User’s Manual

For
BH-MSD-4.5A Micro Stepping Driver
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Product Number Code For Micro step drive

Page | 2
BH MSD 4.5A

4.5 Amp

MICRO STEP DRIVE

BHOLANATH

1:DC power input :20V~50VDC

2.Output current:1.5A-4.5A

3.Microstepping: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 5, 10, 25, 50,125, 250

4.Protect From:overheat, lock automatic half current, error connect protect

5.Dimension: 118mmx76mmx33mm

6.Weight:300g.

7.Working environment: Temperature -15~40⁰C

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction, Features and Applications ........................................................... 4

Introduction .............................................................................................. 4
Features .................................................................................................... 4
Page | 3 Applications.............................................................................................. 4
2. Specifications ............................................................................................... 4
Electrical Specifications ............................................................................. 4
Model no:-BH-MSD-4.5A .................................................................. 4
Drive prevention ........................................................................................ 4
Operating Environment .............................................................................. 4
Elimination of Heat .................................................................................... 5
3. Pin Assignment and Description ...................................................................... 5
Connector P1 Configurations ...................................................................... 5
Connector P2 Configurations ...................................................................... 5
External Limiting Resistance ................................................................................ 5
Full current And Half current ............................................................................... 5
Wiring Notes ......................................................................................................... 6
Switch Choices ..................................................................................................... 6
4. Sequence Chart Of Control Signals…………………………………………………….6

5. Calculation of pulse frequency………………………………………………………7

Frequency With Different RPM At 400 Micro Step ........................................... 7
Frequency With Different RPM At 800 Micro Step ........................................... 7
6. Connecting the Motor .................................................................................... 7
Connections to 4-lead Motors ...................................................................... 7
Connections to 6-lead Motors ...................................................................... 7
Half Coil & Full Coil Configurations ........................................................... 8
Connections to 8-lead Motors ...................................................................... 8
Series & Parallel Connections..................................................................... 8
7. Power Supply Selection ................................................................................. 9
Regulated or Unregulated Power Supply ....................................................... 9
Multiple Drivers ........................................................................................ 9

8. Troubleshooting ........................................................................................... 10

9. Dimensions ............................................................................................... .11

10. Circuit connections Of BH MSD 4.5A With BH SDC-01,02........................ .12

11. Circuit connections of BH MSD 4.5A With Arduino & PLC .......................... .13

12. Frequently Asked Questions....................................................................... .14

13. Contact Us ............................................................................................... .14

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1. Introduction, Features and Applications

Introduction
Micro stepping driver is particularly suitable for the applications desired with extremely low noise
and low temperature rise technology which significantly improve the performance of the stepper
motor that leads to low temperature rise, low vibration. With the adjustment technology (step/rev and
Page | 4 current) according to different motors, the driven motors automatically generate optimal parameters
for different motors, and achieve the best performance at higher speed. It is suitable for driving 2-
phase and 4-phase hybrid stepping motors.

Features
  High performance, cost-effective 
  Suitable for 2-phase and 4-phase motors 
 Support PUL/DIR and CW/CCW modes 
 Short-voltage, over-voltage, over-current and short-circuit protection 
 Low temperature rise, smooth motion
 Pulses Response Frequency Can Reach 200KHz

Applications
Suitable for a wide range of stepping motors, from NEMA size 17 to 34. It can be used in various
kinds of machines, such as X-Y tables. And a variety of large-scale automation equipments and
instruments. For example: labeling machine, cutting machine, packaging machine, plotter, engraving
machine, CNC machine tools and so on. It always performs well when applied for equipment which
requires for low-vibration, low-noise, high-precision and high-velocity.
2. Specifications

Electrical Specifications

Model No:-BH-MSD-4.5A-4L
Parameter Min Typical Max Unit
Input
Voltage(DC) 20 - 50 VDC
Input
Voltage(AC) - - - VAC
Output current 1.5 - 4.5 A
DRIVE PREVENTION :-

NOTE:-THE ABOVE VOLTAGE MAY DIFFER ACCORDING TO THE POWER SUPPLY IT IS RECOMMENDED
THEORITICALLY TO USE ABOVE VOLTAGE AS IT WILL PREVENT DRIVE FROM DAMAGE.

