first few minutes, nuclear fusion occurred,
    leading to the formation of light elements like hydrogen, helium, and small
    amounts of lithium—a process known as Big Bang nucleosynthesis.
    5. Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): About 380,000 years after the Big
    Bang, the universe cooled enough for protons and electrons to combine into
    neutral hydrogen atoms, allowing photons to travel freely. This left behind a
    faint glow detectable today as the CMB.
    6. Large-Scale Structure: Over billions of years, matter clumped together to form
    galaxies, stars, and other cosmic structures under the influence of gravity.

    Evidence Supporting the Big Bang

    1. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation: Discovered in 1965 by Arno


    Penzias and Robert Wilson, the CMB is considered a crucial piece of evidence
    for the Big Bang. It provides a snapshot of the universe when it was just 380,000
    years old, showing a uniform radiation field with slight temperature fluctuations
    that correspond to the seeds of galaxies.
    2. Hubble's Law and Redshift: Edwin Hubble observed that galaxies are moving
    away from us, with their light shifted to longer (redder) wavelengths. This
    redshift indicates that the universe is expanding, a key prediction of the Big
    Bang model.
    3. Abundance of Light Elements: The relative proportions of hydrogen, helium,
    and lithium observed in the universe match the predictions from Big Bang
    nucleosynthesis.
    4. Large-Scale Structure of the Universe: The distribution of galaxies and
    clusters of galaxies corresponds to the density fluctuations observed in the
    CMB, supporting the growth of structure from the initial conditions described by
    the Big Bang.
    5. Galactic Evolution and Distribution: Observations of distant galaxies show
    them in earlier stages of development, aligning with the timeline of the
    universe's expansion and evolution from the Big Bang.

    Ongoing Research and Questions


    Despite its success, the Big Bang theory does leave some questions unanswered and is
    an area of active research. Topics of interest include the nature of dark matter and dark
    energy, the exact mechanism of inflation, and what preceded the Big Bang.

    The Big Bang model remains the cornerstone of modern cosmology, providing a
    comprehensive framework for understanding the history and structure of the universe.

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