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    PAG1.2Terminal Velocity v1.2 3

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    PAG1.2Terminal Velocity v1.2 3

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    ymmiah7
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    9 views5 pages

    PAG1.2Terminal Velocity v1.2 3

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    ymmiah7

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    of 5

    PROTOCOL NUMBER: 18

    PAG1: Investigating motion


    1.2 Investigating terminal velocity
    STUDENT

    Investigating Terminal Velocity TECHNICIAN COPY P235

    Tech detail P163-picture below

    Method 1

    In this experiment, you will measure the terminal velocity of a ball bearing as it falls through
    a viscous liquid with the possibility of using this value to determine the viscosity as an
    extension task.

    Aim

     To determine terminal velocity for an object falling through a viscous liquid

    Intended class time

     90 to 120 minutes

    Equipment (per group)

     measuring cylinder

     beaker containing viscous liquid

     access to a balance and micrometer screw gauge

     tube filled with viscous liquid

     elastic bands or other method of marking distances along tube

     steel ball bearings

     magnet

     metre rule

     stopwatch

     paper towels

    Health and safety

    Beware of falling objects.

    This document may have modified from the original – check the master version on OCR Interchange if in doubt.

    © OCR 2015 Page 1 v1.2 – January 2016


    PROTOCOL NUMBER: 18
    PAG1: Investigating motion
    1.2 Investigating terminal velocity
    STUDENT

    Procedure

    1. Measure the mass of an empty measuring cylinder. Pour some of the viscous liquid into
    the measuring cylinder. Record the volume of liquid and the new mass of the measuring
    cylinder.
    2. Determine the density of the liquid.
    3. Measure and record the mass (m) and diameter (d) of the ball bearings.
    4. Carefully drop a ball bearing into the centre of the liquid and watch it fall as shown in
    Fig. 1.

    5. Think about where the elastic bands should be placed to identify the distance
    travelled in equal time periods as the ball falls through the liquid.
    6. As the ball drops, mark the positions of the ball at fixed time intervals using elastic
    bands. The magnet can be used to take a ball bearing out of the tube to repeat your
    measurements and refine the position of the bands.

    This document may have modified from the original – check the master version on OCR Interchange if in doubt.

    © OCR 2015 Page 2 v1.2 – January 2016


    PROTOCOL NUMBER: 18
    PAG1: Investigating motion
    1.2 Investigating terminal velocity
    STUDENT

    7. For each time period measure the distance travelled between consecutive elastic
    bands, record the time period and use this time to calculate the average velocity of
    the ball.
    8. Plot a graph of velocity, v, on the y-axis and cumulative time from the release of the
    ball, t, on the x-axis and draw a smooth curve.
    9. Identify the time at which the ball reached its terminal velocity.
    10. Use your graph to determine the best value of terminal velocity.

    11. Identify the range of values for terminal velocity and calculate the maximum
    percentage variation from your best value.

    12. a) Draw a sequence of diagrams to represent the forces acting on the ball bearing at
    three different positions showing how they change.

    b) Discuss what you would expect to happen with smaller or larger ball bearings,
    giving scientific explanations to support your reasoning.

    Recording

    As evidence for the Practical Endorsement you should have the data collected from your
    group in a clear and logical format. All work should be clearly dated.

    In addition, to support the assessment of practical skills in the written examination and to
    help you develop your understanding, you have used the data collected to plot a graph to
    determine the terminal velocity of the ball.

    Extension to reinforce Area under velocity/time graph represents Displacement

    Determining the area under the velocity/time graph should give a result equal to the depth of
    the viscous liquid.

    Be very careful to note the units used in measurement and the scales on each axis to make
    sure that your answer is in the correct units.

    Extension to determine the viscosity of the liquid

    Determine a value for the viscosity of the liquid using the equation

    4 3
    η = (mg - r g)
    3
    6rv

    Where:

     η = viscosity of liquid  r = radius of the ball bearing


     m = mass of the ball bearing  ρ = density of the liquid
     g = acceleration of free fall  ν = terminal velocity
    This document may have modified from the original – check the master version on OCR Interchange if in doubt.

    © OCR 2015 Page 3 v1.2 – January 2016


    PROTOCOL NUMBER: 18
    PAG1: Investigating motion
    1.2 Investigating terminal velocity
    STUDENT

    Evaluating your result

     Comment on the reliability of your value for viscosity by considering your results and
    possible variations in timings.
     Estimate the error in timing. Estimate the error in your diameter measurements.
     Combine the errors of all measurements to estimate the percentage error in viscosity

    Method 2

    In this experiment, you will determine the terminal velocity of a bun-case as it falls through
    the air.

    Aim

     To determine terminal velocity for an object falling through the air

    Intended class time

     60 minutes

    Equipment (per group)

     bun-case

     access to a balance

     vernier calipers or calipers

     metre rule x 2

     stopwatch

    Health and safety

    Beware of falling objects.

    Procedure

    1. Record the mass of the bun-case.


    2. Measure with a recorded uncertainty the dimensions of the bun-case and draw a scale
    diagram of it.
    3. Drop the bun-case from approximately 1m above the ground and observe its fall.
    4. Plan a method to time the fall of the bun-case as accurately as possible.
    5. Time the descent of the bun-case from 1m and then in increments up to a maximum of
    2m to give sufficient data for analysis.
    6. Plot a graph of time against height of drop.
    7. Plot a graph of average speed against height of drop.

    This document may have modified from the original – check the master version on OCR Interchange if in doubt.

    © OCR 2015 Page 4 v1.2 – January 2016


    PROTOCOL NUMBER: 18
    PAG1: Investigating motion
    1.2 Investigating terminal velocity
    STUDENT
    8. Use these graphs to estimate the terminal velocity and give your reasoning.
    Recording

    As evidence for the Practical Endorsement you should have the data collected from your
    group in a clear and logical format. All work should be clearly dated.

    In addition, to support the assessment of practical skills in the written examination and to
    help you develop your understanding, you have used the data collected to plot graphs to
    determine the terminal velocity of the bun-case.

    USEFUL PROTOCOLS:
     Terminal velocity- large tube
     Terminal velocity – cupcake holders

    Area Criteria Achieved


    (b) safely and correctly use a range of practical
    equipment and materials
    (c) follow written instructions
    Use and application
    of scientific methods (d) make and record
    and practices observations/measurements
    (e)keep appropriate records of experimental
    activities
    (f) present information and data in a scientific
    way
    (j) use a wide range of experimental and
    Instruments and practical instruments, equipment and
    equipment techniques appropriate to the knowledge and
    understanding included in the specification
    (a) use analogue apparatus to measure length
    (b) use of appropriate digital instruments to
    include time…
    Use of apparatus (c) use methods to increase accuracy such as a
    and techniques plumb line
    (d) use of stopwatch or light gates for timing
    (e) use of calipers and micrometers for small
    distances, using digital or vernier scales

    (1) Follows written instructions

    (3) Safely uses a range of practical equipment


    CPAC
    and materials

    (4) Makes and records observations

    This document may have modified from the original – check the master version on OCR Interchange if in doubt.

    © OCR 2015 Page 5 v1.2 – January 2016

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