Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani
Work Integrated Learning Programmes Division
Second Semester 2023-2024
Mid-Semester Test (EC-2 Regular)
Course No. : DE ZG611
Course Title : Dynamics and Vibrations
Nature of Exam : Closed Book No. of Pages = 2
Weightage : 30% (60 Marks) No. of Questions = 5
Duration : 2 Hours
Date of Exam : 16/03/2024 AN
Note to Students:
1. Please follow all the Instructions to Candidates given on the cover page of the answer book.
2. All parts of a question should be answered consecutively. Each answer should start from a fresh page.
3. Assumptions made if any, should be stated clearly at the beginning of your answer.
4. Take at least 3 digits after decimal point in results
Q.1 Shown in figure is a model of an automobile that vibrates in vertical direction as it travels
over a road speed breaker. Mass of the automobile is 1000 Kg and spring constant of the
automobile suspension system is 500 KN/m. The damping ratio is 0.42 and automobile
speed is 18 KMPH. Assume that road surface with the speed breaker is of sinusoidal
form with a wave length of 5.2 m and amplitude of the road surface is 0.045 m.
Determine the amplitude of displacement of the automobile. 10 M
𝑣
Solution: Automobile velocity= 𝑣, Frequency of vibration = 𝑓, Wave length 𝜆 = 𝑓 ,
1000 𝑚 𝑣 5
𝑣 = 18 ∗ 3600 = 5 𝑠 , 𝜆 = 5.2 𝑚 𝑓 = 𝜆 = 5.2 = 0.9615 𝐻𝑧, 1M
𝜔 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑓 = 2𝜋 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓, 𝜔 = 6.041 . 1M
𝑠
𝐾 𝐾𝑁 500000 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜔𝑛 = √𝑚 𝑚 = 1000 𝑘𝑔 𝐾 = 500 𝜔𝑛 = √ = 22.361 1M
𝑚 1000 𝑠
𝑌𝐾√1+(2𝜉𝑟)2
𝑋= 1M
√[𝐾−𝑚𝜔 2 ]2 +[𝐶𝜔]2
𝜔 6.041
𝜉 = 0.42 𝑟 = 𝜔 = 22.361 = 0.27 𝑌 = 0.045 𝑚 1 M
𝑛
𝑁𝑠
𝐶𝑐 = 2𝑚𝜔𝑛 = 2 ∗ 1000 ∗ 22.361 = 44,722 𝑚 1M
𝐶 𝑁𝑠
𝜉 = 𝐶 , 𝐶 = 𝐶𝑐 𝜉 = 44,722 ∗ 0.42 = 18783.24 𝑚 2M
𝑐
0.045∗500∗1000√1+(2∗0.42∗0.27)2
𝑋= 𝑋 = 0.0483 𝑚 2 M
√[500∗1000−1000∗(6.041)2 ]2 +[18783.24∗6.041]2
Q.2 A milling machine, of mass 400 Kg placed on a foundation and the static deflection of
the foundation due to the weight of the machine is found to be 7.2 cm. The machine
vibrates with an amplitude of 1.2 cm, when the base of the foundation is subjected to
harmonic oscillation with an amplitude of 0.22 cm and its frequency is same as the
undamped natural frequency of the system. Find the damping constant of the foundation,
the dynamic force amplitude on the base, and the amplitude of the displacement of the
machine relative to the base. 10 M
Solution: 𝑚 = 400 𝐾𝑔 𝛿𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡 = 7.2 𝐶𝑚 = 0.072 𝑚
𝑋 = 1.2 𝐶𝑚 = 0.012 𝑚 𝑌 = 0.22 𝐶𝑚 = 0.0022 𝑚
