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    Differentiation of Vectors

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    Differentiation of Vectors

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    8 views3 pages

    Differentiation of Vectors

    Uploaded by

    vaneetg450

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    Vectors 383

    5.22 VECTOR FUNCTION


    If vector r is a function of a scalar variable i, then we write

    If a particle is moving along a curved path then the position vectorr of the particle is a
    function of . If the component off() along x-axis, yaxis, z-axis are sj). S).S0 respectively
    Then,
    SO = hu) i + S(0)j+ SMk
    5.23 DIFFERENTIATION OF VECTORS
    Let O be the origin and P be the position of a moving particle at time t.

    Let r
    Let Qbe the position of the particle at the time + 8t and
    the position vector of Q is o0
    PO =00-OP
    r+å8r
    Tanget
    +8r)- =87 T+8T
    is a vector. As ôt > 0, Q tends to P and the chord
    becomes the tangent at P.
    im d
    We define o>0 8t,then

    is a vector in the direction of the tangent at P.


    di
    d
    i s also called the differential coeficient of 7 with respect to '.
    di

    Similarly, isthe second order derivative of

    dr gives the velocity ofthe particle at P, which is along the tangent to its path. Also
    dt d
    gives the acceleration of the particle at P
    5.24 FORMULAE OF DIFFERENTIATION

    (U.P.I semester Dec. 2005)


    .dt dt a

    dt dt

    a
    The order of the functions F, G is not to be changed.
    384 Vectors

    Example 12. Aparticle moves along the curve F=(-41)i +f+4)j+(8/-3/P)k.


    where t is the time. Find the magnitude of the tangential components of its acceleration
    at t= 2.
    (Nagpur University. Summer 2005)
    Solution. We have, (-41)î+( +4) +(8* -3/)k
    Velocity =(3 -4)î +(2 +4)j+(16 -9)k
    At I2, Velocity 8î +8j-4
    Acceleration = a = =
    6t i +2j+ (16- 18/)k
    d
    At I 2 d- 12i +2-20
    The direction of velocity is along tangent.
    So the tangent vector is velocity.

    Unit tangent vector, T


    8i+8-48i+8-4k2i+2-
    64 +64 +16
    12 3

    Tangential component of acceleration, a, = a.T

    -(12i+2-20)24+2- 244+20 48 16 Ans.


    3 3
    d
    Example 13. - i x ä and duxb hen prove thataxb=ux(axb)
    di
    (M.U. 2009)
    Solution. We have,

    ax(uxB) -Bx(uxa
    (a.b) u-(a.) b-[6.a) u-(6.u)a
    (Vector triple product)
    - (a.B) i- (i.) 6-(à.3)i+ (.3) a
    = (u.B)ä-(ü. a)B

    ux (ax B) Proved.
    Example 14. Find the angle between the surface x + + # = 9 and = + - 3 at
    (2,-1, 2). (M.D.U. Dec. 2009)
    Solution. Here, we have
    x+ + = 9
    .(1)
    :=*+y-3 ...(2)
    Normal to (1) n= V*++#-9)

    -( 2+ y+-9) =
    2 xi +
    2yj +2 =k
    Normal to (1) at (2, - 1, 2), n, = 4i - 2j +4k ...(3)
    Vectors 385

    Normal to (2), n V( -*-+ 3)


    (--+ 3) -- 2 xi -2yj + k
    Normal to (2) at (2, - 1, 2), n, =-4 i +2j + k ..(4)
    n1.2Inlln2lcos

    cos
    n2 _(4i-2j+ 4k).(-4i +2j+) -

    16-4+4
    Inlln2 14i -2j+4k||-4 +2j +k| 16+4+16 16+4+1
    16 -8
    6V21 3/21
    cos
    (3/21
    Hence the angle between (1) and (2) -8
    cos.67 Ans

    EXERCISE 5.6

    1. The coordinates of a moving particle are given byx = 41-a n d y = 3+ 61- Find the

    velocity and acceleration of the particle wheni= 2 secs. Ans. 4.47, 2.24
    2. A particle moves along the curve
    x = 2r. y = r- 4 and 31 5
    where is the time. Find the components of its velocity and acceleration at time t = 1, in the

    814 V14
    direction-3j+2k. (Nagpur Summer 2001) Ans.
    3. Find the unit tangent and unit normal vector at = 2 on the curvex = f - 7
    1, y = 41 - 3,

    2r 61 where is any variable. Ans.(2+2j+k),


    3
    (2î+
    3V5
    2h)
    4. Prove that

    5. Find the angle between the tangents to the curve 7=12i +21j-k, at the points =+ 1.
    Ans. cos
    6. If the surface 5 x - 2by = 9x be orthogonal to the surface 4xy + = 4 at the point (1, -1, 2)
    then b is equal to
    (a) (6) (c) 2 (d) 3 (AMIETE, Dec. 2009) Ans. (b)

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