Operating Environment

Cooling Natural cooling or Forced cooling

Operating Environment Environment-Avoid dust, oil fog, corrosive gases
Temperature- -10℃ － 45℃
Humidity-Not Condensation, No Water Droplets
Operating Temperature- -10℃-45℃

Storage Temperature -20℃ － 65℃

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Elimination of Heat
 Driver’s reliable working temperature should be <70℃, and motor working temperature
 should be <80℃; 
 It is recommended to use automatic idle-current mode, namely current automatically reduce
to 60% when motor stops, so as to reduce driver heating and motor heating; 
Page | 5  It is recommended to mount the driver vertically to maximize heat sink area. Use forced
cooling method to cool the system if necessary. 
3. Pin Assignment and Description
The driver has two connectors namely P1 & P2, Connector P1 for control signals connection,
Connector P2 for power and motor connections. The following tables are brief descriptions of the two
connectors.
Connector P1 Configurations
Pin Function Details
PUL+,CP+ PULSE SIGNAL POSITIVE
PUL-,CP- PULSE SIGNAL NEGATIVE
DIR+,CW+ DIRECTION SIGNAL POSITIVE
DIR-,CW- DIRECTION SIGNAL NEGATIVE
ENA+,FREE+ ENABLE SIGNAL POSITIVE
ENA-,FREE- ENABLE SIGNAL NEGATIVE
Connector P2 Configurations
Pin Function Details
V+ DC POWER SUPPLY/AC POWER SUPPLY
GND GROUND
A+,A- MOTOR PHASE A
B+,B- MOTOR PHASE B

EXTERNAL CURRENT LIMITING RESISTANCE: Signal current in both the“+” “-”ports,

can’t be too big and not too weak. It is necessary to connect current-limiting resistor in external, refer
to following table

VOLTAGE LIMITING RESISTANCE(R )

5V R=0
12 V R=1KΩ
24 V R=2.2 KΩ

NOTE: FULL CURRENT AND HALF CURRENT CHOICE: (PORT SW 4)

FULL CURRENT:-IF THE DRIVER IS IN FULL CURRENT MODE THIS WILL LEAD TO MOTOR HEAT AND IT WILL ALSO
DAMAGE THE DRIVER.

HALF CURRENT:-THE DRIVER SHOULD ALWAYS BE IN HALF CURRENT MODE AS THIS WILL REDUCE THE HEAT
OF MOTOR AND DRIVER.

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Wiring Notes

 To prevent noise incurred in PUL/DIR signal, pulse/direction signal wires and motor wires
should not be tied up together. It is better to separate them by at least 10 cm, otherwise the
disturbing signals generated by motor will easily disturb pulse direction signals, causing
motor position error, system instability and other failures. 
Page | 6 
 If a power supply serves several drivers, separately connecting the drivers is recommended
instead of daisy-chaining. 

 It is prohibited to pull and plug connector P2 while the driver is powered ON, because there is
high current flowing through motor coils (even when motor is at standstill). Pulling or
plugging connector P2 with power on will cause extremely high back-EMF voltage surge,
which may damage the driver. 

Switch Choice: (“ON=0，OFF=1”)
1.Microstepping choice:

SW 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
SW 6 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
SW 7 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
SW 8 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
Micro 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 5 10 25 50 125 250
2.Current choice：

SW 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
SW 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
SW 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
Current 1.5 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.5
(A)

4.Sequence Chart of Control Signals

In order to avoid some fault operations and deviations, PUL, DIR and ENA should abide by
some rules, shown as following diagram:

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Remark:
a) t1: ENA must be ahead of DIR by at least 5s. Usually, ENA+ and ENA- are NC (not
connected). See “Connector P1 Configurations” for more information.
b) t2: DIR must be ahead of PUL effective edge by 5s to ensure correct direction;
Page | 7 c) t3: Pulse width not less than 1.5s;
d) t4: Low level width not less than 1.5s.
5. CALCULATION OF PULSE FREQUENCY:- F = (RPM X MICRO STEP)/60
If Need 60 RPM at 400 Micro Step (Half Step, Default Setting)

