TUTORIAL CHAPTER 2 : DIFFERENTIATION

1. Find the derivatives of the following by using the first principle.

(a) y = 2 x 2 + 3 1
(b) y =
x
Answer :
Answer :

1 (d) y = ( x − 3)( x + 4 )
(c) f ( x ) = x −5
4
Answer :
Answer :

1
 (e) f ( x ) x2 5x
Answer :

2. Differentiate each of the following with respect to x.

(a) y = 5 (b) y = 2 x 5
Ans : Ans:

(c) y = 3 x −1 − 8 (d) y = 7 x
Ans : Ans :

(f) y = ( −5 x )
2
3
(e) y = −
x5
Ans :
Ans :

1 2 4
(g) 𝑦 = −𝑥 (h) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 7 − 𝑥
√𝑥

Ans: Ans:
𝑑 4
= 6𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1 2
=− 3+ 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
2𝑥 2

2
3. Find 𝑓′(𝑥) for each of the following.

(a) f ( x ) = 5 − 4 x3 (b) f ( x ) = 4 x3 + 5 x 2 + x

Ans : Ans :

(c) f ( x ) = 5 x 2 −
2 (d) f ( x ) = 2 x + 1
x3
Ans :
Ans :

1
2
(e) f ( x ) = 1 −
−
(f) f ( x ) = 2 x −2 + ( 3x ) − 4 x
−2
+ 4 x3 4
+5
x
Ans : Ans :

3
4. Find the derivatives of the following by using product or quotient rule, whichever more
suitable.

(a) y = ( 3x + 4 )( 2 − 7 x ) (b) y = (1 − 2 x ) x

Ans : Ans :

(
(c) y = x −2 2 − x 2 ) (d) y =
x
( x − 1)
Ans :
Ans :

x2 + 5 x +1
(e) y = (f) y =
3x x
Ans : Ans :

4
 3 x −7 (h) 𝑦 = (6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 7)(−5𝑥 3 )
(g) y =
2 x Ans:

Ans : 𝑢 = 6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 7, 𝑣 = −5𝑥 3
𝑢′ = 12𝑥 + 5, 𝑣 ′ = −15𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= (12𝑥 + 5)(−5𝑥 3 ) + (6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 −

7)(−15𝑥 2 )
= −60𝑥 4 − 25𝑥 3 − 90𝑥 4 − 75𝑥 3 +
105𝑥 2
= −150𝑥 4 − 100𝑥 3 + 105𝑥 2

5. By using chain rule, find the first derivatives.

( ) (b) y = ( 2 − x )
2 2
(a) y = 5 + x3

Ans : Ans :

5
 4 1
(c) f ( x ) =  x +
 1 (d) f ( x ) =
 x +12
 x
Ans :
Ans:
𝑑𝑢
1 𝑑𝑢 1 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 1, = 2𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 , 𝑑𝑥
= 1 − 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 −1
𝑑𝑦 𝑦= = 𝑢−1 , =
𝑦 = 𝑢4 , 𝑑𝑢
= 4𝑢3 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑢2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑢 × 𝑑𝑥 = ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
1 1
= 4𝑢3 (1 − 𝑥 2 ) = − 𝑢2 (2𝑥)
2𝑥
1 3 1 = − (𝑥 2 +1)2
= 4 (𝑥 + ) (1 − )
𝑥 𝑥2

(e) f ( x ) =
2 (f) f ( x ) = x2 + 3
( 3x − 4 )
3

Ans :
Ans : 𝑑𝑢
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 3, 𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢
Let 𝑢 = 3𝑥 − 4, 𝑑𝑥
=3 1
𝑑𝑦 1
2 𝑑𝑦 6
𝑦 = 𝑢2 , 𝑑𝑢
= 1
𝑦= 𝑢3
= 2𝑢−3 , 𝑑𝑢
= − 𝑢4 2𝑢2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 = ×
= × 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
1
6 = 1 (2𝑥)
= − 4 (3) 2𝑢2
𝑢
𝑥
=−
18 =
(3𝑥−4)4 √𝑥 2 +3

1 2
(g) f ( x ) = (ℎ) 𝑦 =
1− x 𝑥2 −5
Ans:
Ans :
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 5, = 2𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥, = −1 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
2 𝑑𝑦 2
1 −1
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑦 = 𝑢, 𝑑𝑢
= − 𝑢2
𝑦= 1 =𝑢 , 2 =− 3
𝑑𝑢
𝑢2 2𝑢2 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= − 2 × 2𝑥
= × 𝑑𝑥 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
1
=
=− 3 (−1)
2𝑢2

−4𝑥
(𝑥 2 − 5)2

6
 dy
6. Find the of the following.
dx

(a) y =
4
+
x2 ( )
(b) y = ( x − 2 ) 4 x 2 + 1 + 2 x 3
x ( x + 2)
Ans:
Ans: Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 2, 𝑢′ = 1
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑢′ = 2𝑥 𝑣 = 4𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑣 ′ = 8𝑥
𝑣 = 𝑥 + 2, 𝑣′ = 1 𝑑𝑦
′ = (𝑣𝑢′ + 𝑢𝑣 ′ ) + 6𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 4 𝑣𝑢 − 𝑢𝑣′ 𝑑𝑥
=− 2+( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑣2 = (4𝑥 2 + 1)(1) + (𝑥 − 2)(8𝑥) + 6𝑥 2
4 (𝑥+2)(2𝑥)−(𝑥 2 )
= − 𝑥2 + [ ] = 4𝑥 2 + 1 + 8𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 6𝑥 2
(𝑥+2)2