𝜔
𝜔 = 𝜔𝑛 𝑟=𝜔 =1 1M
𝑛
𝑔 9.81 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜔𝑛 = √𝛿 = √0.072 = 11.6726 1M
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝑠
𝐾 𝐾 𝑁
𝜔𝑛 = √𝑚 11.6726 = √400 𝐾 = 54499.84 𝑚 1M
𝑁𝑠
𝐶𝐶 = 2𝑚𝜔𝑛 = 2 ∗ 400 ∗ 11.6726 = 9338.08 𝑚 1M
𝐶
𝜉=𝐶, 𝐶 = 𝐶𝑐 𝜉 𝐶 = 9338.08𝜉 1M
𝑐
𝑌𝐾√1+(2𝜉𝑟)2
𝑋= 2M
√[𝐾−𝑚𝜔 2 ]2 +[𝐶𝜔]2
0.0022∗54499.84∗√1+(2𝜉1∗1)2
0.012 =
√[54499.84−400∗11.67262 ]2 +[9338.08𝜉∗11.6726]2
119.9√1+4𝜉 2
0.012 =
√3.696∗103 +1.188∗1010 𝜉 2
−4 (3.696
1.44 ∗ 10 ∗ 10 + 1.188 ∗ 1010 𝜉 2 ) = 14.376 ∗ 103 (1 + 4𝜉 2 )
3
3.696 ∗ 10 + 1.188 ∗ 1010 𝜉 2 = 99.833 ∗ 106 + 399.33 ∗ 106 𝜉 2
3
1.188 ∗ 1010 𝜉 2 − 399.33 ∗ 106 𝜉 2 = 99.833 ∗ 106 − 3.696 ∗ 103
1.1481 ∗ 1010 𝜉 2 = 99.829 ∗ 106 𝜉 = 0.093 2M
𝑁𝑠
𝐶 = 9338.08 ∗ 0.093 = 868.44 𝑚 1 M
Q.3 A helical coiled spring is fixed at top end and a mass of 25 kg is suspended from the
bottom end of the spring. Deflection of this spring under the weight of this mass is 16.35
Cm. Determine the stiffness of the spring. The amplitude of free damped vibration
decreases to one-eighth of the initial amplitude in five oscillations. Determine the
Logarithmic decrement. If damping due to viscous damping, determine the damping
ratio. A periodic force of 160 cos (40 t) N is applied to cause the mass to oscillate in the
vertical direction. Find the amplitude of the forced vibrations. What is the phase angle?
What is the magnitude of force transmitted? Determine the transmissibility. Calculate
the amplitude of vibration at resonance? What is resonance? 25 M
Solution: 𝑚 = 25 𝐾𝑔 𝛿𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡 = 16.35 𝐶𝑚 = 0.1635 𝑚
𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑔 9.81 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝐹0 = 160 𝑁 𝜔 = 40 𝜔𝑛 = √𝛿 = √0.1635 = 7.746 2M
𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝑠
𝐾 𝐾 𝑁
𝜔𝑛 = √𝑚 7.746 = √25 𝐾 = 1500 𝑚 2M
1 𝑋0 𝑋 𝑋 𝑋 𝑋 𝑋
𝑋5 = 8 𝑋0 = 𝑋0 ∗ 𝑋1 ∗ 𝑋2 ∗ 𝑋3 ∗ 𝑋4 = 𝑒 5𝛿
𝑋5 1 2 3 4 5
5𝛿 𝑋0
𝑒 = 𝑋 = 8 5𝛿 = ln 8 𝛿 = 0.416 2M
5
2𝜋𝜉
𝛿= (0.416)2 (1 − 𝜉 2 ) = 4𝜋 2 𝜉 2 0.173 − 0.173𝜉 2 = 39.478 𝜉 2
√1−𝜉 2
2
39.651 𝜉 = 0.173 𝜉 = 0.066 2M
𝐹0
𝑋0= 2M
√(𝐾 −𝑚𝜔 ) +(𝑐𝜔 )2
2 2
𝑁𝑠
𝐶𝐶 = 2𝑚𝜔𝑛 = 2 ∗ 25 ∗ 7.746 = 387.3 𝑚 2M
𝐶 𝑁𝑠
𝜉=𝐶, 𝐶 = 𝐶𝑐 𝜉 𝐶 = 387.3 ∗ 0.066 = 25.5618 𝑚 2M
𝑐
160
𝑋0= = 0.004154 𝑚 = 4.154 𝑚𝑚 2M
√(1500 −25∗(40)2 )2 +(25.5618∗40 )2
𝑐𝜔 25.5618∗40
tan 𝜙 = = = −0.02656 𝜙 = −1.5210 = 178.490 2 M
𝐾 −𝑚𝜔 2 1500 −25∗(40)2
𝐹 𝑡 = 𝑋 0 √(𝑐𝜔 )2 + 𝐾 2 = 0.004154√(25.5618 ∗ 40 )2 + 15002 = 7.541 𝑁 2 M
𝐹 7.541
𝑇𝑟 = 𝐹𝑡 = = 0.0471 = 4.713 % 1M
0 160
At resonance the exciting force frequency is equal to natural frequency of the system.