Then Frequency = (60X400) /60

= 400Hz

TABLE :-(a)Frequency With Different RPM At 400 Micro Step

RPM 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540

FREQUENCY(Hz) 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600

TABLE :-(b) Frequency With Different RPM At 800 Micro Step

If Need 60 RPM at 800 Micro step

Then Frequency = (60X800) /60

= 800Hz

RPM 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540

FREQUENCY(Hz) 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 7200
6. Connecting the Motor
Connections to 4-lead Motors

4 lead motors are the least flexible but easiest to wire. Speed and torque will depend on winding
inductance.

Connections to 6-lead Motors

Like 8 lead stepping motors, 6 lead motors have two configurations available for high speed or high
torque operation. The higher speed configuration, or half coil, is so described because it uses one half
of the motor’s inductor windings. The higher torque configuration, or full coil, uses the full windings
of the phases.

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Half Coil Configurations

As previously stated, the half coil configuration uses 50% of the motor phase windings. This gives
lower inductance, hence, lower torque output. Like the parallel connection of 8 lead motor, the torque
output will be more stable at higher speeds. This configuration is also referred to as half chopper.

Page | 8 FOR HALF COIL CONNECTION

CONNECT (A+)-A Com & (B+)-B Com/

A Com-(A-) & B Com-(B-)

6-lead motor half coil (higher speed) connections
Full Coil Configurations
Lower speeds is desired. This configuration is also referred to as full chopper. In full coil mode,
the motors should be run at only 70% of their rated current to prevent overheating.

FOR FULL COIL CONNECTION

CONNECT (A+)-(A-) & (B+)-(B-)/

LEAVE A Com & B Com

OPEN
6-lead motor full coil (higher torque) connections

NOTE:THE ABOVE CONFIGURATIONS IS FOR CONNECTING IN A BIPOLAR

MICROSTEP DRIVE AS PER APPLICATION/NON-AVAILABILITY OF A UNIPOLAR
MICROSTEP DRIVE.

Connections to 8-lead Motors

8 lead motors offer a high degree of flexibility to the system designer in that they may be connected
in series or parallel, thus satisfying a wide range of applications.

Series Connections
A series motor configuration would typically be used in applications where a higher torque at lower
speeds is required. Because this configuration has the most inductance, the performance will start to
degrade at higher speeds. In series mode, the motors should also be run at only 70% of their rated
current to prevent overheating.

8-lead motor series connections

Parallel Connections

An 8 lead motor in a parallel configuration offers a more stable, but lower torque at lower speeds. But
because of the lower inductance, there will be higher torque at higher speeds.

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Page | 9

8-lead motor parallel connections

7. Power Supply Selection

The Microstep Driver can match Large and small size stepping motors (from Nema size 17 to Nema
size 34). To achieve good driving performances, it is important to select supply voltage and output
current properly. Supply voltage determines the high speed performance of the motor, while output
current determines the output torque of the driven motor (particularly at lower speed). Higher supply
voltage will allow higher motor speed to be achieved, at the price of more noise and heating. If the
motion speed requirement is low, it’s better to use lower supply voltage to decrease noise, heating and
improve reliability.

Regulated or Unregulated Power Supply

Both regulated and unregulated power supplies can be used to supply the driver. However,
unregulated power supplies are preferred due to their ability to withstand current surge. If regulated
power supplies (such as most switching supplies.) are indeed used, it is important to have large
current output rating to avoid problems like current clamp. On the other hand, if unregulated supply is
used, one may use a power supply of lower current rating than that of motor (typically 50%～70% of
motor current). The reason is that the driver draws current from the power supply capacitor of the
unregulated supply only during the ON duration, but not during the OFF duration. Therefore, the
average current withdrawn from power supply is considerably less than motor current

Multiple Drivers
It is recommended to have multiple drivers to share one power supply to reduce cost, if the supply has
enough capacity. To avoid cross interference, DO NOT daisy-chain the power supply input pins of
the drivers. (Instead, please connect them to power supply separately).
8. Troubleshooting
a. The status on light’s indication
RUN: green, normal work light.
ERROR: red, failure light, the motor with phase short-circuit, overvoltage and undervoltage
protection.