4 𝑥 2 +4𝑥 = 18𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 1

= − 𝑥2 + (𝑥+2)2

(c) y = 3
x− ( x +5 ) (d) y =
7x  1 
 
2  x2 + 1 
Ans:
Ans:
1 1
𝑦= 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 −5 7𝑥
𝑦=
𝑑𝑦 1 −2 1 −1 2𝑥 2 + 2
= 𝑥 3− 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 3 2 Let 𝑢 = 7𝑥, 𝑢′ = 7
1 1
= 2 −2 𝑣 = 2𝑥 2 + 2, 𝑣 ′ = 4𝑥
3𝑥 3 √𝑥
𝑑𝑦 (2𝑥 2 + 2)(7) − 7𝑥(4𝑥)
=
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 2 + 2)2
14𝑥 2 +14−28𝑥 2
=
(2𝑥 2 +2)2

(e) y = x 3 x 2 + 5 ( ) (f) y = x −5 +
1 x −1
−
x x+2
Ans:
Ans:
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 , 𝑢′ = 3𝑥 2
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 1, 𝑢′ = 1
2 ′
𝑣 = 𝑥 + 5, 𝑣 = 2𝑥
𝑣 = 𝑥 + 2, 𝑣′ = 1
𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 2 + 5)(3𝑥 2 ) + 𝑥 3 (2𝑥) 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 = −5𝑥 −6 − 𝑥 −2
𝑑𝑥
= 3𝑥 4 + 15𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 4 (𝑥 + 2)(1) − (𝑥 − 1)(1)
4 −[ ]
= 5𝑥 + 15 (𝑥 + 2)2
5 1 3
= − 𝑥 6 − 𝑥 2 − (𝑥+2)2

𝑥2

7
7. Find the second derivatives of the following

(a) y = 8 x (b) y = x 2 e + 3

Ans: Ans:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
=8 = 2𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 2
𝑑 𝑦
=0 = 2𝑒
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2

7 (d) y = x −2 + x 4
(c) y =
8x
Ans:
Ans: 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 7 = −2𝑥 −3 + 4𝑥 3
=− 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 8𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑2 𝑦 14 = 6𝑥 −4 + 12𝑥 2
= 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 2 8𝑥 3
7
= 3
4𝑥

(e) y = x − x3 x2 −1
(f) y =
x
Ans: Ans:
1
𝑑𝑦
−
𝑥 2 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 1, 𝑢′ = 2𝑥
= − 3𝑥 2 𝑣 = 𝑥, 𝑣′ = 1
𝑑𝑥 2
−3
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦 2𝑥(𝑥)−(𝑥 2 −1)(1)
=− − 6𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 2 4 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
1 𝑥 2 +1
=− 3
= 𝑥2
4𝑥 2 −6𝑥 −2
=1+𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 2
= − 𝑥3

(g) y = ( 2 x − 3) x 2 − 1( ) (h) y =
x +5
+ 5
x
Ans:
Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 3, 𝑢′ = 2
𝑣 = 𝑥 2 − 1, 𝑣 ′ = 2𝑥 Ans:
𝑑𝑦 1
𝑑𝑥
= 2(𝑥 2 − 1) + 2𝑥(2𝑥 − 3) Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 5, 𝑢′ = 2
1
√𝑥
= 6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 2 1
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑣 = √𝑥, 𝑣′ = 2√𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
= 12𝑥 − 6 1 1
𝑑𝑦 √𝑥(2√𝑥)−2√𝑥(√𝑥+5)
𝑑𝑥
=[ 2 ]+0
(√𝑥)
1 1 5
− −
2 2 2√𝑥
= 𝑥

8
 1 dy
y = 4x + 2
+ 3x 4
8. Given x find dx when x = 1 .

𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
9. Given that 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥, show that 𝑦 ( )+( )− 6𝑦 + 5 = 6𝑥.
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 𝑑𝑦
10. Given that 𝑦 = . Find the values of x when = 0.
𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2 𝑑𝑥

9
ANSWERS:
1 1
1) a) 4x b) − c) d) 2 x + 1 e) 2 x 5
x2 4
3 7 15 1 2 4
2) a) 0 b) 10x c) − 2
d) e) 6 f) 50x g) − 3 + 𝑥2 h) 6𝑥 + 𝑥 2
x 2 x x 2𝑥 2

6 2 38 1
3) a) 12x b) 12 x 2 + 10 x + 1 c) 10x + 4
d) x e) 2 + 12x f) − 3 + 5
x x 9x
x4
1− 6x 4 1 x2 − 5 x −1
4) a) −42 x − 22 b) c) − 3 d) − e) f)
( x − 1)
2 3
2 x x 3x 2 2
2x
7
g) 3
h) −150𝑥 4 − 100𝑥 3 + 105𝑥 2
2
4x
1 3 1 2𝑥 18
5) a) 30 x 2 + 6 x5 b) −4 + 2x c) 4 (𝑥 + ) (1 − ) d) − (𝑥 2 e) −
𝑥 𝑥2 +1)2 (3𝑥−4)4
𝑥 1 −4𝑥
f) g) 3 h) (𝑥 2 −5)2
√𝑥 2 +3 2(1−𝑥)2

4 𝑥 2 +4𝑥 1 1 14−14𝑥 2
6) a) − 𝑥 2 + (𝑥+2)2 b) 18𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 1 c) 2 −2 d) (2𝑥 2 +2)2 e) 5𝑥 4 + 15𝑥 2
3𝑥 3 √𝑥

5 1 3
f) − − − (𝑥+2)2
𝑥6 𝑥2
7 1 2 15
7) a) 0 b) 2𝑒 c) 4𝑥3 d) 6𝑥 −4 + 12𝑥 2 e) − 3 f) − 𝑥 3 g) 12𝑥 − 6 h) 5
−
4𝑥 2 −6𝑥 4𝑥 2

8) 14
9) Shown
4
10) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥=3

10