𝜔
That is 𝜔 = 𝜔𝑛 𝑟 = 𝜔 = 1 2M
𝑛
160
𝑋 𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 𝑋 𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 0.8081 𝑚 = 808.1 𝑚𝑚 2 M
√(1500 −25∗(7.746)2 )2 +(25.5618∗7.746 )2
Q.4 Find the response of the free undamped vibration given by the equation of motion
20(d2x/dt2) +550x = 0. What are values of mass m and spring stiffness K? Calculate the
natural frequency of vibration in rad/s. What is the static deflection of the spring?
Determine the response of the system if initial displacement is 2.5 mm and initial
velocity is 0. 8M
𝑑2 𝑥
Solution: 2 𝑑𝑡 2 + 5𝑥 = 0 is the equation of motion. 20𝑥̈ + 5500𝑥 = 0
Equation of motion general form is 𝑚𝑥̈ + 𝐾𝑥 = 0 .
𝑁
𝑚 = 20 𝐾𝑔 and 𝐾 = 5500 𝑚 1M
𝐾 5500 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜔𝑛 = √𝑚 = √ = 16.583 1M
20 𝑠
𝑔 9.81
𝜔𝑛 = √𝛿 16.583 = √𝛿 𝛿𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡 = 0.0357 𝑚 = 35.7 𝑚𝑚 1 M
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡
𝑥 = 𝐴 sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + 𝐵 cos 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 𝑥 = 𝐴 sin 16.583𝑡 + 𝐵 cos 16.583𝑡 1M
𝑥0 = 2.5 𝑚𝑚 = 0.0025 𝑚 𝑥̇ 0 = 0
0.0025 = 𝐴 sin 16.583 ∗ 0 + 𝐵 cos 16.583 ∗ 0 𝐵 = 0.0025 2M
𝑥̇ = 16.583𝐴 cos 16.583𝑡 − 16.583𝐵 sin 16.583𝑡
𝑥̇ = 16.583𝐴 cos 16.583𝑡 − 0.0415 sin 16.583𝑡
0 = 16.583𝐴 cos 16.583 ∗ 0 − 0.0415 sin 16.583 ∗ 0 𝐴=0 1M
𝑥 = 0.0025 cos 16.583𝑡 𝑥̇ = −0.0415 sin 16.583𝑡 1M
-------------------------------------------OR----------------------
If 𝑥 = 𝐴 cos 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + 𝐵 sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 𝑥 = 𝐴 cos 16.583𝑡 + 𝐵 sin 16.583𝑡
𝑥̇ = −16.583𝐴 sin 16.583𝑡 + 16.583𝐵 cos 16.583𝑡
0.0025 = 𝐴 cos 16.583 ∗ 0 + 𝐵 sin 16.583 ∗ 0 𝐴 = 0.0025 2M
0 = −16.583𝐴 sin 16.583 ∗ 0 + 16.583𝐵 cos 16.583 ∗ 0 𝐵=0 1M
𝑥 = 0.0025 cos 16.583𝑡 𝑥̇ = −0.0415 sin 16.583𝑡 1M
Q.5 Determine the natural frequency of the following system in rad/s. Draw a neat force
diagram. Note that spring is not elongated before mass m is attached to the weightless
bar OP of length 2a. 7M
Solution:
2M
𝛿
𝛿 = 2𝑎𝜃 𝑦 = 𝑎𝜃 𝛿 = 2𝑦 𝑦=2 1M
𝑚𝑔 ∗ 2𝑎 = 𝐾𝑦 ∗ 𝑎 𝐾𝑦 = 2𝑚𝑔 2M
𝛿 is the static deflection of the mass 𝑚 and 𝑦 is the static deflection of the spring 𝐾
𝐾 𝑔 𝐾 𝑔 2𝑔 𝐾 𝑔 𝑔 𝐾
=𝑦 = 𝛿 = =𝛿 𝜔𝑛 = √𝛿 𝜔𝑛 = √4𝑚 2M
2𝑚 2𝑚 𝛿 4𝑚
2
All the Best