NOTE:
TO CHECK IF DRIVE IS OK/NOT OK, CONNECT ONLY SUPPLY (AC /DC) VOLTAGE AND
GROUND TO THE MICROSTEP DRIVE AND CHECK THE LED INDICATOR IF IT SHOWS
GREEN THEN DRIVE IS OK AND IF THE LED INDICATOR SHOWS RED THEN DRIVE IS
NOT OK. THIS TEST SHOULD BE DONE WHEN THE BELOW TROUBLE SHOOTING IS
CARRIED AND MOTOR IS NOT RUNNING.

2. Troubles

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Problems Possible cause Solutions

No power supply Check the power supply

Page | 10 Motor is not No control signal Check the control signal

rotating Don’t connected the enable signal

The driver is disabled
or enable the driver

Supply voltage is too high or

Check the supply voltage
too low

Check motor lines eliminate the

ALM lights Motor line short-circuit
short-circuit

Motor line wrong connect Check the motor wiring

Motor or drive failure Replace the motor or drive

Motor rotates in Motor phases connected in

reverse Reverse the phases line
the wrong
Wrong I/p direction signal Change direction setting
direction Motor line break Change the phases are connected

The Micro steps set incorrectly. Set the correct segments

Inaccurate
The motor load is too heavy. Increasing the current

Position
Control signal is interfered Eliminate interference

Power supply voltage too low Increasing the supply voltage

Accelerating time is too short. Extend the acceleration time

Motor Stalled
Current setting is too small Increasing the current

Motor torque is too small Replace the motor

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Problems Possible cause Solutions

Wrong connection for power Check wiring of power

Page | 11 LED off turn

Low-voltages for power Enlarge voltage of power

Wrong connection of stepper Correct its wiring

Motor doesn’t run, motor
without holding torque RESET signal is effective when offline Make RESET
ineffective
Motor doesn’t run, but Without input pulse signal Adjust PMW & signal level
maintains holding torque

Too small relative to current Correct rated current setting

setting
Motor’s holding torque is Acceleration is too fast Reduce the acceleration

too small
Motor stalls Rule out mechanical failure

Driver does not match with Change a suitable driver

The motor

9. Dimensions

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10. Circuit connections Of BH MSD 4.5A With BH-SDC 01,SDC 02

Page | 12

NOTE:-ENABLE SHOULD BE KEPT OPEN (USE ONLY IF REQUIRED)

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11. Circuit Connections Of BH MSD 4.5A With PLC & Arduino

Page | 13

NOTE:-ENABLE SHOULD BE KEPT OPEN (USE ONLY IF REQUIRED)

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12. Frequently Asked Questions

In the event that your driver doesn’t operate properly, the first step is to identify whether the
problem is electrical or mechanical in nature. The next step is to isolate the system
component that is causing the problem. As part of this process you may have to disconnect
Page | 14 the individual components that make up your system and verify that they operate
independently. It is important to document each step in the troubleshooting process. You may
need this documentation to refer back to at a later date, and these details will greatly assist
our Technical Support staff in determining the problem should you need assistance.
Many of the problems that affect motion control systems can be traced to electrical noise,
controller software errors, or mistake in wiring.
The content in this manual has been carefully prepared and is believed to be accurate, but no
responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies

We manufacture 1.8⁰ HYBRID STEPPER MOTORS of size NEMA17, NEMA23, NEMA24, and
NEMA34 in square frame and NEMA 23 in Round frame and available in our product range
are Linear Actuator Stepper Motors, Planetary Geared Stepper Motors, Stepper motors
with Brakes and Customized Stepper Motors.
BHOLANATH STEP SERVO MOTOR & DRIVE

A Com-(A-) & B Com-(B-)

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